2023屆河北省衡水中學高三上學期四調考試英語試題（解析版）

第1頁/共1頁河北省衡水中學2023屆上學期高三年級四調考試英語第一部分考試聽力做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whichdoordoesthewomanwanttomakewider?A.Theonetotheoutside.B.Theonetothediningroom.C.Theonetothefamilyroom.2.WhomightChristinebe?A.Max’steacher.B.Max’ssister.C.Max’smom.3.Whatdoesthewomanthinkaboutthescenery?A.Dull.B.Exciting.C.Changeable.4.Wherewasthesoundcomingfrom?A.Aphone.B.ATV.C.Acomputer.5.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthenewdress?A.Itscolorisnotherfavorite.B.Itgoeswellwithherhandbag.C.It’sabitwidearoundthewaist.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhydidthemanbuyCoca-Cola?A.Fordrinking.B.Forwateringplants.C.Forcleaningmetal.7.Howwillthemancleanthedishes?A.Withmustard.B.Withwateronly.C.Withsomeorangestuff.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aneventtheyareattending.B.Thingstheyboughtyesterday.C.Themovietheywillwatchtonight.9.HowwillthewomangettoLaura’shouse?A.Shewilltakeataxi.B.Shewillgotherebybus.C.Shewillaskhermomtodriveherthere.10.Whatwillthespeakersdoafterdinner?A.Gotothemall.B.Gotoanappointment.C.WatchaDVD.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatcanwelearnabouttherestaurant?A.Itwasnewlyopened.B.Ithadapleasantsmell.C.Itofferedareasonableprice.12.Howdidthewomanfindtheservice?A.Perfect.B.Justso-so.C.Disappointing.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。13.Whatdothespeakersdecidetodoatlast?A.Nevercometotherestaurant.B.Cometotherestaurantinafewmonths.C.Ordersomemeatwhentheysettledown.14.Whereisthewomannow?A.Athome.B.Attheairport.C.Intheoffice.15.Whattimedoestheplaneleave?A.At5:00pm.B.At6:00pm.C.At8:00pm.16.WhyisthemanflyingtoParis?A.Tovisithisgrandpa.B.Todosomebusiness.C.Tocelebratethewoman’sbirthday.17.Whatisthewomanmainlyworriedabout?A.Howshewillaskforleave.B.Whowilltakecareoftheirson.C.WhenshewillmeettheSwifts.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatwasthethemeoflastyear’scompetition?A.Mybedroom.B.Myfavoriteanimal.C.Myhometown.19.Whatisthemaximumagelimittoenter?A.15yearsold.B.17yearsold.C.18yearsold.20.Whatcanthewinnersgetthisyear?A.Membershipintheclub.B.AfamilytriptoLondonZoo.C.FreeCountrysideMagazine.第二部分閱讀理解Monthlysubscriptioneducationalboxesforstudentscanbeagreatwaytodevelopaninterestinaparticularsubject.Ifyouwanttolearnsomethingathomewhilehavingfun,youcanhaveeducationalboxesdeliveredmonthlystraighttoyourhouse.SpanglerBoxesTheSpanglerboxesfeaturearangeofhands-onscientificexperimentsdesignedbySteveSpangler,whopreviouslyhostedapopularscienceeducationprogramonNewsforKids.ProjectsfocusonSTEM-science,technology,engineering,andmath.Examplesofprojectsincludeexploringlava(巖漿)science,thesoundwaves,andphysicallaws.FindersSeekersBoxesAfterreceivingaFindersSeekersbox,you'llexplorecharactersofanewcityandcultureeverymonthwhilesolvingpuzzles.ThinkofFindersSeekersasanescaperoomchallengethattakesplaceinyourlivingroom.Cluesandonlineresearchtoolsareavailabletohelpincaseyougetstucksolvingthemystery.Eachpuzzletakesapproximatelytwotofourhourstocomplete.CreationBoxesCreationteachesstudentselectronics,digitaltipsandhigh-levelproblem-solving.Eachboxteachesalessonandisprogressivelymorechallenging.Asamplingoftheprojectsincludesamoodlamp,anelectronicmemorygame,andadistancedetectorusinganultrasonicsensor(超聲傳感器).KiwiDoodleBoxesKiwiDoodleBoxesareamongthemostpopularboxesonthemarket.Theyfeatureavarietyofthemescustomizedtostudentsagedfrom8to18.Doodlefocusesonartanddesignwithprojectssuchasafeltbotanicgarden,anartificialleathersampleset,andhandmadesoap.Doodleprojectsintroducestudentstonewcraftingmaterialsandtechniquesandallcraftsuppliesareincludedinthebox.1.WhatdidSteveSpanglerusetobe?A.Ascientist. B.Aneducator.C.ATVhost. D.Anengineer.2.WhichofthefollowingisincludedinFindersSeekersBoxes?A.Featuresofcities. B.Onlineinstructions.C.Historicalmysteries. D.Escaperoomchallenges.3.Ifyouareinterestedinhandicraftart,whichboxwouldyousubscribe?A.CreationBoxes. B.SpanglerScienceBoxes.C.FindersSeekersBoxes. D.KiwiDoodleBoxes.Afamousspringboarddriverwasdefeatedbyhiscompetitorinthefinalsofaworldchampionship,offeringcongratulationstothewinnerandwavingatearfulgoodbyetotheaudience.Itiscommonintheathleticworld.Sportsmenspendthebestpartoftheirlivesonhardtrainingandcompetitions.Whenitbecomesevidentthattheyareonthedeclinetheystillmakegreateffortstogivetheirbestsoastobringasatisfactoryendtotheircareer.Chancestocompeteforthechampionshiparefewandfarbetween.Lifeisshort.Stillshorteristhetimeforanathletetryingtowingames.Anathleticcontestantreallyfeelsthattherearesofewopportunitiesandtimeflies.Hetreasureseveryminute,makesfulluseofitandtriestograspanychancecominghisway.Hegetsasmuchashegives,winninghonorsnotonlyforhimselfbutalsoforhiscountry.Toparticipateandtowin—thatistheOlympicspirit.Itfindsexpressionintheweakdaringtochallengethestrong,andthestrongsearchingforeverbetterperformance.Everbetter—theidealalwaysmakesasportsmanforward.Hewilldoeverythinghecanforit,neverrelax,nevergiveup.Itissaidthatnoneofthecompetitorscanavoidbeingdefeated—eventhebestisboundtobedefeatedbysomeonestillstronger.Thisistheruleofsports—thousandsofloserssetoffonewinnerwhointurnwilleventuallybereplacedbysomeoneonthehonorlist.However,heisalwaystryingtodothebesthecan.Whenthetimecomesandheknowshecan’t,hewillstepdownhappilytogiveplacetotheyoungerwinner,awarecontentedlyofthefactthathehasdonehisbestforthe“everbetter”recordsoftheOlympicGames.Hewillsayproudlythathehasnotlivedhisyouthinvain.4.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplainaphenomenon.B.Todescribeacompetition.C.Toleadinthetopicofthispassage.D.Toexpressworriesaboutsportsmen.5.Accordingtothepassage,whatkindofidealpushesanathleteforward?A.Hewantstowinpeople’srespect.B.Hewantstowinhonorforhisnation.C.Hewantstomakegreaterachievementsthanever.D.Hewantstoearnmoreandmoremoneyandfame.6.Whatcanbelearntfromtheruleofsports?A.Whateverdifficultiesyouhavemet,nevergiveup.B.Eventhestrongestathletewillbedefeatedoneday.C.Youcan’tliveinthesportsfieldwithoutanyeffortorprogress.D.Youarethewinnerifyouarebraveenoughtochallengethestrong.7.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Sportsmen’sspirit. B.Sportsmen’slife.C.Sportsmen’shonor. D.Sportsmen’spride.“Alotofthetimewhenclimatechangeisdiscussedinmainstreammedia,peopleareasking‘canhumansovercomethis?’,or‘whattechnologycansolvethis?’.It’shightimewerecognizedthatanimalsalsohavetoadapttovariouschanges.Weknowsomeanimalschangetheirskincolorstoescapefromnaturalenemiesorduetoenvironmentpollution,”saysRyding.“Theclimatechangethatwehavecreatedisputtingalotofpressureonthem,andsomespeciestrytoadaptbyshapeshifting(變形).”Strongshapeshiftinghasparticularlybeenreportedinbirds.SeveralspeciesofAustralianparrothaveshown,onaverage,a4%—10%increaseinbeak(鳥喙)sizesince1871,andthisispositivelylinkedwiththesummertemperatureeachyear.NorthAmericandark-eyedjuncos,atypeofsmallsongbird,hadalinkbetweenincreasedbeaksizeandshort-termtemperatureextremesincoldenvironments.Therehavealsobeenreportedchangesinmammalianspecies.Researchershavereportedtaillengthincreasesinwoodmiceandlegsizeincreasesinmaskedshrews(鼩鼱).“Theincreasesinsomebodypartssizeweseesofararequitesmall—lessthan10%—sothechangesareunlikelytobeimmediatelynoticeable,”saysRyding.“However,somebodypartssuchasearsarepredictedtoincrease.”RydingintendstoinvestigateshapeshiftinginAustralianbirdsfirsthandby3Dscanningmuseumbirdspecimensfromthepast100years.Itwillgiveherteamabetterunderstandingofwhichbirdsarechangingtheirbodypartsandwhy.“Shapeshiftingdoesnotmeanthatanimalsarecopingwithclimatechangeandthatallis‘fine’,”saysRyding.“Itjustmeanstheyareadaptingtosurviveit—butwe’renotsurewhattheotherecologicalconsequencesofthesechangesare,orindeedthatallspeciesarecapableofchangingandsurviving.”8.Whatmaycauseanimals’shapeshiftingaccordingtoRyding?A.Humanhunting. B.Climatechange.C.Naturalenemies. D.Pollutedsurroundings.9.Whatmethoddoestheauthormainlyusetodevelopparagraph2?A.Givingexamples. B.Cause-effectanalysis.C.Makingcomparison. D.Processanalysis.10.WhatcanweknowfromRyding’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Animalscanwelladapttochangesandsurvive.B.Influenceofanimals’shapeshiftingisuncertain.C.RdyingwillresearchintobirdmuseumsinAustralia.D.Alladaptationsofanimalstoclimatechangearebeneficial.11.Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwefindthetext?A.Technology. B.Healthcare. C.Environment. D.Education.Forthousandsofyears,Chinesewritershavetravelledalloverthecountrytotakedownnotesaboutthegeographicalconditionsofeachcity.Amongthem,well-knownChinesegeographerandwriterLiDaoyuan,intheNorthernWeiDynasty(386-534),composedhisbook,CommentaryontheWaterClassics,afterstudyingtheoriginalliteraryversion,WaterClassics.Helaterexpandedtheriverrecordsto1,252fromtheoriginal137.ThebookisnowbeingstudiedagainbyProfessorLiXiaojieandhisteamfromFudanUniversity.Theyhavebeenusingdrawingsoftwareand3Dmodellingtorecreatethewaterwaysituationsonamapbasedonthebookdescription.Sofar,theyhavecompletedresearchonfourrivers.“Ancientpeopleknewreallywellhowtoapplythepowerofnaturetotechnicalconsiderations,”Lisaid,givingtheexampleofQianjin’e,oneofthemostfamousancientwaterconservationprojectsinLuoyang,Henan.Inordertoleadtheriverintothecityforirrigation(灌溉)inancientLuoyang,theofficialsbuiltacanalbranchbyseparatinganorthwest-southeastriver.However,thecanalwaterwasn'tenoughtosupportthecitizensindryseasons.Tosolvethat,onthenorthernsideofthecanalbranch,theofficialsbuiltareservoir(水庫)andachanneltoleadthewatertothecanalbranch,wherethewaterwayswouldconvergeandflowtogethertothecity.InCommentaryontheWaterClassics,atotalof2,800citiesarerecordedwithdetails.Still,theprocessofrecreationtakesmucheffort.Afterdoingalotoftextanalysisandfieldwork,theteamhasgraduallycreatedthemodelwith3Dmodellingsoftwarebasedonrepeateddeductions(推論).ForProfessorLi,thebookisnotonlyarecordofthenaturallandscapeover1,000yearsago,butalsoadetaileddescriptionofhumanityandcultureandatreasurefortoday’sreference.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutthebookCommentaryontheWaterClassics?A.Ithasbeenoutofdate. B.Itexplains3Dmodelling.C.Itkeepsrecordsof137rivers. D.Itisbasedonpreviousstudies.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“converge”inparagraph3mean?A.Join. B.Pass. C.Cross. D.Begin.14.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytellusaboutmodelrecreation?A.Itsmajorproblems. B.Itsdetailedanalysis.C.Itscomplexprocess. D.Itssuccessfulapplication.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.3DTechnologyFuelsModernResearchB.AncientClassicsInspireModernResearchC.AnEffectiveApproachtoModelRecreationD.AFamousWriterofChineseAncientClassics第三部分七選五IfyoutraveltonearlyanyChinesecityinthesummertime,youwillseepeople,mostlymenwearingT-shirts,sittingoutonthesidewalksonlowchairsintheshade,playingagamewithlargerounddisksofwood.____16____XiangqidatesbackasearlyastheWarringStatesperiod.WhileexpertshavedifferentopinionsastowhocreatedXiangqiandhowitislinkedtoWesternchess,thereisnodoubtthatbytheTangDynastyXiangqiwasapopulargameinChina.____17____Andinthe20thcenturybothSunYat-senandZhouEnlaiwerebigfansofthegame.And,thoughitmaylookquiteabitdifferentthanWesternchess,Xiangqiisactuallyquitesimilarinwhatthepiecescandoandhowthegameisplayed.LikeWesternchess,theobjectofthegameistocapturetheotherplayer’s“king”.____18____UnlikeWesternchess,insteadofplacingthepiecesinsquares,thepiecesareplacedontheintersectionsoflines.AnotherbigdifferencebetweenWesternchessandXiangqiisthatthereisalargeemptyspaceinthemiddleoftheboard,whichtheelephantscannotcross.____19____ThisspacereferstoanareainChinawhereLiuBangandXiangYuhadalife-or-deathwar.Thewarwassoinfluentialthat“theChuRiverandtheHanBoundary”hasbecomeametaphor(隱喻)referringtoanyboundarybetweentwoopposingarmies.WhentheChinesepeopletodayseethisnameontheboard,thebattlescenescometotheirmind,asthoughtheyaresurroundedbythicksmoke,abletohearthebeatingofwardrums.____20____A.Actually,inXiangqiheisjustageneral.B.DuringtheQingDynastyitspopularitygrew.C.Itiscalled“theChuRiverandtheHanBoundary”.D.ThegameiscalledXiangqi,agameofordinarypeople.E.TherearemanydifferencesbetweenXiangqiandWesternchess.F.Anintensebattleisabouttotakeplaceonthissmallchessboard.G.SeveralsayingsrelatedtoXiangqiareincommonuseinChinatoday.第四部分完形填空BabyMiloszekwasbornwithaheartdefect.Hisconditionistoo___21___tobetreatedinPoland,butdoctorsatStanfordUniversityMedicalCenterareabletotakehiscase.___22___,theyrequire80percentofthepaymentupfront,asumthefamilysimplycouldnot___23___.That’swhenMariaAndrejczyk___24___intohelp!Justaweekafter___25___herfirstOlympicmedaleverandreturningfromJapan,Mariaposteda___26___onasocialmediaplatformannouncingthatshewouldbeauctioning(拍賣)offhersilvermedaltoraisemoneyforMiloszek’ssurgery.Dayslater,aPolishconveniencestorecalledZabka___27___themedalfor$125,000,whichwasmorethanMariahad___28___toget.Notonlythat,butwhenher___29___broke,morepeoplebegandonatingtothefundraiser.Finally,theypulledinmorethanenoughcashto____30____Miloszek’striptoAmerica!Andthe____31____doesn’tendthere.ZabkaannouncedthattheywouldletMariakeepher____32____afterall!“Wewereverytouchedbytheextremely____33____gestureofourOlympian,sowedecidedtosupportthe____34____forMiloszek,”thecompanywrote.“WedecidedthatthesilvermedalfromTokyowillstaywithMaria!Wearegladthatwewereableto____35____.”21.A.particular B.optimistic C.serious D.common22.A.Undoubtedly B.Unfortunately C.Additionally D.Absolutely23.A.expect B.permit C.ensure D.afford24.A.crowded B.turned C.brought D.stepped25.A.earning B.declaring C.battling D.defeating26.A.parcel B.message C.card D.list27.A.sold B.returned C.purchased D.saved28.A.expected B.needed C.accepted D.commanded29.A.health B.dream C.heart D.story30.A.transport B.provide C.cover D.cost31.A.kindness B.news C.sympathy D.gratitude32.A.secret B.reputation C.money D.medal33.A.flexible B.noble C.gentle D.awkward34.A.recovery B.request C.fundraiser D.award35.A.contribute B.present C.fight D.change第五部分語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。AnyonewhohasaninterestinDunhuangwillhaveheardofFanJinshi.TheChinesearchaeologist___36___hasspentmorethanhalfacenturyresearchingandpreservingthecavesattheheartoftheancientSilkRoadinGansuProvince___37___(know)asthe"DaughterofDunhuang"inherfield,though"protector"isprobablyamorefitting___38___(describe).Fanhasbeenstudyingthehistoricalsitesincetheearly1960s,firstasanarchaeologyundergraduatefromPekingUniversity,thenasaconservationistwhenshe___39___(become)thedeputydirectoroftheDunhuangResearchAcademyin1984,whichservestopreventtheancientsite___40___beingdestroyed."Itisoverathousandyearsold.Itisanoldperson,an___41___(extreme)weakoldperson.Ithas___42___(variety)illnesses.Ifyouarealittlecareless,itcouldbegone.Goneforever,"Fansays.Today,thankstotheworkofgreat___43___(archaeologist)suchasFan,Dunhuangisproudoftheworld’slargestandbest-preservedcollectionofBuddhistrelics___44___(date)fromthe15thtothe13thcenturies.ThemainMogaositeismadeupof735cavesspreadacrossa1,700-metre-widecliffface,containing45,000squaremetresofmurals(壁畫)____45____morethan2,000colourfulsculptures.第六部分書面表達46.你校英語俱樂部將舉辦英語演講比賽，請以FamilyEducationShapesMe為主題，寫一篇演講稿，內容包括：1．良好的家庭教育方式；2．成長的啟示。注意：1．寫作詞數應為80左右；2．請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。Goodmorning,boysandgirls,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第七部分讀后續(xù)寫47.閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的文章。Onthefirstdayofschool,Istaredinaweatthehugebuildings.ThishighschoolwasdefinitelybiggerthantheoneIhadpreviouslyattended.Thiswasmysecondyearofhighschool,butmyfirstyearofschoolinSt.Louis.IhaddecidedthenightbeforethatIwouldbemuchhappierinanewschoolifImadefriendsthatwereso-called“popular”.Gettinginwiththerightgroupofpeoplewouldmakemylifeawholelotbetter.Ievenboughtanewoutfitandhadmyhairstyledjustsothefirstdaywouldbeperfect.Scared,yetanxioustobeginmynewlife,Iwalkedupthestairstothefrontdoor.Thehallswerepackedwithkidsyellingandlaughingandtellingstoriesoftheirsummeradventures.Myfirstclasswasgeometry,butwherewasthat?Iwasstandinginthehalllookingconfused,whenashort,blondgirlwearingglassescameupandasked,“Areyounew?Youlooklost.Doyouneedhelp?MynameisDiane.What’syours?”Eventhoughsheseemedabitstrange,definitelynotthekindofpersonIwantedtobeassociatedwith,Idecidedtoanswerheranyway.Iwas,afterall,lost.Afterexchangingnames.Ifollowedherupthestairsanddownahallwayontheright,makingpoliteconversationthewholeway.Whenwereachedmyroomshesaid,“Well,hereyouare.WelcometoJFK,andIhopeyourdaygoesallright.”Isaidthanksandwavedgood-bye.Onceinsidetheclassroom,Isawonebiggroupofpeoplehuddledaroundsomeonewhoseemedtobetellingsomesortofstory.Iwalkedoverandgotcloseenoughtooverhear.Alleyesweregluedtotheguyinthemiddleofthecirclewhowaswearingaletterjacketcoveredwithpatches.Idecidedthatthisguywaspopular,soImanagedtogetaseatrightnexttohim.Isaid,“Hi,mynameisLisaandI’mnewhere.”Hesaid,“Johnny.”注意：1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數應為150左右：2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置答題。Attheendoftheclass,Iturnedtohimandasked,“I’mnotsurewheremynextclassis,couldyouhelpme?”__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Justatthattime,someonecameupandtappedmeontheshoulder.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________############################################################【答案】1-5CBAAB6-10CAABC11-15ACBAC16-20CBBCB【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】本文是一篇應用文。主要介紹四種“教育盒子”。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據SpanglerBoxes部分的“SteveSpangler,whopreviouslyhostedapopularscienceeducationprogram(史蒂夫·斯潘格勒曾主持過一個科普教育節(jié)目)”可知，SteveSpangler過去是一個電視節(jié)目主持人。故選C。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據FindersSeekersBoxes部分的“AfterreceivingaFindersSeekersbox,you'llexplorecharactersofanewcityandcultureeverymonthwhilesolvingpuzzles.(在收到“FindersSeekers”盒子后，每個月可以一邊解開謎題，一邊探索新城市的人物和文化。)”可知，FindersSeekersBoxes包括了城市的特點，故選A。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據KiwiDoodleBoxes部分的“Doodlefocusesonartanddesignwithprojectssuchasafeltbotanicgarden,anartificialleathersampleset,andhandmadesoap.(Doodle專注于藝術和項目設計，如毛氈植物園、人造皮革樣品集和手工肥皂)”可知，如果你對手工藝術感興趣，你會訂閱KiwiDoodleBoxes，故選D?！敬鸢浮?.C5.C6.B7.A【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是運動員在職業(yè)生涯中不懈追求的精神。1.推理判斷題。根據第一段的“Afamousspringboarddriverwasdefeatedbyhiscompetitorinthefinalsofaworldchampionship,offeringcongratulationstothewinnerandwavingatearfulgoodbyetotheaudience.(一位著名的跳板選手在世界錦標賽的決賽中被對手擊敗，他向獲勝者表示祝賀，并含淚向觀眾揮手告別。)”和第二段的“Itiscommonintheathleticworld.Sportsmenspendthebestpartoftheirlivesonhardtrainingandcompetitions.(這在體育界很常見。運動員把生命中最美好的時光花在艱苦的訓練和比賽上。)”可知，第一段的作用是引出這篇文章的主題。故選C。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段的“Everbetter—theidealalwaysmakesasportsmanforward.(做到更好——這個理想總是使運動員前進。)”可知，推動運動員前進的理想是他想取得比以往更大的成就。故選C。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段的“Itissaidthatnoneofthecompetitorscanavoidbeingdefeated—eventhebestisboundtobedefeatedbysomeonestillstronger.Thisistheruleofsports—thousandsofloserssetoffonewinnerwhointurnwilleventuallybereplacedbysomeoneonthehonorlist.(據說，沒有一個競爭者能夠避免被打敗，即使是最好的也一定會被更強的人打敗。這就是體育運動的規(guī)律——成千上萬的失敗者造就了一個勝利者，而這個勝利者最終會被榮譽名單上的某個人所取代。)”可知，我們可以從體育運動的規(guī)律中了解到即使是最強的運動員也有被打敗的一天。故選B。4.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段的“Toparticipateandtowin—thatistheOlympicspirit.Itfindsexpressionintheweakdaringtochallengethestrong,andthestrongsearchingforeverbetterperformance.(參與并取勝——這就是奧林匹克精神。它表現在弱者敢于挑戰(zhàn)強者，而強者永遠尋找更好的表現。)”可知，本文主要講的是運動員精神，故選A?！敬鸢浮?.B9.A10.B11.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一些動物為了適應氣候等環(huán)境變化，發(fā)生身體某些部位的變形。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“Theclimatechangethatwehavecreatedisputtingalotofpressureonthem,andsomespeciestrytoadaptbyshapeshifting.(我們造成的氣候變化給它們帶來了很大的壓力，一些物種試圖通過變形來適應)”可知，動物變形是為了適應氣候變化，即氣候變化可能導致了動物的變形。故選B項。2.推理判斷題。根據第二段“SeveralspeciesofAustralianparrothaveshown,onaverage,a4%—10%increaseinbeaksizesince1871,andthisispositivelylinkedwiththesummertemperatureeachyear.NorthAmericandark-eyedjuncos,atypeofsmallsongbird,hadalinkbetweenincreasedbeaksizeandshort-termtemperatureextremesincoldenvironments.(幾種澳大利亞鸚鵡已經展示出，自1871年以來，鳥喙尺寸平均增加了4%-10%，這與每年的夏季溫度呈正相關。北美黑眼燈心草是一種小型鳴禽，喙的增大與寒冷環(huán)境中的短期極端溫度有關)”以及“Researchershavereportedtaillengthincreasesinwoodmiceandlegsizeincreasesinmaskedshrews.(研究人員報告說，木老鼠的尾巴長度增加，鼩鼱的腿尺寸增加)”可知，本段通過舉例子的方式進行說明。故選A項。3.推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Itjustmeanstheyareadaptingtosurviveit—butwe’renotsurewhattheotherecologicalconsequencesofthesechangesare,orindeedthatallspeciesarecapableofchangingandsurviving.(這只是意味著它們正在適應生存，但我們不確定這些變化的其他生態(tài)后果是什么，或者說所有物種都有能力改變和生存)”可知，動物變形會帶來怎樣的影響，現在尚未可知。故選B項。4.推理判斷題。根據第一段“Alotofthetimewhenclimatechangeisdiscussedinmainstreammedia,peopleareasking‘canhumansovercomethis?’,or‘whattechnologycansolvethis?’.(很多時候，當主流媒體討論氣候變化時，人們都在問‘人類能克服這個問題嗎？’或者‘什么技術可以解決這個問題？’)”、“Theclimatechangethatwehavecreatedisputtingalotofpressureonthem,andsomespeciestrytoadaptbyshapeshifting.(我們造成的氣候變化給它們帶來了很大的壓力，一些物種試圖通過變形來適應)”以及文章內容可知，本文主要介紹了一些動物為了適應氣候等環(huán)境變化，發(fā)生身體某些部位的變形，推測文章可能出自報紙的環(huán)境部分。故選C項。【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.B【解析】這是一篇說明文，文章主要講述了復旦大學李曉杰教授及其團隊根據古代著作《水經注》的描述，使用繪圖軟件和3D建模重現了水道情況。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中“Amongthem,well-knownChinesegeographerandwriterLiDaoyuan,intheNorthernWeiDynasty(386-534),composedhisbook,CommentaryontheWaterClassics,afterstudyingtheoriginalliteraryversion,WaterClassics.(其中，中國著名地理學家、作家酈道元在北魏（386-534）對《水經》原著進行研究后，撰寫了《水經注》一書)”可知，《水經注》是基于對之前《水經》一書的研究。故選D項。2.詞義猜測題。根據劃線詞前“Tosolvethat,onthenorthernsideofthecanalbranch,theofficialsbuiltareservoir(水庫)andachanneltoleadthewatertothecanalbranch(為了解決這個問題，官員們在運河支流的北側建了一個水庫和一個渠道，把水引到運河支流)”及劃線詞后“flowtogethertothecity(一起流向城市)”可知，此處指水在支流匯合然后一起流入城市，converge意為“匯合”。故選A項。3.主旨大意題。根據第四段“Still,theprocessofrecreationtakesmucheffort.Afterdoingalotoftextanalysisandfieldwork,theteamhasgraduallycreatedthemodelwith3Dmodellingsoftwarebasedonrepeateddeductions(推論).(然而，娛樂的過程需要很多努力。經過大量的文本分析和實地調查，團隊在反復推演的基礎上，用3D建模軟件逐步建立模型)”可知，本段主要講述重建模型的復雜過程。故選C項。4.主旨大意題。通讀全文，結合第二段中“Theyhavebeenusingdrawingsoftwareand3Dmodellingtorecreatethewaterwaysituationsonamapbasedonthebookdescription.(他們一直在使用繪圖軟件和3D建模，在地圖上根據書中的描述重現水道情況)”可知，文章主要講述復旦大學李曉杰教授及其團隊根據《水經注》的描述，使用繪圖軟件和3D建模重現了水道情況。故B項“古代經典啟發(fā)現代研究”適合作為文章標題。故選B項。【答案】16.D17.B18.A19.C20.F【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國的象棋。1.上文“IfyoutraveltonearlyanyChinesecityinthesummertime,youwillseepeople,mostlymenwearingT-shirts,sittingoutonthesidewalksonlowchairsintheshade,playingagamewithlargerounddisksofwood.”（如果你在夏天去中國的任何一個城市旅行，你會看到人們，大多數是穿著T恤的男人，坐在人行道上的陰涼處的矮椅子上，用大圓盤木頭玩游戲）描述了下象棋的景象，下文“XiangqidatesbackasearlyastheWarringStatesperiod.”（象棋的歷史可以追溯到戰(zhàn)國）介紹象棋可以追溯到戰(zhàn)國時代，所以空處應該指出這個游戲是象棋，D項“這個游戲叫象棋，一個普通人的游戲”符合邏輯關系。故選D。2.根據上文“XiangqidatesbackasearlyastheWarringStatesperiod.WhileexpertshavedifferentopinionsastowhocreatedXiangqiandhowitislinkedtoWesternchess,thereisnodoubtthatbytheTangDynastyXiangqiwasapopulargameinChina.”（象棋的歷史可以追溯到戰(zhàn)國。雖然專家們對象棋的創(chuàng)造者以及它與西洋象棋的聯系有不同的看法，但毫無疑問，到了唐代，象棋在中國已經成為一種流行的游戲）介紹象棋在中國歷史悠久，很受歡迎。這里是按時間順序：戰(zhàn)國時期—唐朝，所以空處應該按照時間講唐朝之后的一個時期，象棋的發(fā)展情形。B項“在清朝時期，它的知名度增加了”符合時間邏輯關系。故選B。3.空處位于段末，應承接上文。根據上文“LikeWesternchess,theobjectofthegameistocapturetheotherplayer’s“king”.”（和西洋象棋一樣，這個游戲的目的是捕捉對手的“國王”）推知，空處應該講述中國象棋中的“王”，A項“其實在象棋里他只是個將軍?！狈项}意。故選A。4.上文“UnlikeWesternchess,insteadofplacingthepiecesinsquares,thepiecesareplacedontheintersectionsoflines.AnotherbigdifferencebetweenWesternchessandXiangqiisthatthereisalargeemptyspaceinthemiddleoftheboard,whichtheelephantscannotcross.”（與西方國際象棋不同，棋子不是放在正方形中，而是放在直線的交叉點上。象棋和西洋象棋的另一大區(qū)別是棋盤中間有一大塊空白，象無法通過）提到中國象棋中有個空間是象不能越過的；下文“ThisspacereferstoanareainChinawhe