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新概念英語第二冊語法精粹

(-):主謂一致I.單數(shù)主語:

1.當(dāng)every-,some-,any-,no-等構(gòu)成的不定代詞及each,either,neither作主語時(shí),

謂語動詞為單數(shù)。Someonehastoldmeaboutit.

Neitherofuslikesthefilm.

2.當(dāng)every或each位于兩個(gè)由連接詞連接的單數(shù)主語前,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。(必記之

要點(diǎn)!)

Eachgirlandboyhasanickname.

Everymanandwomaniswelcome.

3,位于主謂之間的介詞短語不影響謂語動詞的數(shù),謂語動詞須和主語?致。常見介詞短

語有:inadditionto,togetherwith,aswellas,alongwith,but,except,etc.

(這是一幾乎所有考試都不愿放過的重點(diǎn)。)

Theteacheralongwithhisstudentsisgoingtotheparty.

Hisparentsaswellashiseldersisterhavecometoseehim.

IL復(fù)數(shù)主語:

1.當(dāng)主語由and或both...and連接,通常采用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。

?Boththegirlandtheboyarehisfriends.

2.如主語是both,few或主語前有both,few,several,many等限定詞時(shí),謂語動詞須用

復(fù)數(shù)。

?Severalnovelshavebeenwrittenbyher.

?Bothgotthenewsatthesametime.

3.下列名詞總是復(fù)數(shù)形式且謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。

trousers,pants(褲子),jeans,glasses,scissors(剪刀),tweezers(鑲子),plier(電甘子),

scales(天平),compasses(圓規(guī)),etc.

?Thetrousersherearemine.

別忘了:如果以上名詞受“apairof”“thepairof”修飾時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

Thepairofpantsistoodirty.

HL單、復(fù)數(shù)的靈活運(yùn)用:

1.當(dāng)主語由neither...nor,either...or,notonly...butalso或or連接時(shí),謂語動詞與

nor,or,butalso后面的詞一致,在英語語法中,這被稱之為“就近原則工

?NeitherhenorIamgoingtotheairport.

?NotonlyMarybutalsoherparentshavegoneabroad.

2.當(dāng)主語前面有none,all,some,any,most,half,majority等詞時(shí),謂語動詞則根據(jù)主

語的具體情況而采用相應(yīng)的單、復(fù)數(shù)。

Allofthemoneyhasbeeninthebank.(money是不可數(shù)名詞)

Allofushavebeenhere.

3.“anumberof”是復(fù)數(shù),修飾可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞為復(fù)數(shù),“thenumberof”也修飾復(fù)數(shù)

名詞,但謂語動詞用單數(shù)。(黃金要點(diǎn)!!)

?Anumberofstudentshavepassedtheexam.

?Thenumberofstudentsinthisclassis50.

IV.用作單數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式主語:

1.如主語是指:time,money,weight,volume,etc.雖為復(fù)數(shù)形式,但謂語用單數(shù)形式。

Twoyearsisashorttime.

Onehundreddollarsisneededbyme.

2.下歹ij單詞如:physics,economics,mathematics,statistics,etc;measles,mumps,

herpes,Ec,news,ethics,politics,etc.為復(fù)數(shù)形式,但謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

Statisticsisadullsubject.

Politicsisimportant.

3.書、報(bào)、雜志、電影的名稱作主語,謂動用作單數(shù)。

TheNewYorkTimesisagoodnewspaper

V.下列名詞在形式上保持不變,但謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于其意義:

1.family,team,class,committee,group,audience,faculty,etc.

Thefamilyisbig.(總體)

HisfamilyliketowatchTV.(家庭所有成員)

2.species,series,etc.

Thespeciesisrare.

Thesespeciesarecommon.

3.sheep,deer,etc.

Thesheepareeatinggrass.

Thesheepisbig.

VI.Chinese,English,French,etc指語言時(shí),謂動是單數(shù),如與"the”搭配,指人

民時(shí),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

Englishisusedwidely.

TheEnglishlovepeace.

VII.注意下列外來語的單復(fù)數(shù)形:

單數(shù)

basis

crisis

criterion(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))

phenomenon

radius(半徑)

alumnus(男校友)

datum(資料)

medium(媒體)

index(索弓I)

appendix(附錄)

alga(海藻)

vita(生命)

夏數(shù)

bases

crises

criteria

phenomena

radii

alumni

data

media

indices

appendices

algae

vitae

(二):基本句型

精要:五種基本句型

1.主+謂(不及物動詞)

Mancanthink.Thefireisburning.

不可忽視:常用不及物動詞有break,breathe,burn,smoke,swim,skate,appear,

disappear,work,thinketc.

2.主+謂+表語(系動詞)

Hebecameascientist.

Sheisgettingmoreandmorebeautiful.

不可忽視:常用系動詞:be,get,turn,feel,seem,appear,looktaste,sound,smell,

become,go,proveetc.

3.主+謂+賓(及物動詞)

Welovepeace.

Theywillpaintthedoor.

常用動詞有:see,watch,need,love,like,study,answer,carry,etc.

4.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)

Weelectedhimpresident.

Theypaintedthedoorwhite.

Iadvisedthestudentstorecitethetexts.

王牌重點(diǎn):常用作賓補(bǔ)的形式:(請將每個(gè)例句大聲朗讀一遍)

(1)名詞:

ThecouplenamedtheirbabyJohnson.

⑵形容詞:

Ikeepthedooropen.

⑶副詞:

Thenaughtyboyknockedthebottleover.

⑷不定式:

Heorderedhismentofire.

(5)分詞:

Heheardmesinging.

Isawthevasebroken.

(6)介詞短語:

Theylookonhimasateacher.

⑺名詞性從句:

Iaskedhimwhathewasdoing.

5.(1)主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語

Myfriendboughtmeagift.

Ipassedhimthebook.

(2)主+謂+直賓+介詞+間賓

Myfriendboughtagiftforme.

Ipassedthebooktohim.

忘記就意味著背叛一

常與介詞for搭配的動詞有:

buy,make,doget,play,call,choose,cook,fetch,find,keeporder,save,etc.

常叮介詞to搭配的動詞有:

bring,give,grant,hand,pass,lend,offer,pay,promise,sell,send,show,each,tell,

throw,write,etc.

(三):不定式一.不定式

1.定義:具有名詞、形容詞及副詞性質(zhì)并具有時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)變化。

2.形式:(以do為例)

主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)

一般時(shí)todotobedone

進(jìn)行時(shí)tobedoing

完成時(shí)tohavedonetohavebeendone

完成進(jìn)行時(shí)tohavebeendoing

3.用法:

(1)用作主語:

TospeakgoodEnglishisnoteasy.

or:ItisnoteasytospeakgoodEnglish.

(采用形式主語it以避免頭重腳輕)

Ittookmeanhourtodothework.

(2)用作賓語:

Shedecidedtotaketheexamination.

Ihopetomeethimsoon.

(3)賓語補(bǔ)足語:

Theyexpectedustohelpthem.

Hewantshissontostudyhard.

金牌重點(diǎn):

不定式作賓補(bǔ),如謂語動詞是感官動詞,使役性動詞(see,hear,notice,watch,make,

have,let...),則不定式符號“to”須省略,但在被動語態(tài)中不能省。

Iheardthemsingintheclassroom.

Imadehercleantheroom.

ThegirlisheardtosinganEnglishsong.

(4)用作表語:Toteachistolearn.

Hisjobistosellcars.

(5)用作狀語,表示目的,結(jié)果。

WecometoschooltostudyEnglish.(目的)

=inorderto

Ihurriedtothestore,onlytofinditclosed.(結(jié)果)

(6)定語:不定式短語作定語須位于名詞之后。

Heaskedforapieceofpapertowriteiton.

=towriteitonthepieceofpaper.

Thepoormanhasnohousetolivein.

=toliveinthehouse.

Haveyouanythingtodo?

=todoanything

4.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)意義:

Sheseemstodanceverywell.(現(xiàn)在情況)

Sheseemstobedancinginthedancinghall.(正在進(jìn)行)

Sheseemstohavedancedwell.(過去情況)

Haswashappytohavebeenstayingwithhisuncle.(動作持續(xù)一段時(shí)間)

5.不定式語態(tài):

Thedoctorrecommendedhimtoairtheroom.

Thedoctorrecommendedtheroomtobeaired.

Sheexpectsthepolicetofindherbicycle.

Sheexpectsherbicycletobefoundbythepolice.

Shefeltabitpuzzledashehadaskedhersuchaquestion.

Shefeltabitpuzzledtohavebeenaskedsuchaquestion.

6.不定式否定形式:nottodo...

Hegotupearlyinordernottomissthetrain.

(四):動名詞:

1.動名詞定義:具有名詞性質(zhì),可在句中擔(dān)任主語,賓語表語,定語,具有所有格作修

飾語。

2.形式:以d。為例

doing—beingdone

havingdone—havingbeendone

3.用法:

⑴主語:

Savingiseasierthandoing.

Hiscomingherewillbeagreathelp.

Itisnousewaitinghere,hehasleft.

Itisnogoodsmoking.

Thereisnogettingalongwithhim.(簡直無法和他相處)

……以上例句皆必須要背誦!……

⑵表語:Hisjobiskeepingthehallcleanaspossible.

Seeingisbelieving.

(3)賓語:

a.動詞賓語:Headmittedtakingthebook.

Idomindyoursmokinghere.

重磅要點(diǎn),請讀20遍:下列動詞須跟動名詞作賓語:

admit,appreciate,avoid,complete,delay,deny,enjoy,fancy,finish,mind,practice,

resent,risk,suggest,allow,permit...

特注:以allow為例:allow+doingsth(動名詞作賓語)。但可以:Allowsbtodosth(不

定式作賓補(bǔ))。

這類動詞常見如advise,allow,permit,recommend,etc.

b.作介詞賓語:

Heleftwithoutsayinggoodbyetous.

I'mlookingforwardtomeetingyou.(to在這里是介詞)

(4)定語:

readingroomswimmingpoolwalkingstick

4.動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):由名詞所有格或物主代詞與動名詞構(gòu)成。

Hisleavingisagreatloss.

Motherdislikes

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