真題里面上半部分是下答案解析2011考研路上的幸福哥

招生考試英語（一）試SectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But1someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.Laughterdoes2short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,3heartrateandoxygenconsumption.Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave5benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.6,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparently plishesthe7.Studiesdatingbacktothe1930sindicatethatlaughter8muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp9theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof10feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.11oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted12physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry13theyaresadbutthatthey esadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.Althoughsadnessalso14tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow15muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofWürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto16apeneitherwiththeirteeth–therebycreatinganartificials –orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)17expression.Those dtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles18moreenthusiasticallytofunnycartoonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown,19thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround.20,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.1.[A][B][C][D]2.[A][B][C][D]3.[A][B][C][D]4.[A][D]5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C] [D]6.[A]6.[A]In[B]In[C]In7.[A] [B]impossible[C]8.[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens9.[A]aggravate [B]generate 10.[A] [B] [C][D]In[D][D][D][D][B]According[C]Due[D]As12.[A][B][C][D]13.[A][B][C][D]14.[A][B][C][D]15.[A][B][C][D]16.[A][B][D]17.[A][B][C][D]18.[A][B][C][D]19.[A]20.[A][C] [D]SectionIIReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TextThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.onlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Theserecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherin icqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeand ceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Theserecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherin icqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeand ceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopestoattract.WelearnfromParagraph1thatGilbert’sappointmentincurredraisedarousedTommasiniregardsGilbertasanwhoTheauthorbelievesthatthedevotedignoretheexpensesofliverejectmostkindsofrecordedexaggeratethevarietyofliveoverestimatethevalueofliveAccordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofTheyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinTheyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralTheyhelpimprovethequalityofTheyhaveonlycoveredRegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorTextTextWhenLiamMcGeedepartedofBankofAmericainAugust,his nationsurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunning .”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchdecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindof wantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexnationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionnsinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:“Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeago,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingforperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredtheirexpectationofbetterfinancialtheirneedtoreflectontheirprivatetheirstrainedrelationswiththetheirpursuitofnewcareerTheword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablyapprovedattendedhuntedguardedItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphtopperformersusedtoclingtotheirloyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-topperformerscaremoreaboutit’ssafertosticktothetraditionalWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefortheCEOs:WheretoCEOs:AlltheWayTopManagersJumpwithoutaTheOnlyWayOutforTopTextTheroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional“paid”media—suchasevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements–stillyamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“earned”mediabywillinglypromotingittofriends,anda mayleverage“owned”mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachtheprocessofmakingpurchasedecisionsmeansthatmarketing’simpactstemsfromabroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers’responses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer’sownedmedia anothermarketer’spaidmedia–forinstance,whenan merceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationscetheircontent merceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhosandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgenerating e,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies’marketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.quicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetor eshostagetoconsumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmorequicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetor eshostagetoconsumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthereputationofthetarget atrisk.Insuchacase,the ’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotor,forexample,alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsen,whichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasandthesocial-newssiteDigg.Consumersmaycreate“earned”mediawhentheyobsessedwithonlineshopatcertainWebinspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttoeagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityenthusiastic mendingtheirfavoriteAccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediaasafebusinessrandomstronguserflexibilityinTheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedinvite swithpassionatecanbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmayberesponsibleforfiercerdeserveallthenegativecommentsaboutToyotaMotor’sexperienceiscitedasanexamplerespondingeffectivelytohijackedpersuadingcustomersintoboycottingcooperatingwithsupportivetakingadvantageofhijackedWhichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyAlternativestoconventionalpaidbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.DominanceofhijackedPopularityofownedTextTextMyLife,”isarousingmuchchatter–nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacomple yfulfilling,life-enrichingexperience.Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserable,Seniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tenseMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–andnewlyfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?Itdoesn’tseemquitefair,then,tocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildless.Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegababy-sizeholesintheirOfcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresentishugelythatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneylit,raisingakidontheir“own”(read:withround-the-clockhelp)isapieceofcake.It’shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butit’sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress- ,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting“theRachel”mightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston.JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcantemporaryenjoymentinhappinessinlastingWelearnfromParagraph2celebritymomsareapermanentsourceforsinglemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaternewsaboutpregnantcelebritiesishavingchildrenishighlyvaluedbytheItissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessareconstantlyexposedtoarelargelyignoredbythefailtofulfilltheirsocialarelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirAccordingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedbycelebritymagazinesWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastHavingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebrityCelebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildHavingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithWesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildPartBThefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsEandGhavebeencorrectlyced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Nodisciplineshaveseizedonprofessionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmasthehumanities.Youcan,MrMenandpointsout, ealawyerinthreeyearsandamedicaldoctorinfour.Buttheregulartimeittakestogetadoctoraldegreeinthehumanitiesisnineyears.Notsurprisingly,uptohalfofalldoctoralstudentsinEnglishdropoutbeforegettingtheirdegrees.Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:li ture,languages,philosophyandsoon.Thesearedisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:22%ofAmericancollegegraduatesnowmajorinbusinesscomparedwithonly2%inhistoryand4%inEnglish.However,manyleadingAmericanuniversitieswanttheirundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasiccanonofideasthateveryeducated shouldpossess.Butmostfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhata“generaleducation”shouldlooklike.AtHarvard,MrMenandnotes,“thegreatbooksarereadbecausetheyhavebeenread”–theyformasortofsocialglue.Equallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendupwithprofessorshipsforwhichtheyenteredgraduateschool.Therearesimplytoofewposts.ThisispartlybecauseuniversitiescontinuetoproduceevermorePhDs.Butfewerstudentswanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:Englishdepartmentsawardedmorebachelor’sdegreesin1970-71thantheydid20yearslater.Fewerstudentsrequirefewerteachers.So,attheendofadecadeofthesis-writing,manyhumanitiesstudentsleavetheprofessiontodosomethingforwhichtheyhavenotbeenOnereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycutacrosstheinsistencebytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artseducationandprofessionaleducationshouldbekeptseparate,taughtindifferentschools.Manystudentsexperiencebothvarieties.AlthoughmorethanhalfofHarvardundergraduatesendupinlaw,medicineorbusiness,futuredoctorsandlawyersmuststudyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegreebeforeembarkingonaprofessionalqualification.Besidesprofessionalisingtheprofessionsbythisseparation,topAmericanuniversitieshaveprofessionalisedtheprofessor.Thegrowthinpublicmoneyforacademicresearchhasspeededtheprocess:federalresearchgrantsrosefourfoldbetween1960and1990,butfacultyteachinghoursfellbyhalfasresearchtookitstoll.Professionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionofadoctoraldegreeintoaprerequisiteforasuccessfulacademiccareer:aslateas1969athirdofAmericanprofessorsdidnotpossessone.Butthekeyideabehindprofessionalisation,arguesMrMenand,isthat“theknowledgeandskillsneededforaparticularspecialisationaretransmissiblebutnottransferable.”Sodisciplinesacquireamonopolynotjustovertheproductionofknowledge,butalsoovertheproductionoftheproducersofknowledge.Thekeytoreforminghighereducation,concludesMrMenand,istoalterthewayinwhich“theproducersofknowledgeareproduced.”O(jiān)therwise,academicswillcontinuetothinkdangerouslyalike,increasinglydetachedfromthesocietieswhichtheystudy,investigateandcriticise.“Academicinquiry,atleastinsomefields,mayneedto elessexclusionaryandmoreholistic.”Yetquitehowthathappens,MrMenanddoesnotsay.ThesubtleandinligentlittlebookTheMarketceofIdeas:Reformand intheAmericanUniversityshouldbereadbyeverystudentthinkingofapplyingtotakeadoctoraldegree.Theymaythendecidetogoelsewhere.ForsomethingcurioushasbeenhappeninginAmericanuniversities,andLouisMenand,aprofessorofEnglishatHarvardUniversity,captureditskillfully.→42.→E→43.→44.→PartCshouldbewrittenclearlyonWithitsthemethat“Mindisthemasterweaver,”creatingourinnercharacterandoutercircumstances,thebookAsaManThinkethbyJamesAllenisanin-depthexplorationofthecentralideaofself-helpwriting.(46)Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare–thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts–andrevealitserroneousnature.Becausemostofusbelievethatmindisseparatefrommatter,wethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmadepowerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandactanother.However,Allenbelievedthattheunconsciousmindgeneratesasmuchactionastheconsciousmind,and(47)whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindalone,inrealitywearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion:“WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachieveembodytheexternalachievement;youdon’t“get”successmindandeit.ThereisnogapPartofthefameofAllen’sbookisitscontentionthat“Circumstancesdonotmakea ,theyembodytheexternalachievement;youdon’t“get”successmindandeit.ThereisnogapPartofthefameofAllen’sbookisitscontentionthat“Circumstancesdonotmakea ,theyrevealhim.”(48)Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneed,andarationalizationofexploitation,ofsuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseattheThis,however,wouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoasubtleargument.Eachsetofcircumstances,howeverbad,offersauniqueopportunityforgrowth.Ifcircumstancesalwaysdeterminedthelifeandprospectsofpeople,thenhumanitywouldneverhaveprogressed.Infact,(49)circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinus,andifwefeelthatwehavebeen“wronged”thenweareunlikelytobeginaconsciousefforttoescapefromoursituation.Nevertheless,asanybiographerknows,a ’searlylifeanditsconditionsareoftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual.ThesoberingaspectofAllen’sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblameforourpresentconditionexceptourselves.(50)Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedinknowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayoflimitations,nowwe eofwhatispossible.SectionIIIPart51.Writealettertoafriendofyoursmendoneofyourfavoritemoviesgivereasonsfor Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEETDonotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”Donotwritetheaddress.(10Part52.Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youdescribethedrawingexinitsintendedmeaning,giveyourYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20旅程之“余 招生考試英語（一）答案詳SectionIUseof一、文章題材結構分析MakesYouFriendlier, ier：幽默如何使你更加有人緣且。文章主要探討了笑的作用以及情感和肌肉反應之間的相互關系。第一段由古希臘哲學家的二、試題解析【答案【考點】上下文邏輯關系+介詞辨邏輯是轉(zhuǎn)折關系，[A]、[B]、[C]、[D]四個選項中只有[C]despite“盡管”表示轉(zhuǎn)折，所以是正確答案。reflect【答案】【考點】上下文語義銜接+動詞辨析【解析】上下文語境是“笑確實能對心血管功能短期的改變”，具體說明笑對身體產(chǎn)生的影響。所選動詞要與changes構成動賓關系，并且?guī)в小鞍l(fā)生……作用，產(chǎn)生……效果”的含義。四個選項中[A]reflect“反映[B]demand“要求”，[C]indicate“表明，暗示”，[D]produce“產(chǎn)生”，只有[D]選項“產(chǎn)生、引起”符合本句語境，boosting【答案】【考點】上下文語義銜接+動詞辨進，推進”，[Cimpairing損害，削弱”，[Ddetermining“決定”，根據(jù)具體語境判斷應該是“笑能夠促【答案【考點】上下文邏輯關系+介詞辨邏輯是轉(zhuǎn)折關系，[A]、[B]、[C]、[D]四個選項中只有[C]despite“盡管”表示轉(zhuǎn)折，所以是正確答案?！敬鸢浮究键c】上下文語義銜接+形容詞辨【解析】本句話意思是“一次大笑不可能像走路或者慢跑那樣對心血管功能產(chǎn)生益處?！盵A]renewable“可再生的”，四個選項中能和“益處”形成搭配關系的只有[A]measurable，用于說明benefitsInturnInbrief【答案【考點】上下文邏輯關系+固定結構辨【解析】第二段首句的意思是：不像其它的鍛煉可以拉緊肌肉，笑很顯然起到了作用,從insteadof【答案【考點】上下文邏輯語義+形容詞辨【解析】第二段首句的意思是：事實上，不像其他的鍛煉可以拉緊肌肉，笑很顯然起到了作用,從insteadof和apparently可以判斷笑的作用和其他鍛煉的作用是相反的，四個選項中[Bimpossible“不可能的”，[C]average“平均的”，[D]expected“預期的”，都不符合語境，所以[A]opposite“相反的”是正確【答案【考點】上下文語義銜接+動詞辨muscletoneforupto45minutesaftertheguffawsubsides語義保持一致，四個選項中[Ahardens“硬”，[Bweakens“使變?nèi)酢保琜Ctightens“使變緊”，[Drelaxes“使松弛”，把[D]代入空中，表示笑使肌肉【答案【考點】上下文語義銜接+動詞辨reaction是指上一段中“可以放松肌肉的大笑”，由此推斷這里的意思是減輕心理壓力。四個選項中[A]aggravate“加劇，”，[B]generate“使形成，發(fā)生”，[D]enhance“增加”，不符合語境，只有[C]【答案【考點】上下文邏輯語義+形容詞辨【解析】本句話的意思是“”?？崭褚筇钊胍粋€形容詞，修飾緊跟其后的名詞feedback，這個名詞性短語由主語theactoflaughing發(fā)出，并受到后面that從句的修飾限制。主語“笑的行為”othertypesoffeedback相呼應，所以[Aphysical“身體上的”是正確答案，其他選項[Bmental“精神上的”，[Csubconscious“的”，[D]internal“內(nèi)在的”，不符合語境，故排除。ExceptforDueto【答案【考點】上下文語義銜接+短語辨判斷這里應該是“根據(jù)一個經(jīng)典的情緒理論，……”[A]Exceptfor表示“除了……”，它引出一個與前面的詞相反的原因或者事例。[BAccordingto“根據(jù)按照”，表示依據(jù)，后面常跟表示理論，思想之類的【答案【考點】上下文語義銜接+短語辨【解析】berootedin是固定詞組，表示“根源在于……，來源于……”，代入空中表示“我們的感情一部分是起因于身體的反應”。其它選項不能跟berooted搭配使用，故排除。if【答案【考點】句間邏輯關系+副詞辨【答案【考點】上下文邏輯銜接+動詞辨筋疲力盡，使疲憊”，[B]follows“跟隨”，[D]suppresses“，，抑制”，均不符合語境，[C]intobeyond【答案【考點】上下文邏輯銜接+短語辨那么后半句應該是“傷心在流淚之后”,也就是“情緒是肌肉反映的結果”[A]into“進入……中,到……里”[Ctowards向[Dbeyond超出，超過”[Bfrom來自”表原因，符合表達需fetchbite咬pick采hold拿抱【答案【考點】上下文語義銜接+動詞辨teethorwiththeirlips[Afetch“取來”，[Bbite“咬叮Cpick“采,摘”，[Dhold“拿抱握住”，根據(jù)具體語境可知該實驗要求用牙咬住或者用嘴含住一支筆，hold的意思最符合，故為正【答案】【考點】上下文邏輯銜接+形容詞辨此可推斷“當用嘴唇含住一支筆時會產(chǎn)生一種失望的表情”，這與后文中提到的“那些嘴唇皺著的人”相故排除。[A]disappointed“失望的”，符合句義，是正確答案。turnedto)【答案【考點】上下文語義銜接+動詞搭【解析】空格要求填入一個動詞，并且與后面的to構成固定搭配。本句的意思是：那些被強制鍛煉片的反應更豐富。四個選項中[A]adaptedto“變得習慣于……,使適應于”，[Bcateredto“迎合，滿足某種需要或要求”，[Cturned…to“轉(zhuǎn)向”，均不符合語境，[Dreactedto“對……做出反應”，是正確答案。【答案【考點】上下文語義銜接+動詞辨][DConversely【答案【考點】句間邏輯關系+副詞辨情好轉(zhuǎn)”，前后句解釋的是同一種情況，表示從一般到具體的邏輯關系。[A]Eventually和[B]Consequently，都是作為“總結”的副詞，[DConversely表示“相反”，只有[CSimilarly“同樣地”，符合三、全文翻古希臘哲學家把笑視作一項“有益于健康的身體運動”。然而，盡管有些人持相反的觀點，SectionIIReadingText一、文章題材結構分本文屬于文化范疇，體裁是議。摘自20079月Commentary中的一篇文章SellingClassicalMusic。二、試題解 【答案】【考點】推理判【解析】根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句“Forthemostparttheresponsehasbeenfavorabletosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”，由此句中的favorable和Hooray可知，人們對這一任命的回應是積極的，因此選項C是正確答案。選項A、B、D 【答案】【考點】事實細【解析】根據(jù)題干，可以定位到文章第二段托（Tommasini）對（Gilbert）的評論“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim”，可知托對的評價是unpretentious和withnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim。其中unpretentious是“不做，不虛飾或矯揉造作的”，withnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim，意思是“他沒有指揮家那種強大的、令人敬畏的氣勢”，四個選項中，只有選項B最接近此意。選項A、C、D 【答案】【考點】推理判everywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherin icqualitythantoday’sliveperformances，即便宜、容原文雖然提到Theserecordingsarecheap，但這是作者的看法，文章并未提到音樂會的虔誠追隨者忽視了現(xiàn)場表演的費用，故排除A。B選項沒有概括出作者對于devotedconcertgoers的觀點態(tài)度，太淺顯，且與原文對devotedconcertgoers的描述Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformance…存在誤差。選項C原文沒有提到。[A它們在質(zhì)量方面經(jīng)常是次于現(xiàn)場音樂會?！敬鸢浮俊究键c】推理判【解析】根據(jù)題干，可以定位到文章第四段。從第四段第三句“Theserecordingsarecheap，availableeverywhere…”和第四段最后一句“thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbrought很容易推斷出選項[BTheyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic(大眾很容易就能得到這些唱片)為正確答由第四段第三句“Theserecordingsarecheap…veryoftenmuchhigherin icqualitythantoday’sliveperformances”可知選項A是錯誤的。文中談到“這些唱片價格低廉，隨處可以買到，而且在藝術品質(zhì)上 【答案】【考點】觀點態(tài)difference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenew不夠的”，“Gilbert和thePhilharmonic要想成功，還必須做一些事情”Gilbert在振興交響樂團中的作用。故A為正確答案。選項B和C為反向干擾。D不符合，作者不可能對其論述的內(nèi)容迷惑不解，故排除。EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”with引導的介詞短語修飾musician。AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.【解析】句子主干：thatseemslikelyto...。句子主語that是指示代詞，指代“Tommasinicallshimunpretentiousmusician”。AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez是介詞短語作句子的狀語。句中的that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞anorchestra。Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.語。Forthetimeattentionandmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic公司、博物館競爭，而且還要和那些收錄了20世紀偉大的古典音樂演奏者的唱片作品競爭。四、詞與超綱appointmentn.advocatev.支持n..conductorn.faintadjbootupdevotedadj投入的深愛的substituten替代品；v.代替，替代但是，這一任命之所以讓人如此吃驚，其中的一個原因就是此人不太知名。甚至在《士報》上撰文支持的托都稱其是“一名毫無指揮家那樣駭人氣勢的、謙遜的音樂家”。吉就我而言，我不知道是否是一名偉大的指揮家，抑或是一名優(yōu)秀的指揮家?？梢源_定的是，或其他音樂廳來欣賞交響樂。我要做的就是去我的CD架，或者打開電腦從蘋果樂園上的錄Text一、文章題材結構分aNewJob的文章。這篇文章主要講在西方經(jīng)濟逐漸擺脫金融影響后，工作機會也漸漸多起來，許多高級經(jīng)理人不等方式，先以McGee跳槽為，進而很多高級管理人員先跳槽，再去尋找更高的職業(yè)發(fā)展二、試題解【答案】【考點】【解析】文章首段首句提到，“WhenLiamMcGeedeparted…,hisexnationwassurprisinglystraightcloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuseshecamerightoutandsaid，即“他不是借助一些慣用的閃爍其詞來掩飾他的離職，而是直截了當?shù)卣f……”，B項frank是對文中“straightup”和“rightout”的同義替A項是利用文中首段第二句的引言處設置的干擾；C項是從“wasverymuchmydecision”臆斷來的，不能選；D項是近義干擾，但是與文意不符，文中明確談到hewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunning 【答案【考點】事實細【解析】本題問高級管理人員離職的可能原因。文章第二段首先談到，McGee離職后思考他想要經(jīng)營