思考問題的5個(gè)步驟課件

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1咨詢顧問思考和解決企業(yè)問題時(shí)有三大基本原則……以事實(shí)為基礎(chǔ)以假設(shè)為導(dǎo)向嚴(yán)格的結(jié)構(gòu)化2……和一套行之有效的解決問題的方法第一步陳述/定義問題第二步分解問題第三步剔除所有的非關(guān)鍵問題第四步制定詳細(xì)的工作計(jì)劃和研究計(jì)劃第五步進(jìn)行關(guān)鍵分析第六步綜合結(jié)果，提出論點(diǎn)和建議第七步準(zhǔn)備強(qiáng)有力的溝通?????????................??......?....項(xiàng)目的時(shí)間長度和范圍取決于議題及可用的資源3ClearstatementofproblemtobesolvedorissuetoberesolvedCharacteristicsofagoodproblemstatementAleadingquestionorfirmhypothesisSpecificnotgeneralNotastatementoffactornon-disputableassertionActionableFocusesonwhatthedecisionmakerneedstomoveforward?InterviewerstatestheproblemProblemhasbeenclearlystated,andyouunderstanditProblemhasNOTbeenclearlystated,oryoudon’tunderstanditYoumustclearlyunderstandtheproblemParaphrasetheproblemtomakesureyouhaveitrightAskquestionstoclarifytheissueStep2.YouareresponsibleforensuringtheclarityoftheproblemSTEP1:陳述/定義問題5STEP2:構(gòu)建分析框架，分解問題Whyuselogictrees?1. TobreakaproblemintocomponentpartssothatProblem-solvingworkcanbedividedintointellectuallymanageablepiecesPrioritiescanbesetamongthepartsResponsibilitiescanbeallocatedtoindividuals2. ToensurethattheintegrityoftheproblemsolvingismaintainedSolvingthepartswillreallysolvetheproblemThepartsaremutuallyexclusiveandcollectivelyexhaustive(i.e.,nooverlaps,nogaps)SubissueSubissueSubissueSubissueSubissueSubissueIssues/hypothesisNo.1Issues/hypothesisNo.2Issues/hypothesisNo.3ProblemstatementSuggestions

-Describeyourapproachtotheinterviewerasyouproceed.Don’tassumetheyknowwhatyouarethinking!-Stateyourhypothesesascrisplyaspossible.-Onlyuseframeworksiftheyareappropriate-don’tforcefit.-Theideasareimportant,nottheframework.“Ithinkweshouldlookatthepowerofbuyersandindustrycompetitiveness”isbetterthan“I’dliketoapplypartofthePorterFiveForcesframework”.6STEP3:去除非關(guān)鍵問題WhyFirststepinconstant,interactiverefinementprocessFocusesyoureffortonwhatismostimportantDo’s&Don’tsAlwaysaskyourself“sowhat”...butalsoaskyourselfwhatyoumighthavemissedTelltheinterviewerwhatyouarecuttingandwhyProblemstatementIssue1Issue2Issue3Issue47STEP5:綜合分析結(jié)果，提出論點(diǎn)和建議ComplicationSituationResolutionUsesituation,complication,resolutionformatPyramidstructure

ordecisiontreeMainassertionSupportingdataSupportingdataSupportingdataSupportingdataQuestionSub-assertionSub-assertionQuestionQuestionYes Action1No

Action2Yes Action3No Action4and/orStatetheconditionsatpointofproblemFleshoutbarrierstoimprovingsituationLayoutpossiblesolutionpath9STEP2是最關(guān)鍵的步驟，必須使用MECE法則嚴(yán)格結(jié)構(gòu)化問題，這是思考問題的起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)MECE是“MutuallyExclusive,CollectivelyExhaustive”四個(gè)詞的字首組合，意為“相互獨(dú)立，完全窮盡”。在解決問題的過程中，MECE意味著將問題細(xì)分為明確的、沒有重疊的子問題，同時(shí)確保所有相關(guān)的問題都已考慮在內(nèi)。一個(gè)好的理論框架都是MECE的，例如科特勒的4P、波特的5力、廣為人知的SWOT分析、人機(jī)料法環(huán)、CQT等都是MECE的，這些現(xiàn)成的理論幫助我們快速深入的建立起思考問題的框架。但有些時(shí)候，我們無法利用現(xiàn)成的理論框架，此時(shí)就要求我們自行建構(gòu)一個(gè)分析框架，一定要注意必須符合MECE原則?？刂七^程簡單增長快于行業(yè)在財(cái)務(wù)上產(chǎn)生正面影響接管和融合容易市場份額大零售店的競爭力弱成本降低銷售增加利潤增長業(yè)務(wù)獨(dú)立管理人員不變?yōu)槭裁?？購買一家大型的連鎖店為什么？舉例10舉例：賣舊車前的準(zhǔn)備沒有結(jié)構(gòu)化前，簡單的羅列事項(xiàng)：Fixholeinroof 修理車頂?shù)钠贫碐etnewfloormats

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Fixthedents 修理車身凹陷處Getrustspotspaintedover 把銹斑噴漆Makesignforrearwindow 寫後窗售車廣告Writeannouncementforbulletinboard 寫公告板的售車海報(bào)9. Vacuuminterior 將車內(nèi)吸塵11Vacuum吸塵Preparetosellthecar準(zhǔn)備出售汽車Fixholeinroof修理車頂?shù)钠贫碏ixdents修理車身凹陷處Repaintrustspots重新噴漆遮蓋銹斑Getfloor-mats買新的車內(nèi)地毯Getlight