專題37.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)運(yùn)用（教師版）-2023屆高三英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) （人教版2019）

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)運(yùn)用目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式變化主要有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣和主謂一致。語(yǔ)法填空主要考查形式為給出提示詞——?jiǎng)釉~，主要考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致(語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近一致)；短文改錯(cuò)主要考查這三種形式的誤用。虛擬語(yǔ)氣雖然在語(yǔ)法填空與短文改錯(cuò)中鮮有考查，但在寫作中屬于高級(jí)句式，它的合理運(yùn)用能給作文增色添彩，因此在二輪備考中，考生也應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)這一部分知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)。(一)考點(diǎn)練悟(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)MybestfriendKaiyaislikeme.She1.________(remind)meofmyself.Inthepast,I2.________(be)neverconfidentbecauseofmyappearance.Peoplealwayslaughedatmyweight,myheight,myhairstyle,etc.Atthattime,Iwastheshorteststudentinmyclass.Istartedgettingdepressed.However,someonetoldmesomethingthatIwillalwaysremember.ItwasinMarch.Surroundedbyagroupofgirlswho3.________(point)atmeandlaughedatme,Icouldn'thelpcrying.Thetearsrolleddownmyfacelikearushingriver.Tomysurprise,someoneliftedmyheadupandwipedthetearsfrommyeyes.IthenknewitwasourEnglishteacher,MissLi.Shesaid,“You4.________(be)perfectthewayyouare.Youshouldneverchangeorhateyourself.People5.________(accept)youforwhoyou6.________(be).Butifyoucannotacceptyourself,thenhowwillotherpeopleacceptyou？”I7.________(inspire)byherwords.Overthepastfewmonths,I8.________(learn)thatnooneisperfectandthatweallhaveflaws.NowIhavewonderfulfriendswho9.________(love)meforwhoIam.Now,seeingKaiyacry,IdecidetotellherthesamethingMissLi10.________(tell)me.【答案】1.reminds2.was3.pointed4.are5.willaccept6.are7.wasinspired8.havelearned9.love10.told(二)快捷技法思考趨向1填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)變化提示詞是動(dòng)詞，且空格位于主語(yǔ)之后，分析句子成分后發(fā)現(xiàn)句中找不到謂語(yǔ)，則所給動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該作謂語(yǔ)，此時(shí)要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)變化。[解題規(guī)則]1．如何確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)方法(1)通過(guò)“時(shí)態(tài)定義”解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題準(zhǔn)確理解?？紩r(shí)態(tài)的定義是做題的根本。方法(2)通過(guò)“標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題在題干中，yesterday,tomorrow,always,inthepastfewyears,sofar等都是判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)常用的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，做題時(shí)可以通過(guò)尋找“標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”來(lái)判定時(shí)態(tài)。方法(3)通過(guò)“動(dòng)作先后關(guān)系”解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題當(dāng)句中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它們的發(fā)生時(shí)間有一定的先后關(guān)系。我們可以根據(jù)這種先后關(guān)系來(lái)判定時(shí)態(tài)。方法(4)通過(guò)“語(yǔ)境暗示”解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題有些題目在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和其他參照物都不明顯的情況下，通過(guò)正確理解語(yǔ)境即通過(guò)題干中的語(yǔ)境暗示，也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題的一條行之有效的方法。方法(5)通過(guò)“常用句式”解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題掌握常用句式也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平時(shí)要積累并熟記一些常用句式。2．如何確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)，需要在弄懂句子基本意思的前提下才能完成。分析語(yǔ)境，弄明白所給動(dòng)詞與其對(duì)應(yīng)的主語(yǔ)之間的邏輯關(guān)系是確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。如果所給動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該動(dòng)詞就用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如所給動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的承受者，該動(dòng)詞就用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。注意：平時(shí)多積累、掌握一些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))的特殊用法，例如belongto不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；datebackto/datefrom常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)等。思考趨向2填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主謂一致變化除了要考慮謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化外，還要考慮主謂一致的變化。[解題規(guī)則]1．可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。2．在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。3．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。但what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。4．就近原則：由either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...but(also)...等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。5．就遠(yuǎn)原則：主語(yǔ)后跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,but,except,alongwith,ratherthan等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。6．“every/each＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋and＋(every/each＋)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。7．morethanone或“manya＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。思考趨向3填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣變化確定空格處作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后，除了考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致外，還要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境考慮動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣變化。[解題規(guī)則]1．虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件從句中的用法情況從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be的過(guò)去式用were)should/would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反haddoneshould/would/could/might＋havedone與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式、should＋動(dòng)詞原形、wereto＋動(dòng)詞原形should/would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在某些從句中的運(yùn)用(1)在suggest,order,demand,command,request,require,insist,desire,urge,recommend等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，要用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)表示愿望、建議、命令、要求等；由上述動(dòng)詞派生或轉(zhuǎn)化的名詞的同位語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句中也要用相應(yīng)的虛擬形式。(2)在“Itis/was＋某些形容詞/過(guò)去分詞＋that從句”句型中，that從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”。這些形容詞有important,vital,significant,necessary,natural,strange,astonishing,surprising等。過(guò)去分詞有desired,suggested,required,requested,recommended,ordered等。(3)在“Itis(about/high)time＋that從句”中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式或“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這個(gè)句型中的should不可省略。(4)在asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的從句及wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had＋過(guò)去分詞”；與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/could＋動(dòng)詞原形”。(5)在wouldrather后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。時(shí)態(tài)Atfirst，XiaoMingdidn’tlike①schoolandwas①addictedtocomputergames.Everytimehismotherasked①himwhathewasdoing②beforegoingtobed，theanswerwasthathewasplaying②computergames.Hisfatherhadbeaten③himmanytimesbeforeXiaoMingwenttomiddleschool，soXiaoMingpromisedthathewouldstudy④hardandwouldn’tplaygames.However，XiaoMinghaschanged⑤alotinthepastthreeyears.Whenothersaskabouthim，hismotheralwaysanswers⑥proudly，“Heisdoinghomework⑦athome.Hehasbeenstudying⑧forseveralhours.”XiaoMingwillenter⑨agoodcollegeifhekeepsworkinghardlikethis.Maybeafter3yearshewillbestudying⑩inafamousuniversity.①是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去式形式。②是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋現(xiàn)在分詞。③是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：had＋過(guò)去分詞。④是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：would＋動(dòng)詞原形。⑤是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：has/have＋過(guò)去分詞。⑥是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱形式。⑦是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：am/is/are＋現(xiàn)在分詞。⑧是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/hasbeen＋現(xiàn)在分詞。⑨是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋動(dòng)詞原形。⑩是將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋be＋現(xiàn)在分詞。單句填空1.Arepresentativewho(see)hisperformancebeforethoughthecouldreplaceanotherstarwhointendedtoleave.

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8.TeafromChina,alongwithhersilkandporcelain(瓷器),begantobeknowntotheworldmorethanathousandyearsagoandsincethenit(be)animportantChineseexport.

9.It(become)separatedfromBritainandIrelandby6500BC.

【答案】1hadseen2hasbeen3are4invented5remains6willhelp7refused8hasbeen9hadbecome動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)CiaoMing’sCellphoneXiaoMing’scellphonewasbroken①byhisfatheryesterdayevening.Icouldn’tgetthroughtohimbecausethecellphonewasbeingrepaired②then.Beforethis，hiscellphonehadbeenbroken③fourtimesbecausehewascareless.XiaoMinglikedcellphonegamessomuchthathedidn’tstudyhard.Cellphonesarewidelyused④nowadays.However，manyofthemarebeingused⑤toplaygamesbyteenagers.Sofar，manyquestionshavebeenraised⑥bytheirparents.Shouldtheybeused⑦bystudents?XiaoMing’scellphonewillberepaired⑧wellsoon.MaybebynextSundaythecellphonewillhavebeenbrought⑨homeandwillbebeingused⑩toplaygamesagain.①是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般過(guò)去時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋過(guò)去分詞。②是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋being＋過(guò)去分詞。③是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：hadbeen＋過(guò)去分詞。④是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：is/am/are＋過(guò)去分詞。⑤是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：is/amare＋being＋過(guò)去分詞。⑥是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/hasbeen＋過(guò)去分詞。⑦是帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過(guò)去分詞。⑧是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般將來(lái)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋be＋過(guò)去分詞。⑨是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的將來(lái)完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋havebeen＋過(guò)去分詞。⑩是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋bebeing＋過(guò)去分詞。1．掌握獨(dú)特的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)標(biāo)志(1)題干中如用always，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。(2)題干中如用yesterday，lastnight，afewdaysago，theotherday等，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。(3)題干中如用tomorrow，nextyear，inaweek等，用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。(4)題干中如用now，atpresent等，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。(5)題干中如用atthattime，then，atsixo’clockyesterday等，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。(6)題干中如用atthistimetomorrow，from1o’clockto3o’clocktomorrow等，用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。(7)題干中如用since，sofar，uptonow，in/over/duringthelastyear/pastfewyears等，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2．熟記固定句型中的時(shí)態(tài)(1)bedoing...when...，when前面的句子常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，when后面的句子常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。(2)Itis/hasbeen＋時(shí)間段＋since...表示“自從……以來(lái)已……”，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。(3)祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句，陳述句常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。3．分清主動(dòng)被動(dòng)，辨析語(yǔ)態(tài)看到主語(yǔ)為物，且動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞，要想到用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4.不及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Anaccidenthappenedonthewayhomelastnightandfivepeoplewerekilled.昨晚在回家的路上發(fā)生了一起意外事故，死了五個(gè)人。Abigfirebrokeoutinourschoollastweek.上周我們學(xué)校發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)大火。5.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不可漏掉其中的介/副詞。如：Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer.夏天不應(yīng)該種樹(shù)。Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.這個(gè)男孩被他的同學(xué)取笑了。6.漢語(yǔ)有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示，構(gòu)成Itis＋done...形式。如：Itissaid/reportedthat...據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道……Itiswellknownthat...眾所周知Itmustbepointedoutthat...必須指出……Itmustbeadmittedthat...人們必須承認(rèn)……Itisgenerallyconsidered/supposed/hoped/believedthat...人們普遍認(rèn)為/希望/相信……Itisgenerallyconsideredthatthekeytolearningaforeignlanguagewellisnothingbutpractice.人們普遍認(rèn)為學(xué)好一門外語(yǔ)的關(guān)鍵就是練習(xí)。Itisreportedthatthetemperaturewilldeclinesharplyinoneortwodays.據(jù)報(bào)告，近兩日氣溫將明顯下降。6.下面的主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義。如：(1)feel/taste/smell/look/sound＋adj.Junkfoodtastesdeliciousbutitdoesn’tcontainenoughnutrition.垃圾食品吃起來(lái)美味但營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足。Yourideasoundswonderfulbutitisn’tpractical.你的想法聽(tīng)起來(lái)很棒但不切實(shí)際。(2)want/need/requiredoingThewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing.這扇窗戶需要修理。Yourcompositionstillrequirespolishingtobepublished.你的文章出版前還需潤(rùn)色。(3)wash/sell/write/read＋adv.Theclotheswasheswell.這些衣服很好洗。Hernewbookwasinterestingandsoldwell.她的新書很有趣并且賣得不錯(cuò)。隨堂練習(xí)1.Sincetheverybeginning,thetechnologicalbaseneededfor5G(consider).

2.Thesedamsaresometimessixorsevenhundredfeetinlength,andthey(construct)sodelicatelythattheylookmoreliketheworkofmanthanoflittledumbbeasts.

3.Later,Nelson(award)thePresidentialMedalofFreedominrecognitionofhiswork.

4.Overtheyearsthetopicswhichwerecontroversialatthetime(discuss)anddebated.

單句改錯(cuò)5.Everyoneofyouareencouragedtovisitit.

6.Thevoluntaryactivitywasofferedusanopportunitytocontributetooursociety.

7.Whenwearrived,wewerewarmlywelcomebythem.

8.Sincelastwinter,thesmoghasbeenoccurredalotoftimes.

【答案】1.hasbeenconsidered2.areconstructed3.wasawarded4.havebeendiscussed5.are→is6.刪除was7.welcome→welcomed8.刪除been主謂一致1.找準(zhǔn)句子中的主語(yǔ)，看主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。2.牢記特殊用法的結(jié)構(gòu)，用對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。3.注意結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。1．語(yǔ)法一致原則Ilive①inBeijingwhilemygirlfriendlives①inShanghai，andwehaven’t①seeneachotherforalongtime.Toseehereverydayis②mydream.WhatIwanttodois③giveupmypresentjobandworkinhercity.However，allmyrelativesexceptmyunclesupport④myidea.Someonetells⑤methatitisnotworthwhiletogiveupmyjob，whichbrings⑥me10,000yuaneverymonth.該原則要求謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與主語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法形式上保持一致，即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式則動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式則動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式：①根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)，來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。②主語(yǔ)是不定式或動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。③主語(yǔ)是從句，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。④主語(yǔ)后面跟有with，togetherwith，except，but，aswellas，ratherthan，besides，including等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞跟這些詞前面的主語(yǔ)一致。⑤主語(yǔ)為someone，anyone，everyone等不定代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往用單數(shù)。⑥定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。2．意義一致原則Ihavebeentravellingonabudgetforfourmonths.Fourmonthsis①notashorttime.Thoughalargenumberofpeopledon’t②understandme，themajorityofpeopleImetonmywayare③friendly.Theolddon’t④supportmycrazybehaviour，buttheyoungadmire④me.Atfirstmyfamilywere⑤worriedaboutme，butnowtheyhavebeenusedtothis.①表示時(shí)間、數(shù)量、長(zhǎng)度及價(jià)格的名詞，盡管有時(shí)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但常被看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。②“anumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。③themajorityof，therestof，分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)＋of＋名詞，要根據(jù)名詞的數(shù)或者是否可數(shù)來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。④“the＋adj.”往往表示一類人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。⑤family，group，team，class，government等集體名詞，當(dāng)其表示集體意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)其表示集體中各個(gè)組成部分，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。3．就近一致原則Thereare①manygirlshavingatasteforsweetfood，butneithermysisternorIam②interestedincandies.①here/there引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子而且主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，通常根據(jù)“就近一致”原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與離它最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。②由or，notonly...butalso...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常根據(jù)“就近一致”原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與離它最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。1．用and連接的并列主語(yǔ)，如果主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人，同一事，同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，否則用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Thepoetandwriterhascome.那位詩(shī)人兼作家來(lái)了。(一個(gè)人)Ahammerandasawareusefultools.錘子和鋸都是有用的工具。(兩樣物)注意：用and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體，如：breadandbutter(黃油抹面包)，knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。2．若主語(yǔ)中有morethanone或manya/an，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。但more＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋thanone作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Manyaboylikesplayingbasketball.許多男生都喜歡打籃球。Morethanonestudentwaslate.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到。Morepersonsthanonecometohelpus.不止一個(gè)人來(lái)幫助我們。3．形復(fù)意單名詞如：news；以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如：physics，mathematics，economics；國(guó)名如：theUnitedStates；報(bào)紙名如：theNewTimes；書名如：ArabianNights《天方夜譚》；以及theUnitedNations聯(lián)合國(guó)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。隨堂練習(xí)單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Theteacherandpoetoften(give)lecturesaroundthecity.2．Two-thirdsofthebooks(be)aboutscience.3．NobodybutJimandMike(be)ontheplaygroundnow.4．AsfarasIknow，hisfamilynotverylargebutthefamilyallmusiclovers.(be)5．Thepoor(be)lookeddownuponintheolddays.6．NeitherhisparentsnorI(be)abletopersuadehimtochangehismind.7．Listeningtoloudmusicandrockconcerts(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagerssofar.8．Barbaraiseasytorecognizeassheistheonlyoneofthewomenwho(wear)eveningdress.【答案】1.gives2.are3.is4.is，are5.were6.am7.hascaused8.wears單句語(yǔ)法填空1．“Thisreallyexcitesscientists，”CarlePieters，ascientistatBrownUniversity，says，“becauseit(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.”【答案】means考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)直接引語(yǔ)中的excites可判斷用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語(yǔ)是it，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。2．Often，onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.【答案】is考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。主語(yǔ)是asmallpart，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；此處說(shuō)明事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。隨堂練習(xí)一OnthetraditionalChineselunarcalendar,ayear1(divide)into24solarterms.Thesolarterms2(create)thousandsofyearsagotoguideagriculturalproduction.

WhiteDew(Bailu)isthe15thsolartermandindicatestherealbeginningofcoolautumn.Thetemperature3(decline)increasinglywiththewhitedewonthegrassandtreesseeninthemorning.InmanyplacesofChina,theairisclear,withtheskyingreatheightandthecloudsinpeace.Thegentlewindcanoften4(feel)blowing.

Backintheolddays,gatheringthewhitedewfromplants5(be)aChinesetradition.BencaoGangmu,aChineseherbologydocument,writtenbyLiShizhenover400yearsago6(say)thewhitedewcan7(use)asteawhich8(taste)sweetwithitspleasantsmellandhascoolingeffectsonthebodyandkeepspeoplehealthy.

InSouthernChina,peopletendtoeatlonganson9day.Theybelievethefruitcanbringgoodluck,makepeoplestaycalmandcuresometypicalconditions.

YutheGreatwasanadmiredrulerinancientChina,whowasfamousforcontrollingfloods,hisgovernanceoftheXiaDynasty,andhismoralcharacter.WhenitcomestoWhiteDeweveryyear,10(fisherman)inJiangsuandZhejiangprovinceswillholdaweek-longceremonytohonorYutheGreat,hopinghecanbringthemluckandwealth.

【答案】1.isdivided2.werecreated3.declines4.befelt5.was6.says7.beused8.tastes9.the10.fishermen二OnMarch28,seven1(month)afterManuGinobilidecidedtoretirefromtheNBA,theSanAntonioSpursheldamovingceremonysincerelytoshowgreatrespecttohimandtoretirehisjersey(球衣)No.20,which2(consider)afittingendtooneofthegreatestcareersininternationalbasketball.

Thatday,hisfans3(scream)out“GraciasManu,portodo”,or“Thanksforeverything,Manu”inEnglish.

TheArgentine-Italianshootingguardplayedall16ofhisNBAseasonswiththeSpurs.Hewasan4(importance)partofSanAntonio's“BigThree”era(時(shí)代),along5TimDuncanandTonyParker.TogethertheyhelpedtheteamwinfourNBAchampionshipsbetween2002and2014.

Ofcourseonthisbigday,Ginobili6(seat)betweenDuncanandParker.

“WheneverIthinkaboutyou,you7(be)uniqueasaplayer,”Parkersaidattheceremony.

TheircoachGreggPopovichthen8(explain)Ginobili'suniqueness.“Thewaytheteam9(set)up,weallneededeachother,”hesaid.“IfitwerenotforManu,there10(be)nochampionships.”

【答案】1.months2.wasconsidered3.screamed4.important5.with6.wasseated7.are8.explained9.wasset10.wouldbe三Designateda“CityofDesign”byUNESCOin2008,ShenzhenwasthefirstcityinChinatopresent1officialstrategyaroundcreativedevelopment.Thisled2thesuddenandtremendousgrowthofitsup-and-comingindustries.Sofarmodernplatforms3(take)theplaceoftraditionalfocuseswithawiderrangeofcreativeenterprisesfromsmartinfrastructuralconstructiontodesignandrobots.

Shenzhen4(be)acoastalcityontheeastbankofthePearlRiverHarbor,separatedfromHongKongbyanaturalriverborder.It5(recognise)astheyoungestcityofChina.Thoughit6(have)ahistoryof7,000years,itstruedevelopmentdidn'tstartuntil1980whenChina7(start)itsreformandopeningpolicy.Withitsenergyofyouth,Shenzhenhasdevelopedatanincrediblespeed.Afterbeingdesignatedasthe8(one)specialeconomiczoneinChina,whatwasonceafishingvillagehas9(rapid)becomeanemergingmoderncity.Inthepast30years,it10(change)fromanamelessfishtowntooneofthemostprosperouscitiesinChina.Today,Shenzhen'sspeedhasgatheredinternationalinfluence.

【答案】1.an2.to3.havetaken4.is5.isrecognised6.has7.started8.first9.rapidly10.haschanged三Oceanpollution1(be)serious.Itcan2(kill)oceancreaturesandevenharmhumans.It’svitaltofocusonthisissueandfindwaystopreventpollutioninourwaters.

Pollutionintheoceansseverely3(harm)seacreatures.Forexample,oceananimalsoftenmistakepiecesofplasticforfood.As4result,theirbellies5(fill)withplasticfrombottles,containersandbeachtoys.Thiscanbedeadlytotheanimals.

Oceanpollution6(cause)riskstohumans,too.Pollutedwatercanresult7diseaseamongswimmers.Also,peopleeatf