英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)各章節(jié)題目

千里之行，始于足下。第2頁(yè)/共2頁(yè)精品文檔推薦英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)各章節(jié)題目1.Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman__________

A.contact

B.communication

C.relation

D.community

2.Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary

A.tree

B.typewriter

C.crash

D.bang

3.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation

A.Transferability

B.Duality

C.Displacement

D.Arbitrariness

4.__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.

A.Performance

B.Competence

C.Langue

D.Parole

5.__________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.

A.Linguistictheory

B.Practicallinguistics

C.Comparativelinguistics

D.Appliedlinguistics

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.

6.Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.

7.Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.

8.Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.

9.F.deSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.

10.TheconventionalnatureoflanguageisillustratedbyafamousquotationfromShakespear’splayRomeoandJuliet:“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”.

11.Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.

III.Fillintheblanks.

12.Linguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage.

13.Modernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.

14.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________overwriting.

15.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa__________study.

16.Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.

17.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__________.

Explainthefollowingterms:

syntax

anthropologicallinguistics

ExplainHalliday'stheoryofmetafunctionsoflanguage.

Sounds

1.Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.

A.intonation

B.tone

C.pronunciation

D.voice

2.Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds

A.Acousticphonetics

B.Articulatoryphonetics

C.Auditoryphonetics

D.Noneoftheabove

3.Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation

A.[n]

B.[m]

C.[b]

D.[p]

4.Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels

A.[i:]

B.[u]

C.[e]

D.[i]

5.Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating

A.Voiceless

B.Voiced

C.Glottalstop

D.Consonant

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.

6.Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.

7.[p]isavoicedbilabialstop.

8.Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.

9.Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedintolongvs.shortortensevs.lax.

10.InEnglish,allthebackvowelsarerounded.

11.InEnglish,allthefrontvowelsandthecentralvowelsareunrounded.

III.Fillintheblanks.

12.Accordingtothefeatureofvoicing,consonantsoundscanbeeither__________or__________,whileallvowelsoundsare__________.

13.Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout__________.

14.Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail/veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/.Thisisanexampleforillustrating__________.

15.InEnglishthereareanumberof__________,whichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.

takesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthe__________comingfromthelungs.

17.Writethesymbolthatcorrespondstoeachofthefollowingphoneticdescriptions;thengiveanEnglishwordthatcontainsthissound.Example:voicedalveolarstop[d]dog.

(1)voicelessbilabialunaspiratedstop

(2)lowfrontvowel

(3)lateralliquid

(4)velarnasal

(5)voicedinterdentalfricative

1.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas__________.

A.contentwords

B.grammaticalwords

C.functionwords

D.formwords

2.Morphemesthatrepresenttense,number,genderandcasearecalled__________morpheme.

A.inflectional

B.free

C.bound

D.derivational

3.Thereare__________morphemesintheworddenationalization.

A.three

B.four

C.five

D.six

4.InEnglish–iseand–tionarecalled__________.

A.prefixes

B.suffixes

C.infixes

D.stems

5.Thethreesubtypesofaffixesare:prefix,suffixand__________.

A.derivationalaffix

B.inflectionalaffix

C.infix

D.back-formation

6.__________isawayinwhichnewwordsmaybeformedfromalreadyexistingwordsbysubtractinganaffixwhichisthoughttobepartoftheoldword.

A.affixation

B.back-formation

C.insertion

D.addition

7.ThewordDINKisformedinthewayof__________.

A.acronymy

B.clipping

C.compounding

D.blending

8.Thewordslikesmogandmotelareformedby__________.

A.blending

B.clipping

C.back-formation

D.acronymy

II.Fillintheblanks.

9.Asmallsetofconjunctions,prepositionsandpronounsbelongto__________class,whilethelargestpartofnouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbsbelongsto__________class.

10.__________isareverseprocessofderivation,andthereforeisaprocessofshortening.

11.__________isextremelyproductive,becauseEnglishhadlostmostofitsinflectionalendingsbytheendofMiddleEnglishperiod,whichfacilitatedtheuseofwordsinterchangeablyasverbsornouns,verbsoradjectives,andviceversa.

12.Awordformedbyderivationiscalleda__________,andawordformedbycompoundingiscalleda__________.

13.Boundmorphemesareclassifiedintotwotypes:__________and__________.

Explainthefollowingterm,usingexamples.

Allomorph

Inflection

Boundroot

1.Thesentencestructureis________.

A.onlylinear

B.onlyhierarchical

C.complex

D.bothlinearandhierarchical

2.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare____innumber.

A.large

B.small

C.finite

D.infinite

3.Asentenceisconsidered____whenitdoesnotconformtothegrammaticalknowledgeinthemindofnativespeakers.

A.right

B.wrong

C.grammatical

D.ungrammatical

4.A__________intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.

A.coordinator

B.particle

C.preposition

D.subordinator

5.Phrasestructurerulesallowustobetterunderstand_____________.

A.howwordsandphrasesformsentences.

B.whatconstitutesthegrammaticalityofstringsofwords

C.howpeopleproduceandrecognizepossiblesentences

D.alloftheabove.

6.Thephrase“ontheshelf”belongsto__________construction.

A.endocentric

B.exocentric

C.subordinate

D.coordinateII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)

12.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,butthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.

13.Inacomplexsentence,thetwoclausesholdunequalstatus,onesubordinatingtheother.

14.Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithoutlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.

16.InEnglishsyntacticanalysis,fourphrasalcategoriesarecommonlyrecognizedanddiscussed,namely,nounphrase,verbphrase,infinitivephrase,andauxiliaryphrase.

17.InEnglishthesubjectusuallyprecedestheverbandthedirectobjectusuallyfollowstheverb.

III.Fillintheblanks.(20%)

21.A__________sentenceconsistsofasingleclausewhichcontainsasubjectand

apredicateandstandsaloneasitsownsentence.

23.A__________maybeanounoranounphraseinasentencethatusuallyprecedesthepredicate.

24.Thepartofasentencewhichcomprisesafiniteverboraverbphraseandwhichsayssomethingaboutthesubjectisgrammaticallycalled__________.

25.A__________sentencecontainstwo,ormore,clauses,oneofwhichis

incorporatedintotheother.

Explaintheterm"ICanalysis".

Explainthethreetypesofsyntacticrelations

Distinguishthetwopossiblemeaningsof“morebeautifulflowers”

37.Drawatreediagramofthesentence:

Thestudentwrotealetteryesterday.

1.Accordingtothe“semantictriangle”presentedbyOgdenandRichards,thesymbolor________referstothelinguisticelements(words,sentences,etc.),the___________referstotheobjectintheworldofexperienceandthethoughtorreferencereferstoconcept.

2.__________analysisisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedividedintomeaningcomponents.

3.Thesemanticcomponentoftheword_________are+Human,+Adult,+male,-Married.

4.________oppositesmaybeseenintermsofdegreesofthequalityinvolved.

5.Wecalltherelationbetween“animal”and“cow”as___________.

A.polysemy

B.antonymy

C.homophony

D.hyponymy

6.Thepairofwords“wide/narrow”arecalled__________.

A.gradableopposites

B.complementaryantonyms

C.co-hyponyms

D.relationalopposites

7.Whatisthemeaningrelationshipbetweenthetwowords“rose/tulip”

A.polysemy

B.hyponymy

C.homophony

D.co-hyponyms

8.Awordwithseveralmeaningiscalled___________.

A.anabnormalword

B.apolysemicword

C.asynonymousword

D.Noneoftheabove

9.“Wordsarenamesorlabelsforthings.”Thisviewiscalled_________insemantictheory.A.mentalismB.conceptualismC.namingtheoryD.contexualism

10.Thepairofwords“borrow/lend”arecalled__________.

A.relationalopposites

B.synonyms

C.complementaries

D.gradableopposites

11.Whichdescriptionofcomponentialanalysisfortheword“woman”isright

A.+human,-adult,-male

B.+human,+adult,-male

C.+human,+adult,+male

D.+human,-adult,+male

12.Whatisthemeaningrelationshipbetweenthetwowords“flower/tulip”

A.Polysemy

B.Homonymy

C.Hyponymy

D.Antonymy

13.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“man”canbeexpressedas________.

A.+human,+male,-adult

B.+human,-male,-adult

C.+human,+male,+adult

D.+human,-male,+adult

Explainthefollowingterm,usingexamples.

1)Componentialanalysis

2)Semantictriangle

Explainthethreekindsofantonymy.

1.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning_________isconsidered.

A.reference

B.speechact

C.practicalusage

D.context

2.Asentenceisa_________concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.

A.pragmatic

B.grammatical

C.mental

D.conceptual

3.Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesa(n)_________.

A.constative

B.directive

C.utterance

D.expressive

4.__________istheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething;itistheconsequenceof,orthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance.

A.Alocutionaryact

B.Anillocutionaryact

C.Aperlocutionaryact

D.Aperformativeact

5.AccordingtoSearle,theillocutionarypointoftherepresentativeis______.

A.togetthehearertodosomething

B.tocommitthespeakertosomething’sbeingthecase

C.tocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofaction

D.toexpressthefeelingsorattitudetowardsanexistingstateofaffairs

6.Alltheactsthatbelongtothesamecategorysharethesamepurpose,buttheydiffer__________.

A.intheirillocutionaryacts

B.intheirintentionsexpressed

C.intheirstrengthorforce

D.intheireffectbroughtabout

7.Whenanyofthemaximsunderthecooperativeprincipleisflouted,_______mightarise.

A.impoliteness

B.contradictions

C.mutualunderstanding

D.conversationalimplicatures

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.

8.Pragmaticstreatsthemeaningoflanguageassomethingintrinsicandinherent.

9.Itwouldbeimpossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningifthecontextoflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.

10.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.

11.Themeaningofasentenceisabstract,butcontext-dependent.

12.Themeaningofanutteranceisdecontexualized,thereforestable.

13.Utterancesalwaystaketheformofcompletesentences

14.SpeechacttheorywasoriginatedwiththeBritishphilosopherJohnSearle.

15.__________werestatementsthateitherstateordescribe,andwerethusverifiable.

16.__________weresentencesthatdidnotstateafactordescribeastate,andwerenotverifiable.

17.A(n)__________actistheactofutteringwords,phrases,clauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.

18.A(n)__________actistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething.

19.A(n)_________iscommitthespeakerhimselftosomefuturecourseofaction.

20.A(n)________istoexpressfeelingsorattitudetowardsanexistingstate.

21.Therearefourmaximsunderthecooperativeprinciple:themaximof__________,themaximofquality,themaximofrelationandthemaximofmanner.IVAnalyzetheimplicaturesinthedialogues

1)A:Canyouanswerthephone

B:I’minthebath.

2)A:Ihavetoleavenow.

B:It’sraininghardoutside.

V.Whattypeofillocutionaryactdothefollowingutterancesinvolve

1)‘Isuggestthatyouseeadentistassoonaspossible.’

2)‘IwillpayyouthemoneyIoweyounexttime.’

3)‘PassengersareremindedthatflightNo.2284leaveshereat7:00sharp.’

4)‘Shutup!Leavemealone!’

5)‘I’mverysorrytohearthatyou’vejustlostyourpetdog.’

studyof_isSyntax.

Atextualorganization

Bsentencestructures

Cwordformation

Dlanguagefunctions

ofthefollowingisNOTadistinctivefeatureofhumanlanguage

Aarbitrariness

Bproductivity

Cculturaltransmission

Dfiniteness

speechacttheorywasfirstputforwardby_.

AJohnScarl

BJohanAustin

CNoamChomsky

DHalliday

studyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaninginconditionis_.

Amorphology

Bgenerallinguistics

Cphonology

Dsemantics

ofthefollowingisNOTacompoundword

ALandlady

BGreenhouse

CUplift

DUnacceptable

wordholidayoriginallymeantholyday;butnowthewordsignifiesanywhichwedon’thavetowork.Thisisanexampleof

Ameaningshift

Bwideningofmeaning

Cnarrowingofmeaning

Dlossofmeaningessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsisthenotionof___

A.reference

B.meaning

C.antonymy

D.context

words"kid,child,offspring”areexamplesof___

A.dialectalsynonyms

B.stylisticsynonyms

C.emotivesynonyms

D.collocationalsynonyms

distinctionbetweenparoleandlanguewasmadeby____

A.Halliday

B.Chomsky

C.Bloomfield

D.Saussure

referstothestudyoftheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesofwordformation.A.PhonologyB.MorphologyC.SemanticsD.Sociolinguistics

distinctivefeaturesofaspeechvarietymaybeallthefollowingEXCEPT

A.lexical

B.syntactic

C.phonological

D.psycholinguistic

wordtailoncereferredto“thetailofahorse”,butnowitisusedtomean“thetailofanyanimal.”Thisisanexampleof

A.wideningofmeaning

B.narrowingofmeaning

C.meaningshift

D.lossofmeaning

ofthefollowingisNOTadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage

A.Arbitrariness

B.Displacement.

C.Duality.

D.Diachronicity.

typeofsentenceis"Marklikesfiction,butTimisinterestedinpoetry"

A.Asimplesentence.

B.Acoordinatesentence.

C.Acomplexsentence.

D.Noneoftheabove.

phenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameformiscalled___

A.hyponymy.

B.synonymy.

C.polysemy.

D.homonymy.

16.Thestudyofthementalprocessesoflanguagecomprehensionandproductionis____

A.corpuslinguistics.

B.sociolinguistics.

C.theoreticallinguistics.

D.psycholinguistics.

speciallanguagevarietythatmixeslanguagesandisusedbyspeakersofdifferentlanguagesforpurposesoftradingiscalled()

A.dialect.

B.idiolect.

C.pidgin.

D.register.

aspeakerexpresseshisintentionofspeaking,suchasaskingsomeonetoopenthewindow,heisperforming____

A.anillocutionaryact.

B.aperlocutionaryact.

C.alocutionaryact.

D.noneoftheabove.

19._____referstothelearninganddevelopmentofalanguage.

A.Languageacquisition

B.Languagecomprehension

C.Languageproduction

D.Languageinstruction

word“'Motel”comesfrom“motor+hotel”.Thisisanexampleof_____inmorphology.A.backformationB.conversionC.blendingD.acronym

isthetoolofcommunication.Thesymbol“'HighwayClosed”onahighwayserves()A.anexpressivefunction.B.aninformativefunction.

C.