語法填空專題高考英語

專題一定語從句I.典題呈現(xiàn)NewYearcoming,IhavemanyfriendstoIamgoingtosendpostcards.Iwillgotothecountrysidetoseemygrandparents,withIwillspendthewholesummervacation.【要點】定語從句關(guān)系代詞中，能和介詞連用的只有兩個，分別是、。ThepersonIwanttotalkaboutwithyouisTuYouyou,theonewontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein2015.Thoseareoftenlateforclassshouldbewarnedfirst.Iftheypromisetobepunctualnexttime,weshouldbelieveit.Anyoneisquick-mindedshouldalsobecarefulwiththeirhandwriting,becausebeautifulhandwritingcaninvisiblyincreaseyourscores.【要點】定語從句關(guān)系代詞that和who中，能和指“人"的不定代詞(anyone,someone,those等)連用的為。Theschoolshop,customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.Idon,twanttoputupforthenightinthissmallinn,windowsareshabbyandit'stoocoldtolivethere.【要點】定語從句中關(guān)系代詞whose可以代指—或;在句子中充當(dāng)成分。Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething__wassomeoneelse,sfault.Heisasocialboy.Anythinghappenssurroundinghimcaneasilydistracthisconcentration.Hereallyneedstocalmdown.【要點】定語從句關(guān)系代詞中，能和指“物”的不定代詞(something,anything等)連用的為。ThefirstplacetheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill,andtheythinkitfascinating.TheonlypartofthemealIreallylikedwasthedessert.Idon,tlikethesoup,becauseitwastoosalty.Shineoncesaidjokingly,“Heisthelastman Iwanttomarryintheworld”.【要點】限定性定語從句中，中心詞(指物而有序數(shù)詞、最高級、theonly等修飾時，關(guān)系代詞選擇。Theywillneverforgetthethingsandpersonstheyhaveseenorheardofduringtheirlongjourney.【要點】限定性定語從句關(guān)系代詞that和which中，中心詞出現(xiàn)“人物并存”的情況時，關(guān)系代詞選擇。Heistheonlypersonto IcanturnforhelpwhenIamintrouble.Iknowhewillcomeandhelp.Mr.Andersonwasabsentfromthemeeting.Doesanybodyknowthereasonforhedidn,tattendthemeeting?【要點】定語從句中的，能和“適當(dāng)介詞''連用的關(guān)系代詞有。Therearesomeoccasionsyouneedtowearsuitstotakepartinsomesocialactivities,suchasweddingsandparties.Therearesometimes Ifeeldepressed,butingeneralIamanoutgoingboy.【要點】定語從句中心詞表示“時間概念”、且定語從句缺少關(guān)系副詞時，關(guān)系副詞選擇SuchmachinesareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.Itisexpensivetoimportmachinesabroad.【要點】限定性定語從句中，中心詞前面有“such,so,as,thesame”修飾時，關(guān)系代詞選擇weallknow,heisadiligentstudent.Heknowswhereheisandwhereheshouldgo.Hepreparedwellenough,andsucceededinpassingthetest,weexpected.【要點】非限定性定語從句中，能放到句首、且有‘正如”的意思的關(guān)系代詞是。OppositeisSt.Paul,sChurch,youcanhearsomelovelymusic.ThisisthemountainvillageIvisitedlastyearandithaschangedbeyondrecognition.【要點】定語從句中，中心詞表示地點時，關(guān)系詞的選擇依而定。IwillneverforgetthedaymyfatherreturnedfromtheUSandIamhappythathecansendmetoschooleverymorning.Hewillmissthedayshespentthere.【要點】定語從句中，中心詞表示時間時，關(guān)系詞的選擇依而定。Heisanill-manneredmanandIdon,tlikethewayhespeaktome.Mymotherisverystrict,andIadmireherforthewayherparentstreather.【要點】限定性定語從句中，theway做中心詞時、從句缺方式狀語的情況下，引導(dǎo)詞一般常用。Hehasalotoffriends,noneofwillofferhelpwhenheisintrouble.Rather,Ihavejusttwofriends,andbothofwillcometomyassistancewhennecessary.Twoisenough.【要點】大家注意并列句和非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別：由并列連詞“and,but等”連接的為Hisheadsoonspreadoutofthewindow,fromhesawnothingbuttrees.Hespent2hoursclimbingtothetopofthemountain,fromhecouldseeabeautifulscene.Hebegantopractisethepianoat6,sincehistalentforithasbecomemoreandmoreevident.【要點】少數(shù)情景下，會出現(xiàn)“fromwhere”“sincewhen”的現(xiàn)象，建議單獨記憶。Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswho(be)abletocomeupwiththesolution.JustinBieberisoneofthesingerswho(impress)mealot.【要點】限定性定語從句的謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要依而定。II.對點通關(guān)、回歸高考Maybeyouhaveahabitisdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Tibetissuchaplaceallthepeopleacrosstheworldaredreamingofvisiting.Manyyoungpeople,mostofwerewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.Thebooksonthedesk,coversareshiny,areprizesforus.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitecaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeachwewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarketpeoplefromthetownsmetregularly.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,theweathermaybebetter.Iamlookingformyglasses,andwithoutIcan’twatchTVclearly.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,butnoneofhasbeenproved.Thechildren,allofwhichhadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.(改錯)m.定語從句在寫作中的應(yīng)用.那些學(xué)習(xí)成績優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生往往能很好地管理自己的時間，而且擅長寫學(xué)習(xí)日志。（thosewho,academicperformance,notonly,butalso,organizetheirtime,keepastudyjournal).既然金錢如此重要，我們往往認為有錢的人很重要。（since,consider,thosewho,possess,tobeveryimportant）.我深深的愛著我的校園，在這里到處可見和藹的老師、友好的同學(xué)和多種多樣的野生動植物。(fallindeeplovewith,where,diversewildlife)N.定語從句和生活Lifeinhighschoolisbusy.Everybodyseemstohaveendlesshomeworktofinish.Togetagoodacademicperformance,itisstronglyrecommendedthatyoushouldlearntoorganizeyourtimewell.Thosethatjustfinishtheexerciseswithoutenoughthinkingseemtofinditdifficulttomakegreatprogress.Rather,youcandefinitelyimproveveryfastifyouuseyourtimeefficiently.Focusonthethingsareimportantandnecessaryandyoucanbuildmoreandmoreconfidence.（請找出以上文本中的語言錯誤，數(shù)量不限。）V.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞把以下句子合并。Peterdancedandsangallevening.PeopleusedtothinkPeterwasquiet.Thetwotrafficaccidentshappenedonthesamemorning.Thentherewasaheavyfog.Hewentonabustourwithagroupofpeople.Mostofthemhadnevertravelledbefore.Sharongavemeapictureformybirthday.Shehadpainteditespeciallyforme.WhenIwentonatouraroundChina,Isawmanyhistoricalsites.Itwasveryexciting.專題二名詞性從句.典題呈現(xiàn)It,struethecollegewilltakeinmorenewstudents.I,mwritingtotellyoumyuncleLiMingisgoingtoyourcityforaconference.Theendresultiswefeellikewecan,tfocusorthatwe,refocusedonthewrongthings.【要點】在名詞性從句中，that（有/沒有）具體意思，只起 作用，（能/不能）省略。Hisquestionistheycanbefriends,becausetheirpersonalitiesaretotallydifferent.Hehasn,tmadethedecisionhewillgotheretomorrowbecauseheistoobusyrecently.【要點】引導(dǎo)表語從句時用，不用；引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，用,不用。Itwasneverclearthemanhadn'treportedtheaccidentsooner.Justrelax!Theplanewilldefinitelysetoff.Butthedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsontheweather.Scientistsstudyhumanbrainsworktomakecomputers.Therefore,theyfunctionsimilarly.Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid,“ThafsIwasborn.”【要點】名詞從句中根據(jù)句子的意思選擇相應(yīng)的證詞。Itisnecessaryweshouldlearnallthewordsbyheart.ItisknowntoallTaiwanisonlypartofChina.ItisapityImissedthepartyheldlastnight.ItsuddenlyoccurredtomeIknewhowtosolvethatproblem.【要點】在以上句型中是真正的主語，是形式主語。Ourschoolisquitedifferentfromitwasbefore.mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.ThisisIaminterestedin.【要點】在以上句型中,what既起 作用，又要充當(dāng)/ /等，它有具體含義。Idon,tknowtoleaveornot.Everythingdependsonitisfinetomorrow.Iamnotsurehewillcomehere.【要點】whether和if區(qū)別：引導(dǎo)賓從時與不定式搭配使用作賓語時只能用；引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句時只能用whether,不用if。Itisstillunderdiscussiontheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.wewillsucceedisstillaquestion,becauseouropponentsarealsostrong.【要點】whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)主從，但是引導(dǎo)的主從不能位于句首。Ihateitwecan,tdiscussthingsopenly.Ireallyappreciateityoucandomethisfavor.Idon,tlikeityougetangry.Shewon,tlikeityouarrivelate.Youmaydependonitshewillgowithyou.【要點】有些動詞或動詞短語如： / / /或一般不直接跟從句，需要借助代指真正的賓語，真正的賓語是由 / /引導(dǎo)的從句。Weconsideritpossibleheisillbecausehehasaskedfortwodays,leave.Ifeelitapityshecan,tcome.Wecouldhavegoneforapicnictogether.Hemadeitclearheobjectedtotheplanandsuggestedthatweshouldmakesomenecessaryadjustments.【要點】一些及物動詞如：think/believe/consider/feel等引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，賓語可以后置，用―做形式賓語。Thereasonhecanbeadmittedintoakeyuniversityissheworksharderthanothers.Hedoesnotliketorelyonotherstohelphim.That,shecandoitbyhimself.【要點】"Thereasonwhy…is”結(jié)構(gòu)中后用而不用becauseoItisalreadygettingdark.Idoubthewillcomebackontime.Hecanarrangehistimeverywell.Idon,tdoubthecanfinishthetaskontime.Heispatient,persistent,andintelligent.Ihavenodoubthewillsucceed.【要點】在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接或引導(dǎo)的從句；在否定句和疑問句中，doubt后面接引導(dǎo)的從句。Myadviceisthatyou(think)itoverbeforeyoumakeadecision.Hissuggestionisthatwe(do)ourworkmorecarefully.Hisdemandwasthatthesystem.(adjust)【要點】表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞如：advice、order、demand、proposal、suggestion>request、requirement、desire等的表語從句，從句中的謂語動詞要用“()+動詞原形”虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)。hewillcomeandhelpusiscertain,asheisalwayssuchareliableperson.Hesaidthebookwasveryinterestingandthatallthechildrenlikedtoreadit.Thewayhetoldmeisverypractical.【要點】that在名詞性從句中只起連接作用沒有任何含義，而在定語從句中要充當(dāng)句子成分，如：//等。Heisverydifficulttogetalongwith.Healwaysthinkshesaysisright.Hi,everybody.Teswillbewelcomed.It,sdinnertimeandrestaurantsareoccupied.We,lleatatrestauranthasafreetable.TrustmeandI'llstandbyyouhappens.【要點】whatever表示“不論什么都……”，相當(dāng)于anythingthat，常用來引導(dǎo)從句和從句，在從句中可用作主語、賓語或定語；whoever表示“不論誰都……”，相當(dāng)于，常用來引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句;whichever表示“不論哪個都……”；whatever,whoever,whichever除了用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句外，還可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，分別相當(dāng)于,,。.對點通關(guān)、回歸高考Ican,tdecidedictionaryIshouldbuy.Thafsherefusedmyinvitation.Iamveryinterestedinhehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.4.weneedismoretime.Thefactshehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.andtheywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.Pleasetellmeyouarewaitingfor.Isthatyouarelookingfor?Wouldyoupleasetellmethenearestpostofficeis?Idon,tknowhewillagreetotheplanornot.Thequestionisthefilmisworthseeing.DoyoudoubtIbelieveyou?Thismuseumisnotitwastenyearsago.Thereasonforhissuccessisheworkshard.Shedresseswell,butthetroubleistheclothessheiswearingdon,tgowitheachotherverywell.Thesuggestionstudentsshouldlearnsomepracticalknowledgeisworthconsidering.Itdependsonwehaveenoughtime.YouhavenoideaanxiousIhavebeenforhersafety.Nowwecanseeaseriousproblemthepopulationis.Iwanttobuysomestamps.Canyoutellmethere,sapostofficenearhere?There,ssomedoubtshewillbeabletorepaythemoneyontime.Myradiodoesn,twork.Idon,tknowisthetrouble.hedoesn'tlikethemisveryclear.Choosingtherightdictionarydependsonyouwantuseitfor.Thefiredestroyedwasinthebuilding.m.名詞性從句在寫作中的應(yīng)用根據(jù)以下信息，用五句話寫一篇連貫的短文，盡可能運用名詞性從句。李紅給我寫了一封信。在信中她說已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了新學(xué)校的生活。上周末她們?nèi)チ艘粋€叫卡巴(Karba)的地方。在那里看到的一切令她難忘。但她不能理解的是為什么有人不喜歡那里的文化。她還表達了一個愿望:我們經(jīng)常給她寫信。IV.名詞性從句和生活I(lǐng)don,tknow1.youhavenoticedthatsomestudentsdon,twanttowalktoschool.2.canbeseeneverydaythattheirparentsdrivethemtoschool.Butnowadays,whatweshouldrealizeis3.theairisseriouslypolluted.Doyouknow4.wecandoaboutit?Ithink5.importantthatweshouldtakeactionrightnow.HereIhaveasuggestionthatwe6.(ride)onourbikestoschool!7.wecandoitwillnotonlyhavesignificantbenefitsforourhealth,butalsohelpimproveourenvironment.Whetherwewillhaveabetterenvironmentdependson8.wecandoforourselvesandfornature.專題三并列句和狀語從句I.典題呈現(xiàn)Theearthisoneofthesun,splanets,themoonisoursatellite.TomorrowisSunday.Youcanhavearestathomeyoucangotothecinema.Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.【要點】并列句中連詞的選擇要依靠而定。—Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices.—一Thefirsttwoarefreethethirdcosts$30.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedwasfifty,anumberofthemwereabsentfordifferentreasons.【要點】連詞表示對比，強調(diào)對比關(guān)系，意為“然而；而”。OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekendawaymydaughterheardcriesforhelp.Wewereabouttostartitbegantorain.Hewasonthepointofleavingsomeoneknockedatthedoor.shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkhermotheraskedhertopracticeplayingthepianoyesterday.【要點】時間狀語從句中，表示“突然”。Pleasedon,ttalksoloudothersareworking.Iwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.Ilivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.timegoeson,it,sgettingwarmerandwarmer.【要點】when,while,as三者區(qū)別：三者引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，只能和進行時態(tài)連用的是;既可以和進行時，又可以和過去時連用的是;可以翻譯成“隨著”的是。Findwaystopractiseyourchildrenoften,you,llfindtheywillopentheirheartstoyou.Hurryup,you,llbelateforschool.OnemorehourandI(be)abletogetmyhouseworkfinished.WorkhardatEnglishinaproperway,youwillfinditnothardtostudy.【要點】本句型為：祈使句+適當(dāng)連詞(and,but,or,otherwise)+陳述句。其中陳述句常用時態(tài)。Hotthenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.Childheis,heknowstohelpother.MuchIlikeParis,Icouldn'tlivethere.【要點】連詞as引導(dǎo)從句、翻譯成時，從句的表語、狀語、謂語動詞需要提前;連詞though引起倒裝時，用法和as引起的倒裝用法;although不能引起倒裝。regularexerciseisveryimportant,it,sneveragoodideatoexercisetooclosetobedtime.mymotherlovesmeverymuch,sheisverystrictwithme.【要點】同上。Nomatterbusyyouare,youshouldsetasidehalfanhourtotakeexercise.=busyyouare,youshouldsetasidehalfanhourtotakeexercise.Nomatterhappened,hewouldnotmindit.=happened,hewouldnotmindit.Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.=youare,youmustkeepthelaw.【要點】在以上例句中，nomatter+疑問詞/-ever類詞均引導(dǎo)狀語從句。Justmakeyourselfathomeandeatyoulike.isondutytodayshouldcleantheblackboard.Wewilleatinarestaurantthisweekend.AndImakeanagreementthatarriveslastwillpaythebill.【要點】在以上例句中，-ever類詞均引導(dǎo)從句。顯而易見，-ever類詞的功能較強大。Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightswesawland.Jasonwastooweak.Wehadn,trunamilehefelttired.ItwillbehalfayearIcomeback,duringwhichtimeyouhavetotakegoodcareofyourself.Ihavetosaygoodbyenow,butIbelievethatitwon,tbelongbeforewemeetagain.【要點】連詞的翻譯方式較多，如：“還未…就…；不到…就…；…才…；還沒來得及…就…”。I(write)homefourtimessinceIcamehere.She(work)inthisfactorysincesheleftschool.It(be)oneyearsinceIbegantosmoke.It(be)oneyearsinceIsmoked.【要點】連詞since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，常用時態(tài)；主句常用或時態(tài)。追加問題：3.4例句的意思有區(qū)別嗎？Ihadhardlygothomeitbegantorain.hadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.Wehadnosoonerarrivedatthestationthetrainleft.Nohadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.要點：表示“一…就…”的常見搭配有：...nosooner和...hardly/scarcely...。結(jié)構(gòu)中主句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用時態(tài)，而than與when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用時態(tài)。當(dāng)nosooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首時，其所在的主句應(yīng)用語序。Every/EachtimewhenIwasintrouble,hewouldcometohelpmeout.(改錯)Nexttimewhenyoucome,doremembertobringyoursonhere.(改錯)ThelasttimewhenshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.(改錯)【要點】Everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thelasttime,anytime等名詞短語可以"充當(dāng)''連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。請記住，一個從句用個引導(dǎo)詞即可！I,llspeakslowlysoyoucanunderstandme.Inorderwemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeakearly.【要點】inorderthat,sothat意為“以便…；為了…”引導(dǎo)狀語從句。IgraduatedfromCambridgeUniversityIwas22yearsold.IgraduatedfromCambridgeUniversitylastsummer,Iwas22yearsold.Chinaisnowatastageofacceleratedindustrializationandurbanizationthecontradictionbetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentalprotectionisparticularlyprominent.【要點】When引導(dǎo)定語從句和時間狀語從句的區(qū)別：若when引導(dǎo)定語從句,when前面必然有表示的名詞，即先行詞;若when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,則其前面沒有表示時間的名詞同時，從句可以置于主句之后，也可以置于主句之前。thereisawill,thereisaway.Thereisneverpeacewheremenare(greed).【要點】where還可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，其語法功能相當(dāng)于連詞短語onconditionthat,aslongas等。WewillhaveapicnicintheparkthisSundayitrainsorit,sverycold.You,llfailtheexamyoustudyhard(=ifyoudon,tstudyhard).【要點】Unless從句的謂語動詞只能用(肯定式/否定式)；unless和if...not同義，可互換。Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeforfearhisfathermightseehim.Marydidn,twanttogetoutofbedforfear shemightwakeherbabyup.【要點】forfear表示擔(dān)心某事會發(fā)生一It,scloudyoutside.Takeyourraincoatincaseit(rain).(=itshouldrain).Itwascloudyoutside.Hetookanumbrellaincaseof(rain).【要點】表示“以防(萬一)”出現(xiàn)某種情況，后面接目的狀語從句。表示“以防(萬一)”，后面接名詞。Weturneduptheradio,sothateveryone(hear)thenews.He(work)hardathislessons,sothathegainedhighgradesintheexams.Heworkedhardathislessonssohecouldgainhighgradesintheexams.【要點】sothat既可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，又可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句中常會有情態(tài)動詞can,could,may,might,will,would等,而引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句中一般沒有情態(tài)動詞，且前面有逗號隔開。Mikeisanhonestworkerthatweallbelieveinhim.=Mikeishonestaworkerthatweallbelieveinhim.Heearnedsofewmoneythathecouldn'tsupporthisfamily.(改錯)cleverastudentwashethathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultquestions.【要點】such…that../so…that…區(qū)別：so+形容詞/副詞；such+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。此時，恰當(dāng)斷句很重要。TheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchairhewantedtositnexttohiswife.everyoneishere,let,sbeginourmeeting.hedidn,tknowmuchEnglish,helookedupthewordinthedictionary.一Whydidn,tyouanswermyphonejustnow?—： Iwascookinginthekitchenanditwastoonoisy.【要點】because/as/since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的區(qū)別：用來回答why的提問，語氣最強。表示既然或已知的理由，稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首。引導(dǎo)的從句常放在句首，說明次要的原因，主句說明結(jié)果，常用于口語中。Theplanhasbeenmade.Youjustdoyouaretoldto.Takearestnowandleavethetableitis.Iwilldothecleaninglater.【要點】引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，意為“按照”。Jackwasn,tsayinganythingbuttheteachersmiledathimasifhe(do)somethingveryclever.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhe(be)herownson.IfeeluneasyandIfeelasifIhaveafever.【要點】Asif/asthough引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，一般用語氣，但如果從句中所陳述的情況很可能實現(xiàn)，也可用語氣。30.Hedoesn,trunfastasJack(does).Yourpenwritessmoothlyasmine.【要點】as...as;notso/as...as表示同程度級的比較。n,對點通關(guān)，回歸高考Count,butneverstopyoufindthetenth.Thereareseveralreasonsforsleep.Wesleepweneedtodream.therearenoconclusiveevidence,mostpeoplethoughthewasguilty.Moreandmorepeoplearewillingtoshoponlinetogetwhattheywant,andIamoneofthem.Ijustcan,thelpbuyingthingsIneedthemornot.wearesatisfiedwithonlyafewruleswehavememorized,wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.hehasdecidedtocometoseeyou,whendoyouthinkhewillcome?Allowchildrenspacetovoicetheiropinionseventheyaredifferentfromyours.Motheroftenremindsmethatthebestthingonecandoitisrainingistoletitrain.Actually,theLondonOlympicparkisbuiltthereusedtobeapoorarecalledEastLondon.Anymeasureofanad,sperformanceisentirelypointlessitcouldbeviewedbyaperson.m.單句改錯Ihopeyou,llsoonfeelcalmorcarryontoachieveyourgoal.Notonlydidwetakeabreakfromourheavyschoolwork,municatewitheachother.WhenIwasontheplatform,andIwassonervousthatmuchsweatwasonmyforehead.Success,toagreatextent,canbeinfluencedbyluck,andthisisnottosayluckisanaccident.OneMondayafternoon,wewereplayingbasketballintheplaygroundwhileIsuddenlyslippedandfellover.Whenwegotthere,thefirefighterswelcomedusbutledusintoanexhibitionhall.IhaveanAmericanfriend,Marianne,shelivesalonebuthasapetdog,sparky.Thoughyou,reinterestedinit,youcanbuyitviatheInternet.IV.聯(lián)系生活MyclassmateMichaelstudiedveryhard1.hewenttoseniorschool.Everydayheworked2.everyoneelseinmyclasslefttheclassroom.Hesaidhewouldn'tstoptrying3.hegotsatisfyingscoresinhisstudies.Hard4.hetried,hemadelittleprogress.Buthedidn,tloseheartatall5.hebelievedaslongashepersistedhewouldsucceedoneday.6.timewentby,hemadeimprovementsinhisstudiesandhewasadmittedtoauniversity,7.wehadverygoodtime.Whenwestood8.weusedtoplayandstudy,wecouldn,thelpthinkingofourhappyolddays.Webelievedwewouldneverforgeteachother,9.wewouldgoorwhateverwewoulddo.10專題四情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣I.典題呈現(xiàn)Idon,tthinkShijiazhuangisaverycomfortableplacetolivein.It_beveryhothereinsummer.Itisforbiddentodrinkbeforedriving,becauseaccidentshappentoanydrunkendriver.TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseitbeveryslow.【要點】can可用在肯定句中表推測，表示的可能性或一時的可能，常譯為“有時會”。can表示具體事情發(fā)生的可能性時，不用于肯定句中。Hebeourmanager.HehasgonetoBeijing.Thenewsbetrue.Theauthoritieshavedeniedtherumor.【要點】can,t表示絕對否定的推測，譯為“”.—Idon,treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?一Don,tworry.Henotcome.Hesaidhewasn,tcertainwhathisplanswere.Someonehaveusedmyumbrellayesterday.Ifounditwet.Wegotothecinematonight,butwearenotsureyet.【要點】表示推測時must表示毫無疑問的肯定推測，常譯為，"，may/might推測的可能性不高，常譯為“:might比may的語氣更弱。Ifyougo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.—： youmakesomuchnoise,Jimmy?Yourlittlesisterisstillsleeping.-Sorry,mom.I'lltrynotto.【要點】must還可以表示一種與說話人愿望相反或不耐煩的感情色彩 ，常譯為Thatcarismyproperty;youuseitwithoutmypermission.Youparkyourcarhere.Itisablindtrack.【要點】mustn,t不表示推測，表示.Ifyouworkhard,youhavealongholiday.Youfailifyoudon,tworkhard.Younotleaveyourpost.Youbepunishedforwhatyouhavedone.Accordingtotheschoolrules,boysnotwearlonghair.【要點】shall用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，可表示說話人的等，或用于當(dāng)中，表示“必須”。Iamsorrythathebesoimpolite.Webestrictwithourselves.Inthatway,wecanmakegreaterprogress.【要點】should表示責(zé)任，義務(wù)，勸告，建議等，譯為“”，還可以表示出乎意料的語氣，譯為“”。Youhavewashedallthoseclothes!Wehaveawashingmachinetodothatsortofthing.Plantslightinordertolive.Thereisagrowingfornewhousinginmanyruralareas.【要點】need既可做實義動詞（+todo）用，又可做情態(tài)動詞（+do,多用于否定句疑問句條件句中）用。當(dāng)然還可以做名詞，表示需求、需要。Howdarehe（take）mybicyclewithoutevenasking!11MostpeoplehateHarrybuttheydon,tdare(say)so.【要點】dare做情態(tài)動詞表示“敢，敢于"，三要用于否定句、疑問句和條件從句中。與need一樣，也可做實義動詞。Heoughtbehereontimehestartedearlyenough.Yououghtnot(be)lateforsuchanimportantmeeting.【要點】oughtto用法相當(dāng)于should，譯為“應(yīng)當(dāng)”“按說應(yīng)當(dāng)”。Weshould(study)lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youshouldn,t(leave)homewithoutaword.Itwasnothisfault.Yououghtn,tto(blame)himyesterday.【要點】表示對過去情況的推測時，要用情態(tài)動詞+havedone的形式，shouldhavedone=oughttohavedone表示“"，否定為shouldn,thavedone=oughtn，ttohavedone。其他情態(tài)動詞+havedone的形式建議自行總結(jié)。Itisnecessarythateverybodytakewaterwiththem,becauseitisalongmarch.Itissuggestedthatchildrennot(leave)aloneathome.Itisapitythathe(miss)suchagoldchance.【要點】Itisdesired/suggested/requested/proposed/ordered/…/necessary/important/natural/strange/essential/.../apity/ashame/...+that從句，從句中的謂語動詞用+,可以省略。IfI(see)himthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.IfIhadhadtimeyesterday,Iwould(go)withyou.IfIyou,Ishouldn,tquarrelwithhim.IfIhadtimenow,Iwould(go)withyou.IfI(see)himtomorrow,Iwouldbeveryhappy.IfIhadtimetomorrow,Iwould(go)withyou.Ifyou(ask)himyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.IfI(follow)hisadvicethen,Iwouldn'tbeintroublenow.【要點】if條件句的虛擬變化如下:時間從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反If+主語+ （be動詞一般用 ）主語+would/could/should/might+do與過去事實相反If+主語+ 主語+would/could/should/might+havedone與將來事實相反 /If+主語+ /主語+would/could/should/might+do如果主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時間，這時主從句謂語動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不同而不同，這叫做混合虛擬條件句。IfIhadseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.二Iseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.IfIshouldhavetime,Iwouldgowithyou.二Ihavetime,Iwouldgowithyou.IfIweretohavetimetomorrow,Iwouldgowithyou.二(be)Itohavetimetomorrow,Iwouldgowithyou.12【要點】在if虛擬條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were,had,should可省去if,將主語與這些詞倒裝。yourhelpyesterday,Icouldn,thavedoneitwell.you,Iwouldneverknowhim.Butyourcooperation,wewouldn,thavedonetheworksowell.ButtheleadershipoftheParty,wecouldnotbelivingahappylifetoday.Iambusynow,Iwoulddoyouthefavor!Iwasbusywithmyreportinthecompanyyesterday,Iwouldnothaveleftyoualoneathome.【要點】without,butfor,otherwise引起的短語或句子常暗含著含蓄條件，稱之為暗含虛擬。可將相應(yīng)表達轉(zhuǎn)化成if條件句的表達，判斷后面陳述與何時事實相反，做相應(yīng)的虛擬變化。IwishI(be)abird.IwishI(visit)thewhiteHousewhenIwasinthestates.IwishI(meet)youtomorrowattheparty.【要點】wish后的賓語從句：與現(xiàn)在事實不一致，主語+過去時；與過去事實不一致，主語+had+過去分詞；未來不大可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，主語+would/could/might+原形。Hislooksuggeststhatsomethingbad(happen)tohim.Hesuggestedthatwe(take)someextramoneyincaseofemergency.【要點】suggest表“暗示，表明”時賓語從句不虛擬；表“建議”時賓語從句虛擬(+(should)do)。Thedriverinsistedthathe(drive)beyondthespeedlimit,andheinsistedthathe(set)free.【要點】insist表“堅持認為，堅持說”時賓語從句不虛擬，表“堅持要求,堅持要"時賓語從句虛擬(+(should)do)。Iwouldratherhe(visit)ustomorrow.Iwouldratherhe(visit)ustoday.Iwouldratherhe(visit)usyesterday.【要點】wouldrather后接賓語從句，賓語從句要虛擬。愿望與過去事實相反，用過去完成時；愿望與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾?，用一般過去時。Ifonlyhecouldcometomorrow!IfonlyI(know)theanswerbeforetheexamyesterday!IfonlyI(have)acolddrinkwithmenow.【要點】ifonly"要是……就好了”后接從句的虛擬變化同wish賓語從句的虛擬.It,stimethatyou(go)toschool.It,shightimewe (take)actionnow.【要點】It,stime后用嬴從句虛擬變化為：主語+should+原形或主語+過去時.II.對點通關(guān)、回歸高考Weoftenhearthatchildrenwishthey(be)grown-ups,andthatoldpeoplewishtobeyoung.Shewouldbemuchhealthiernowshenotburdenedherselfwiththatmuchpressurefromworkwhenyoung.Theoldladyinsistedthattheyoungman(steal)herwalletandthatheshouldn'tbesenttothepolicestation.Itisrequiredbylawthatadrivingtest(take)beforeamangetsalicense.Thenationwidesmogservesasaconstantreminder,includingthatit,shightimewe13(reflect)onourselves.Lizawellnotwanttogoonthetripshehatestraveling.IfI(catch)themorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.—Wherearethechildren?Thedinnerisgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey(be)notalwayslate.Wewouldratherourdaughter(stay)athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.Thelookinhiseyessuggestedthathe(be)angry.m.虛擬語氣在寫作中的應(yīng)用.沒有你的幫助，我不可能取得如此大的進步。(without/butfor).要是我當(dāng)初聽從老師的建議就好了。(ifonly).我建議政府應(yīng)該改革司法制度并呼吁人們保護環(huán)境。IV.單句改錯1.IthinkIwouldhaveenjoythemoviewewenttolastnightevenmoreifIhadreadthebookbeforeseeingit.fonlyIhavereadthebooksonreadinglistbeforeIattendedthelecture.IfIwasyou,Iwouldrunfaster.Ifsheworkedhardenough,shewouldhavepassedtheEnglishexam.Iknewnothingaboutthefilm.IfIknewaboutit,Iwilltellyou.Ifitwerenotraintomorrow,theymightgototheGreatWall.Ifyouaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshecouldn,tsing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.Shewasverybusyyesterday,otherwiseshewouldcometothemeeting.HowIwishIcanpayavisittoBeijing.Sheinsiststhattheymustgiveherareceipt.Iwouldratheryoupaymenow.It,shightimethatwegotobed.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifitisbroken.14專題五非謂語動詞PartII.典題呈現(xiàn)Thewaterinthe