2019年英語新外研選修七講義Module5SectionⅡIntroductionReading-LanguagePoints

SectionⅡIntroduction&Reading—LanguagePoints一、這樣記單詞記得準(zhǔn)·寫得對記得快·記得多Ⅰ.基礎(chǔ)詞匯1.ethnicadj.種族的；民族的2.nativeadj.出生地的；土生土長的3.runv.控制；管理4.propertyn.財產(chǎn)5.customn.風(fēng)俗，習(xí)慣，傳統(tǒng)Ⅱ.拓展詞匯1.minorityn．少數(shù)民族→minoradj.較小的→majorityn．大多數(shù)→majoradj.主要的2.diverseadj.完全不同的；各不相同的(from)→diversityn．多樣性→diversifyv．使……多樣化3.variedadj.各種各樣的；形形色色的→varyv．變化→varietyn．種類；多樣化→variousadj.各種各樣的；多姿多彩的4.inheritv．繼承→inheritancen．繼承物；遺產(chǎn)1.ethnicadj.種族的；民族的[詞塊]ethnicconflict種族/民族沖突[聯(lián)想]①racen．種族，人種，血統(tǒng)②racismn．種族主義2.nativeadj.出生地的；土生土長的[詞塊]①nativelanguage本族語；母語②nativecountry祖國③nativeland故鄉(xiāng)3.runv．(ran,run)控制；管理[聯(lián)想]①operatev．經(jīng)營，運轉(zhuǎn)②managev．管理，經(jīng)營[詞塊]①runahotel/store經(jīng)營一家旅館/商店②runabusiness管理企業(yè)4.propertyn．財產(chǎn)[近義]①fortunen．財產(chǎn)②wealthn．財富③treasuren．財富；珠寶二、這樣記短語記牢固定短語多積常用詞塊1.behometo是……的家園/棲息地2.inuse在使用3.asif好像4.putaspellon對……施魔咒5.getlostin迷失在……，陷入到……6.takeplace發(fā)生，舉行1.leaveuniversity大學(xué)畢業(yè)2.runthroughthecity流經(jīng)這個城市3.walkbackintothepast走回到過去4.over100yearsold一百多歲5.onedayleft剩下的一天6.allthesame都一樣三、這樣記句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Theoldtownisonthesideofamountainandoppositeitisthe5,500metreYulongXueshanMountain古城依山而建，對面是海拔5500米的玉龍雪山，山頂白雪皚皚。“名詞＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，cover與itspeak是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。Allhermoneyspent,shehadtoborrowsomefromherfriends.她的錢全花完了，她不得不從朋友那里借一些。2.TheskyisclearblueandIdon'tthinkI'veeverseenanythingelsesobeautifulinmylife.這里的天空碧藍(lán)如洗，我認(rèn)為我一生從未見過如此的美景。句中“don't...ever...so...”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級意義。Idon'tthinkI'veeverseensothrillingamovie.我認(rèn)為我從沒看過那么驚險的電影。3.Forexample,itisthewomenwhorunNaxisociety,anduntilrecently,Naxiwomeninheritedallproperty.例如，管理納西族社會的是婦女，而且直到近來還是由納西族的婦女來繼承全部財產(chǎn)。Itis...who...為強調(diào)句型，主語thewomen是被強調(diào)的部分。Itisparentswhoshouldberesponsiblefortheirchildren'sbehaviors.父母應(yīng)該為自己孩子的行為負(fù)責(zé)。4.Howeverdifferentwemayappeartobeatfirst,weareallthesame,allequal.無論起初我們看上去有多么不同，然而我們本質(zhì)上是一樣的，每個人都是平等的。however“無論怎樣，不管怎樣”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。HowevercarefullyIexplained,hestilldidn'tunderstand.無論我解釋得多么仔細(xì)，他還是沒弄懂。1．(教材P57)hometo25ethnicminorities,mostdiverseregionofChina25個少數(shù)民族的居住地，中國民族最多樣化的地區(qū)minorityn．少數(shù)民族；少數(shù)派；少數(shù)(1)beinthe/aminority占少數(shù)a/theminorityof少數(shù)的(2)majorityn.大多數(shù)beinthe/amajority占多數(shù)a/themajorityof多數(shù)的by/withamajority以多數(shù)①We'reintheminority;morepeopleareagainstusthanwithus.贊成我們的居少數(shù)；我們成了少數(shù)派。②OnlyaminorityofAmericanhouseholdsdonothaveacar.美國只有少數(shù)家庭沒有汽車。③Theminorityofthepopulationinthecountrylives/liveincities.該國一小部分人口住在城市里。[名師點津]the/amajorityof＋名詞，表示“大多數(shù)”，謂語動詞的數(shù)與of后面的名詞相一致；the/amajority單獨作主語時，謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。2．(教材P57)nativeadj.出生地的；土生土長的n.[C]本地人；土生土長的動/植物benativeto(指動植物)原產(chǎn)于某地anativeof……特有的……①Heisquitefamiliarwiththecitybecauseheisanativeofit.他對這個城市很熟悉，因為他是本地人。②It'ssaidthatthetigerisnativetoIndia.據(jù)說這種老虎原產(chǎn)于印度。③Asweallknow,thepandaisanativeofChina.眾所周知，熊貓是中國特有的動物。3．(教材P58)I'vebeeninYunnanfortwomonthsnowandI'mstillastonishedbyhowvariedthelandscapeis.現(xiàn)在我來云南已經(jīng)兩個月了，這里多姿多彩的風(fēng)景仍然令我驚訝不已。variedadj.各種各樣的；形形色色的(1)varyv．變化，使不同varyin在……方面變化varywith隨著……的變化而變化varyfrom...to...從……變化到……(2)varietyn.種類；多樣化eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(avarietyof,varietiesof))各種各樣的①Thecolouroftheleavesvarieswithseason.葉子的顏色隨著季節(jié)的變化而變化。②Thepricesvaryfromseasontoseason.價格隨季節(jié)變化而有所不同。③Thereusedtobeavarietyof/varietiesoffoodsatchoiceinthatcafeteria.那家自助餐館以前有各種各樣的食品可供選擇。4．(教材P58)Forexample,itisthewomenwhorunNaxisociety,anduntilrecently,Naxiwomeninheritedallproperty.例如，管理納西族社會的是婦女，而且直到近來還是由納西族的婦女來繼承全部財產(chǎn)。runv．控制；管理，經(jīng)營；運轉(zhuǎn)；跑，奔跑；行駛；延伸；流淌，流動[一詞多義]寫出下列句中run的含義①Themachinerunssmoothly.運轉(zhuǎn)②Theyranthekindergartenextremelywell.經(jīng)營③Tearsrandownhercheeksasshetoldusabouthersufferings.流淌④BusestoOxfordruneveryfiveminutes.行駛⑤Theroadrunsparalleltotheriver.延伸⑥Theyturnedandranwhentheysawuscoming.跑runafter追趕某人；追逐某物runawayfrom逃離；逃避runacross偶然遇見runinto遇到；撞上；遇到(困難)runout(指供應(yīng)品)花光，用完；耗盡；結(jié)束runoutof(指人)用完；耗盡(供應(yīng)品)runover碾過⑦IranacrossDavidwhilewalkingalongthestreetyesterday.Ihadn'tseenhimforthreeyears.昨天我在街上走著時偶然遇見了戴維。我三年沒見到他了。⑧WehavealreadyrunoutofourmoneyandIdon'tknowwhattodonext.我們的錢已經(jīng)用完了，我不知道下一步該怎么辦。5．(教材P58)Theyhavethecustomofplayingcardsoncardtablesinthemiddleofthestreet.她們有著在街道當(dāng)中的牌桌上打牌的習(xí)俗。customn．風(fēng)俗，習(xí)慣，傳統(tǒng)thecustomofdoingsth.做……的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣follow/keepupacustom遵守習(xí)俗breakacustom打破習(xí)俗Itisthecustom(forsb.)todosth.(對某人來說)做某事是一種風(fēng)俗(習(xí)慣)①InFranceitisthecustomtoshakehandswithpeopleintheofficeeverymorning.在法國每天早上在辦公室里和人握手是一種習(xí)俗。②Theybrokesomeoftheoldcustoms(custom)．他們打破了一些舊的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。[名師點津]customs不一定就是custom的復(fù)數(shù)形式，也表示“海關(guān)，關(guān)稅”。③Shewasstoppedatcustomsandquestioned.她在海關(guān)被叫住并接受詢問。[辨析比較]custom,habit,practicecustom一般指整個社會、民族、宗教、部落等在長時間內(nèi)形成的風(fēng)俗、習(xí)慣，偶爾也指個人的習(xí)慣habit一般指個人的習(xí)慣行為practice指習(xí)慣做法、慣例選用上述單詞填空④Hehasahabitofclosinghiseyeswhenhetellsastory.⑤ItisapracticeinBritaintodriveontheleft.⑥Thiscustomhasbeenhandeddownsincethe18thcentury.6．(教材P59)TheNaxilanguageistheonlyhieroglyphiclanguagestillinuseandisover1,000yearsold.納西語是唯一仍在使用的象形文字，已有一千多年的歷史了。inuse在使用，在應(yīng)用beoutofuse不再使用beof(no)use有用(沒用)的comeintouse開始使用put...touse使用makegood/fulluseof好好/充分利用It'snousedoing...做……是無用的①Oncethenewtechnologycomesintouse,wecansurftheInternetatamuchhigherspeed.一旦這一新技術(shù)開始使用，我們就可以以比現(xiàn)在快得多的速度在網(wǎng)上沖浪了。②IcanmakefulluseoftheprofessionalexperienceIhaveobtained.我可以充分利用自己已有的專業(yè)經(jīng)驗。③It'snousepraying(pray)fortheweathertochange.祈禱天氣轉(zhuǎn)變是徒勞的。1．Theoldtownisonthesideofamountainandoppositeitisthe5,500metreYulongXueshan古城依山而建，對面是海拔5500米的玉龍雪山，山頂白雪皚皚。句中itspeakcoveredwithsnow是由“名詞＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。由于cover與itspeak是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以cover用過去分詞形式。itspeakcoveredwithsnow相當(dāng)于with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“withitspeakcoveredwithsnow”或定語從句“whosepeakiscoveredwithsnow”。①Hisleftlegbroken,hecouldn'tplayfootballontheweekend.他左腿骨折，周末不能踢足球了。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)常在句中作狀語，表示原因、條件或伴隨情況等。其主要形式還有：(1)名詞或代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞(名詞或代詞與動詞之間為主謂關(guān)系)②Timepermitting(permit),wewillgooutforaholiday.如果時間允許，我們會出去度假。(2)名詞或代詞＋不定式(表示未發(fā)生的動作)③Isendyoutodayfourfifthsofthesum,theresttofollow(follow)inamonth.我今天付給你這筆款項的五分之四，其余的一個月后給你。(3)名詞或代詞＋介詞短語④Fathercamebackhomehappily,cakeinhand.爸爸高興地回到家，手里捧著蛋糕。(4)名詞或代詞＋(being)＋形容詞或副詞⑤Themeetingover,everyonetriedtogohomeearlier.會議結(jié)束后，每個人都想早點回家。(5)therebe的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)為therebeing⑥Therebeing(be)nobuses,hehadtotakeataxitoreturnhome.因為沒有公共汽車，他不得不搭出租車回家。[名師點津](1)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語是人稱代詞時，一定要用主格，而不能用賓格；(2)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語和主句之間的主語不能是同一人或物。2．TheskyisclearblueandIdon'tthinkI'veeverseenanythingelsesobeautifulinmylife.這里的天空碧藍(lán)如洗，我認(rèn)為我一生從未見過如此的美景。句中“don't...ever...so...”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級意義。表示最高級意義的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：(1)完成時＋never＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(so＋adj./adv.,so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.,such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.))①Ihavenevermetsuchakind-heartedpersonbefore.我從來沒有遇到過這么好心的人。(2)否定詞＋so...as...②Nooneissodeafasthosewhowon'tlisten.最聾者莫過于不聽勸說的人。(3)eq\a\vs4\al(比較級＋,than＋)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(anyother＋單數(shù)名詞,alltheother＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞,anyoneelse/anyoftheother＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞,therestof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞))③Hestudiesharder(hard)thananyotherstudentinhisclass.他比班上其他任何學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都要刻苦。(4)否定詞＋比較級(＋than...)④Hehasneverspentamoreworrying(worrying)day.他度過了最擔(dān)心的一天。⑤Thereisnogreaterlovethanthatofamanwholaysdownhislifeforhisfriends.一個人為朋友而放棄生命的愛是最偉大的愛。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．One-thirdofthecountryiscoveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizensare(be)blackpeople.2．It'snousecomplaining(complain)withouttakingaction.3．Herglassbroken(break),shecouldn'tseethewordsontheblackboard.4．Thetechniquesofsalespromotionarevaried(vary)andnumerous.5．Hisfatherwasacivilservant,andhismotherran(run)aclothesstore.6．Attheairport,itisacustomforcustomsofficerstosearchpassengers'luggage.(custom)7．Someplants,suchascornandpotatoes,arenativetoAmerica.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Theparkishometobears,wolves,andotherwildanimals.這座公園是熊、狼及其他野生動物的家園。2．Mostnursesarewomen,butinthehigherranksofthemedicalprofessionwomenareinaminority.大多數(shù)護士是婦女，但在高層醫(yī)務(wù)工作者中，婦女只占少數(shù)。3．Seriouslydamaged,thebridgeisnolongerinuse.受損嚴(yán)重，這座橋再也不能使用了。4．Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.他上課專心聽講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。5．Howeverfaritis,Iintendtodrivetheretonight.不管有多遠(yuǎn)，我今晚也要開車到那兒去。6．Ihaveneverseensomanypeopleattendthischurchbefore.我以前從未見過這么多人來這個教堂做禮拜。一、全練語言點，基穩(wěn)才能樓高Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Thisproductshouldnotbeusedasasubstituteforavaried(各種各樣的)diet.2．Whoisrunning(管理)thecompanywhileheisaway?3．Intheeventofhisdeath,hisdaughterwillinherit(繼承)themoney.4．TheywantmoreStatecontroloverprivateproperty(財產(chǎn))．5．Itwasthecustom(風(fēng)俗)ofAmericanIndianstopainttheirfaceswithcoloredclay.6．Thefemalesitsontheeggsuntiltheyhatch(孵化)．7．Thegovernmenthastakeneffectivemeasurestoavoidconflictsbetweenthedifferentethnic(種族的)groupsinthatarea.8．Womenareintheminority(少數(shù))inthetopranksofgovernment.9．Heofferedusadiversity(多樣性)ofmethodstosolvetheproblem.10．Sheisaccustomedtothetropicalrainforest(熱帶雨林)climate.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Thoughthedictionaryiswornout,itisstillintheuse.去掉第二個the2．Mygrandfathersatinhischair,hiseyeswereclosed.去掉were3．Thereisawidevarietygoodstochoosefrom.variety后加of4．Zhongguancunishomeofmanyhi-techcompaniesofChina.第一個of→to5．Menareinminorityinthenursingprofession.第一個in后加the或a6．Eagerlytoseethesunrise,theygotupatfouro'clock.Eagerly→EagerⅢ.選詞填空behometo，keepadiary，wakeup，getlost，inuse，puttogether，beuninterestedin，passfrom...to...，putaspellon，takeplace1．Hehappilyseesthesemachineswerecarefullyputtogether.2．Shesetthealarmsoshe'dwakeupintimetogivehertwosonstheirmedication.3．IkeepadiaryeverydaytopractisemywrittenEnglish.4．Thewetlandsarehometoalargevarietyofwildlife.5．Batterychargingsystemsremainbasicallythesameasthoseinusehalfacenturyago.6．Igaveyouamapsoyouwouldn'tgetlost.7．Thebadwomanusedatrugtoputaspellonthebatmaninordertocontrolhim.8．ThemeetingshouldtakeplaceonthefifthofMay.9．IwassouninterestedintheresultthatIdidn'tevenbothertolookatit.10．Asyoupassfromoneleveltoanother,youwillneedtoactfasterandmoreaccurately.Ⅳ.課文語法填空I'mastonishedbyhow1.varied(vary)thelandscapeis.Downinthesouth,2.itisverytropical,butinthenorth-west,Lijiang,ahalfnewandhalfoldtownisonthesideofamountainandoppositeitisYulongXueshanMountain,whosepeak3.iscovered(cover)withsnow.4.Seen(see)fromabove,theoldtownisamazethattouristsgetlostin.ThisregioniswheretheNaxiethnicgrouplive.It'sthewomen5.who/thatrunNaxisociety.Theyinheritallpropertyandhave6.thecustomofplayingcardsinthemiddleofthestreet.TheNaxilanguageistheonlyhieroglyphiclanguagestill7.inuse.Naxicultureis8.particularly(particular)famousforitsmusic.Passedfromfathertoson,themusic9.hasn'tchanged(not,change)foreightcenturies.AtlastIknowhoweverdifferentwemayappeartobeatfirst,weareallthesame,all10.equal(equally)．Ⅴ.串點成篇微表達(dá)我們國家是很多(avarietyof)少數(shù)民族(minority)的家園。他們的文化各不相同(diverse)，并一代一代傳承下來。他們有自己的節(jié)日，如四月份舉辦(takeplace)的潑水節(jié)。納西族是一個由女人管理(run)社會并繼承(inherit)財產(chǎn)的民族。他們的語言已經(jīng)使用(inuse)1000多年了。婦女們穿著藍(lán)色的衣褲，外面罩著藍(lán)色或黑色的圍裙，這是納西族的習(xí)俗(custom)。Ourcountryishometoavarietyofminorities.Theirculturesarediverseandhavebeenpassedfromgenerationtogeneration.Theyhavetheirownfestivals,liketheWater-SplashingFestival,whichtakesplaceinApril.Naxiisaethnicgroupinwhichwomenrunthesocietyandinherittheproperty.Theirlanguagehasbeeninuseformorethan1,000years.ItisacustomforNaxiwomentowearblueblousesandtrouserscoveredbyablueorblackapron.二、勤練高考題型，多練自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空TherearemorethanfourmillionAmericanIndiansandAlaskannativesintheUnitedStates.They1tomorethanfivehundredIndiantribes.Manytribe2liveonreservations.TheseareareasthattheUnitedThereareaboutthreehundredIndianreservationsintheUnitedStates,someof4arelargerthanAmericanOnthe6，AmericanIndiansdonot7thesameeconomicandeducationalsuccessasotherAmericans.A(n)8studybyHarvardUniversitysaysAmericanIndiansgenerally9lessmoneyandhave10unemploymentthanotherAmericans.ThestudysaystheyalsohavehigherTheBureauofIndianAffairs12educationservicesforalmostfiftythousandIndianchildrenin1,08413.ExpertsfromHarvardsaycollegeattendanceratesamongtheIndianpopulationishalfthatofthe14population.But,theyalsosaythesituationisimproving.Theexpertssaythe15ofNativeAmericanIndians16highereducationhasmorethandoubledinthelasttwentyyears.Harvardresearchers17saythattheAmericanIndianeconomyhas18atthreetimesthenationalratesince1980s.Someofthe19shouldbeowedtoexpansionoftheAmericanIndiangamblingindustry.MorethantwohundredIndiantribeshave20gamblinglegalontheirreservations.NativeAmericancasinosandothergamingbusinessesearnmorethantwentybilliondollarseachyear.語篇解讀：美國有四百多萬美洲印第安人和阿拉斯加人。本文從經(jīng)濟、工作、教育等方面介紹了印第安人的情況。1．A.stick B．belongC．connect D．depend解析：選B上文談到“有四百多萬美洲印第安人和阿拉斯加人”，下文談到“五百多個印第安部落”。由此可看出，這些人“屬于”這些部落，因此選belong。2．A.natives B．peopleC．persons D．members解析：選D此處指居住在保留地上的部落“成員”。3．A.set B．heldC．gave D．took解析：選A由前面的areas判斷，要用setup(建立)。holdup意為“支撐”；giveup意為“放棄”；takeup意為“占用”。4．A.them B．whomC．which D．what解析：選C根據(jù)該空前面的逗號可知，此處為非限制性定語從句。由于先行詞是reservations，指物，因此選which。5．A.states B．countriesC．provinces D．neighbours解析：選A根據(jù)上下文語境可知，此處表示有些保留地的面積比美國一些州的面積還要大。6．A.hand B．wholeC．contrary D．way解析：選Bonthewhole為固定短語，意為“總的來說”。7．A.spare B．saveC．enjoy D．like解析：選C根據(jù)下文的“l(fā)essmoney”和“unemployment”判斷，答案應(yīng)為enjoy，意為“享有”。8．A.containing B．includingC．remaining D．continuing解析：選D句意：哈佛大學(xué)一直在進(jìn)行一項研究，該研究報告表明……。continuing意為“持續(xù)的”。9．A.borrow B．lendC．earn D．pay解析：選C根據(jù)上文提到的“印第安人沒有同其他美國人一樣享有經(jīng)濟和教育上的成功”推斷，印第安人賺的錢要少。10．A.much B．moreC．many D．enough解析：選B根據(jù)下文的“than”可知，此處要用more，構(gòu)成比較級，表示印第安人的失業(yè)率較高。11．A.rates B．datesC．scores D．costs解析：選Arate意為“比率”。此處指“患病的比率”。12．A.of