2020全國英語等級(jí)考試pets1級(jí)閱讀理解題

2020全國英語等級(jí)考試pets1級(jí)閱讀理解題SuperconductingMaterialsThestoneage，TheIronAge.Entireepochshavebeennamedformaterials.Sowhattocallthedecadesahead?Thechoicewillbetough.Welcometotheageofsuperstuff.Materialscience——oncetheleastsexytechnology-isburstingwithnew，practicaldiscoveriesledbysuperconductingceramicsthatmayrevolutionizeelectronics.Butsuperconductorsarejustpartofthepicture：fromhouseandcarstocookpotsandartificialteeth，theworldwillsomedaybemadeofdifferentstuff.Exoticplastics，glassandceramicswillshapethefuturejustassurelyashavegeneticengineeringandcomputerscience.Thekeytothenewmaterialsisresearchers‘increasingabilitytomanipulatesubstancesatthemolecularlevel.Ceramics，forexample，havelongbeenlimitedbytheirbrittleness.Butbyminimizingthemicroscopicimperfectionsthatcauseit，scientistsaremakingfarstrongerceramicsthatstillretainsuchqualitiesashardnessandheatresistance.FordMotorCo.nowusesceramictoolstocutsteel.AfirmcalledKyocerahascreatedalineofceramicscissorsandknivesthatstaysharpforyearsandneverrustorcorrode.Asimilartransformationhasovertakenplastics.High-strengthpolymersnowformbridges，ice-skatingrinksandhelicopterrotors.Andonenewplasticthatgenerateselectricitywhenvibratedorpushedisusedinelectricguitars，touchsensorsforrobothandsandkaratejacketsthatautomaticallyrecordeachpunchandchop.Evenplasticlitter，whichoncethreatenedtopermanentlyblotthelandscape，hasprovedamenabletomoleculartinkering.Severalmanufacturersnowmakebiodegradableforms;someplasticsix-packringsforexample，graduallydecomposewhenexposedtosunlight.Researchersaredevelopingwaystomakeplasticsasrecyclableasmetalorglass.Besides，composites-plasticreinforcedwithfibersofgraphiteorothercompounds-madetheround-the-worldflightofthevoyagerpossibleandhaveevenbeenprovedincombat：ahelmetsavedaninfantryman‘slifebydeflectingtwobulletsintheGrenadainvasion.Someadvancedmaterialsareoldstandardwithanewtwist.Thenewestfiberopticcablethatcarrytelephonecallscross-countryaremadeofglasssotransparentthatapieceof100milesthickisclearerthanastandardwindowpane.Butnewmaterialshavenoimpactuntiltheyaremadeintoproducts.Andthattransitioncouldprovedifficult，forswitchingrequireslengthyresearchandinvestment.Itcanbesaidafirmerhandleonhowtomovetocommercializationwilldeterminethesuccessorfailureofacountryinthenearfuture.1.Howmanynewmaterialsarementionedinthispassage?e答案：B三種超導(dǎo)材料。答案再段后一句“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具體講這三種材料。第二段講陶瓷：“新材料之關(guān)鍵在于研究工作者不斷提高在分子水平上處理物質(zhì)的能力。舉陶瓷為例，由于它的脆性，長期來應(yīng)用范圍有限。但是通過改善導(dǎo)致脆性的微小缺陷，科學(xué)家制造出一種保持原有硬度和抗熱性，但堅(jiān)實(shí)得多的陶瓷”。第三段講塑料?！邦愃频霓D(zhuǎn)折發(fā)生在塑料上，高強(qiáng)度的塑料建成了橋梁、溜冰場、直升機(jī)的葉輪。一種震動(dòng)或推動(dòng)就能發(fā)電的新型塑料用于電子吉他上，觸及傳感塑料用于機(jī)械手和空手道外衣上，它能自動(dòng)記錄每次擊打?！焙竺嬲劶八芰侠梢蕴幚?，或者制造可分解還原的塑料制品。塑料內(nèi)加入其他化合物加強(qiáng)性能。第四段講有些高級(jí)材料由新的改變，新的光纖電纜由玻璃制成，透明度極高，100英里厚的一塊其清晰度比一塊普通窗玻璃還高。2.Whydoestheauthormentiongeneticengineeringandcomputerscience?[A]Tocomparethemwiththenewmaterials.[B]Toshowthesignificanceofthenewmaterialsonthefutureworld.[C]Tocomparethenewmaterialstothem.[D]Toexplainhisviewpoint.答案：B說明這種新材料對(duì)未來世界的意義。答案在段：“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷一定會(huì)象生物工程和計(jì)算機(jī)一樣將改變世界。”A.把它們和新材料相比較，這里不僅僅是比較，而是說明三者都具同樣的作用——改變世界。C.把新材料比作它們。也不僅僅是比喻比擬。與A一樣沒有說到核心電。D.說明他的觀點(diǎn)。太籠統(tǒng)。3.Whyistransitiondifficult?[A]Becausetransitionrequiresmoneyandtime.[B]Becausemanymanufacturersareunwillingtochangetheirequipment.[C]Becauseresearchonnewmaterialsisverydifficult.[D]Becauseittakes10years.A.在于研究答案：A轉(zhuǎn)折需要錢和時(shí)間。見后一段“可是新材料只有制成產(chǎn)品才有影響，而這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折可能很困難，因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)折需要長期的研究和投資?？梢赃@么說，在不久的將來，更牢牢地掌握如何把材料轉(zhuǎn)變成商品將決定一個(gè)國家之成敗?！盉.因?yàn)樵S多制造商不愿改變他們的設(shè)備。C.因?yàn)樾虏牧系难芯糠浅＠щy。D.轉(zhuǎn)折要華上十年時(shí)間。這三項(xiàng)文內(nèi)沒有涉及。4.Whereliessuccessof