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2019年上海市嘉定區(qū)高考英語一模試卷
I.ListeningComprehensionSectionA(10分)Directions:
InSectionA,youwillhearten
shortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeach
conversation,aquestionwill
beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthe
questionswillbespokenonlyonce.
Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,
readthefourpossibleanswerson
yourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothe
questionyouhaveheard.
1.(1分)A.Classmates.
B.Bossandsecretary.
C.Colleagues.
D.Teacherandstudent.
2.(1分)A.lbhaveabarbecuewithherfamily.
B.Togoforaridearoundtown.
C.lbgotothesupermarketinJohn'scar.
D.Togoshoppingwiththeman.
3.(1分)A.Thewomanshouldfindasparekey.
B.Theyshouldcomedownstairs.
C.Thewomanshouldbemorecarefulnexttime.
D.Theyshouldthinkofasolution.
4.(1分)A.Totheman'sstudio.
B.lbtheman'scompany.
C.Totherailwaystation.
D.Tothesubwaystation.
5.(1分)A.Impatient.
B.Worried.
C.Annoyed
D?Regretful.
6.(1分)A.Heisn'tsure.
B.He'llgobybus.
C.He'llgobytrain.
第1頁(共42頁)
D.He'llgobyplane.
7.(1分)A.Theconcertisveryimpressive
B.Sheregretspayingfortheconcert.
C.Applauseencouragesthesinger.
D.Almosteveryonelovespopmusic.
8.(1分)A.Theplane'sdeparturetimeremains
unknown.
B.Theplanewillleaveat9:14.
C.Themanhasgonetoawrongcheck-incounter.
D.Themanhasjustmissedhisflight.
9.(1分)A.Shewantstotakemoreoptionalcourses.
B.Shethinksthecourseiswonderful.
C.Shecouldn'tunderstandtheprofessor'slecture.
D.Shedoesn'tthinkthecourseisuseful.
10.(1分)A.Heeatstoomuchwhenplayingchess.
B.Chessishisfavoritegame.
C.Hedoesn'tenjoychessasmuchasheusedto.
D.Hewon'tjointhechessclub.
SectionB(15分)Directions:InSectionB,youwillhear
twoshortpassagesandalonger
conversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestions
oneachofthepassagesandthe
conversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillberead
twice,butthequestionsw川
bespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,read
thefourpossibleanswersonyour
paperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothe
questionyouhaveheard.
11.(4.5分)(1)A.Torunsomeclasses.
B.Toorganizemeetings
C.Tocollectinformation.
D.Togrowtheirownfood
(2)A.Toplanttheseseedsinhisgarden.
B.Togetnewfruitsandvegetables.
C.Toexchangethemwithhisfriends.
D.lbencourageotherstoselltheirseeds.第2頁(共42
頁)
(3)A.Thegardeningmeetingisintendedtoshare
gardeningskills.
B.Peopleareincreasinglyconcernedwithenvironmentand
health.
C.Thosepresentatthegardeningmeetingexchangeseeds
withoneanother.
D.PeoplegottogetherinWashingtonD.Ctodiscussthe
environmentalissues.
12.(4.5分)(1)A.Itisabusy,crowdedandbooming
place.
B.Itissufferingfromincreasingcrime.
C.Itisapeaceful,friendlyandconvenienttown.
D.Itiscleanandpretty,butalittlebitpoor.
(2)A.Itmightlowertheirwages.
B.Itwillchangetheirwayoflife.
C.Itmightcostthemtheirjobs.
D.Itwillcauseafiercecompetition.
(3)A.SheisgoingtocompeteintheOlympics.
B.Sheisanexperienceddebater.
C.SheleadsthefightagainsttheWal-Martstore
D.Sheworksinthelocalcoffeeshop.
13.(6分)(1)A.Keepcomparingoptionswithyour
family.
B.Readproductreviewseveryday.
C.Telephonethelocalstoreforadiscount.
D.Makeenoughinvestigations.
(2)A.Totakehertimetoavoidhastypurchase
B.lbspendanotheryearlookingforafavoritecar
C.Togotothelocalcarcompaniestomakedetailed
investigation
D.Tomakeacarefulcomparisonandchooseanidealcaras
soonaspossible.
(3)A.Heiscarefulbuthesitant.
B.Heischangeableandhasty.
C.Heisdecisiveandconfident.
D.Heisfashionablebutenvious.
(4)A.Everyonehashisownwaytomakeapurchase.
B.Onecan'tmakeagoodpurchasewithoutreadingproduct
reviews.第3頁(共42頁)
C.Fewpeoplecanresistthetemptationofadsofnewly
releasedproduct.
D.Comparingoptionswhenpurchasinghelpssavemoneyin
thelongrun.
II.GrammarandvocabularySectionA(10分)Directions:After
readingthepassagebelow,
fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentand
grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblanks
withagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformof
thegivenword;fortheother
blanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.
14(.10分)Peoplearebeinglured(引誘)ontoFacebookwith
thepromiseofafun,freeservice,
(1)realizingthatthey'repayingforitbygivingupplenty
ofpersonal
information.Facebookthenattemptstomakemoneyby
sellingtheirdatatoadvertisersthat
wanttosend(2)(target)messages.
MostFacebookusersdon'trealizethisis
happening.Evenif
theyknowwhatthe
companyisupto,theystillhavenoidea(3)they'repaying
forFacebook,because
peopledon'treallyknowwhattheirpersonaldetailsareworth.
Thebiggestproblem,however,isthatthecompanykeeps
changingtherules.Early
on,youcouldkeepeverythingprivate.Thatwasthegreat
thingaboutFacebook--you
couldcreateyourownlittleprivatenetwork.Lastyear,the
companychangeditsprivacy
manythings--rules(4)yourcity,yourphoto,
yourfriends'names--
wereset,bydefault(默認(rèn)),tobesharedwitheveryone
ontheInternet.
AccordingtoFacebook'svicepresidentElliotSchrage,the
companyissimplymaking
changestoimproveitsservice,andifpeopledon'tshare
information,槨祥桀瘢??(5)
(satisfying)experience.勘
SomecriticsthinkthisismoreaboutFacebooklookingtomake
moremoney.Itsoriginal
businessmodel,(6)involvedsellingadsandputtingthemat
thesideofthepage,
?totallyfailed.Whowantstolookatadswhentheyare
connectingwiththeirfriendsonline
Sofartheprivacyissue(7)(land)Facebookinhotwaterin
Washington.In
April,SenatorCharlesSchumercalledonFacebookto
changeitsprivacypolicy.Healso
urgedtheCommissiontosetregulationsforsocial-
networkingsites.
IsuspectthatwhateverFacebookhasdone(8)(invade)
ourprivacyisonly
thebeginning,whichiswhyI'mconsidering(9)(cancel)
my
account.Facebookisahandysite,butI'mupsetbytheidea
that(30)information第4頁(共42頁)
isinthehandsofpeopleIdon'ttrust.Thatistoohigha
pricetopay.
SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperword
chosenfromthebox.Eachword
canbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmore
thanyouneed.
15.(10分)
A.combining;B.analyzed;C.concern;D.tremendously;
E.effective;F.applied;
G.actually;H.common;I.limited;J.assessing;
K.test
Gettinghelpwithparentingmakesadifference--atanyage
NewOxfordUniversitystudyfindsthatparentinginterventions
(育兒干預(yù))forhelping
childrenwithbehaviorproblemsarejustaseffectiveinschool
age,asinyoungerchildren.
Thereisadominantviewamongscientistsandpolicy-
makers.Theybelieves,forthe
greatesteffect,interventionsneedtobe(1)earlyinlife,
whenchildren'sbrain
functionandbehaviorarethoughttobemore
flexible.However,accordingtothenew
research,it'stimetostopfocusingonwhenweintervenewith
parenting,andjustcontinue
helpingchildreninneedofallages.
JustpublishedinChildDevelopment,thestudyisoneof
thefirstto(2)this
ageassumption.Parentinginterventionsareacommonand
effectivetoolforreducingchild
behaviorproblems,butstudiesofageeffectshave
produceddifferentresultsuntilnow.
AteamledbyProfessorFrancesFardner(3)datafromover
15,OOOfamilies
earlierisbetter.,andfoundnoevidencethatoverthe
worldOlderfromallchildren
benefitedjustasmuchasyoungeronesfrom
parentinginterventionsforreducingbehavior
problems.Therewasnoevidencethatearlierinterventions
aremorepowerful.Thiswas
datafrommorethan150differentexperiments).basedon
(4
What'smore,theireconomicanalysisfoundthat
interventionswitholderchildrenwere
(5)morelikelytobecost-effective.
ProfessorGardnercommented:Whenthereis(6)about
behavioraldifficulties
,inyoungerchildren,ourfindingsshouldneverbeusedas
areasontodelayintervention
otherwise,childrenandfamiliesw川sufferforlonger.She
continued,Asfor(7)
parentinginterventionsforreducingbehaviorproblemsin
childhoodweshouldsticktothe,
principle,'it'snevertooearly,nevertoolate',rather
than'earlierisbetter'.勘
第5頁(共42頁)
Thestudydrawstheconclusionthatitmakessensetoinvestin
parentinginterventionsfor
childrenatallageswithbehavioraldifficulties,because
theyarenomorelikelytobe(8)
.adolescentsatleastinthepre-inyoungerthanolder
children,
(9)Ofcourse,there'smoreworktobedone.The
experimentsconductedwere
topre-adolescents,toshorter-termeffects,and
parent-reportedassessmentofchild
outcomes.Futurestudiesareneededthatfocusonadolescents,
longer-termoutcomes,and
usingmultiplesourcesfor(10)childbehaviorproblems.
III.ReadingComprehensionsectionA(15分)Directions:
Foreachblankinthefollowing
passagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C
andD.Fillineachblankwiththe
wordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
16.(15分)Marmosetmonkeysexistonabranchofthe
evolutionarythreethatisdistinctfromthe
onethatledtohumans.Buttheyconstantlyastonish
researcherswith(1)behavior
thatseemsprettyhighlyevolved.Theirsocialorganization
and(2)practicescould
havebeenthemodelforthephraseIttakesavillage.A
dominantmaleandfemalebreed,
andtheirbabiesarecarefullylookedafterbyextendedfamily
memberswhothenaren'tfreeto
breedthemselves.
Anewstudyfurther(3)themarmoset'sreputationforadmirable
community
values.Researchersreportthatthesecaregiverssharetheir
foodmoregenerouslywithlittle
ones(4)thanwhenthey'resurroundedbythewatchfuleyes
ofothercommunity
members.Incomplexsocietieswhereindividualsband
togetherfor(5),protection
researchershavecomeupwithafewwidelyaccepted
explanationsforselflessbehavior.But
specificacts,likesharingadeliciouscricket(蟋蟀)witha
beggingbabymarmoset,seem
toneedmore(6)explanation.
Onepossibilityisthatanindividualpractices(7)asameans
ofenhancinghis
statusamongpeers.By(8)thatheissowellgiftedwith
materialgoodsthathecan
givesomeaway,thisdo-gooderenhanceshispowerwithin
thegroup.That,inturn,may
(9)prospectivemates.Theotherexplanationfor
charitablebehavior(10)
thatkindnessesextendedtoothersaresimplythefeesof
groupmembership,whichoffers
somefuturepromiseofachancetomate.Failuretoshare
wouldresultinexclusionfromthe
groupandalossof(11)partners.Scientistscallthis
thepay潴?璘第第6頁(共42頁)
model.Importantly,forbothofthesemodelstowork,
actsofkindnessmusthavea(n)
(12)awayfromThatsuggestsyouwouldseemoresharingin
groupsettings;.
judgingeyes,acaregivermightbemorelikelytokeepfood
forhimselforherself.Andyet,
in2,581testsconductedwith31adultand14baby
marmosets,the(13)appeared
tobetrue.
Anthropologists(人類學(xué)家)fromtheUniversityofZurich
carefullydocumentedhow
often,ingroupsandinconditionsthatfoundcaregiverand
babyseparatedfromthecrowd,
anadultwouldsharehisorhercricket.Whenalonewitha
babybeggingforataste,adult
marmosetssharedtheircricket85%ofthetime.Whenina
group,caregiversoffereduptheir
cricket67%ofthetime.Ourresultsshowthathelpingin
commonmarmosetsisnotdriven
byreputationmanagementor(14)avoidance,thestudyauthor
reported.Rather,
itisdrivenbyadeep-downmotivationtohelpthatismore
(15)expressedwhen
individualsarealonewithyoung.勘
(1)A.animalB.carefulC.socialD.individual
D.organizingcommunicatingB(2)
A.evolving.parentingC.
D.protectsaffectsC.B.A(3).shinesdamages
D.atplayinprivate.byaccidentC.onscheduleB.(4)
A
DcontinualC.adequate)A.B.effective.mutual5
(
DB.C..)6A.creativeofficialcomplexspecific(
DB..independenceCA(7).generosity.wisdom
governance
DdemonstratingB...)8Apromisingexplaining
pretendingC.(
DB.counton.appealto..benefitfromgoafterCA9
()
DB.enhances..confirms.A)(10assumes
concludesC
Dpotentialdominantregular.A11()…previousCB
D)(12A.judgefeedbackCatmosphere.audienceB..
D.argumentexpectationsBstatisticsA)13
(..C.opposite
D.difficulty(14arrangementC.)
A.responsibilityB.punishment
第7頁(共42頁)
(15)
A.stronglyB.casuallyC.delicatelyD.fearlessly
SectionB(22分)Directions:Readthefollowingthree
passages.Eachpassageisfollowed
byseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachof
themtherearefourchoices
markedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbest
accordingtotheinformationgivenin
thepassageyouhavejustread.
17.(8分)Onedayalittleboy,annoyedbyhisfather's
decisionforhimtobecomeagrocer,
decidesthathewillnevergrowup.Groceryisadulljoband
stayingachildishisprotest
againstit.Thisstrangelittle
boy-man,neverseparatedfromatindrumheis
always
Itcoversthreecrucialdecadesof20th
centurybanging,isourheroofthetable.
history.LittleOscarMatzerathwillexperiencelove,war
andimprisonmentinastorythat
paintsanunforgettablepictureofCentralEuropebetween
1923and1954.
ThisisanoverviewofthestoryofTheTinDrum,themost
famousworkbytheGerman
Nobel-winningauthorGunterGrass,whopassedaway
onApril13attheageof87.The
TinDrumalsoestablishedGrassasoneoftheleadingauthors
ofGermany.Italsosetahigh
barofcomparisonforallofhisfollowingworks.Justashis
best-knownfictionisboththe
storyofanindividualandofanage,soitisthatGrass'life
cannotbeunderstoodwithout
referringtothehistoryofGermany.?效眠犯撓污敬??防愁祜??
^稠楣7突散,becausehe
remindedGermansofapastduringtheSecondWorldWar
(1933-1945)thatmanywould
.haveratherforgotten
Thissometimesmadehimunpopular.ManyGermansdid
notagreein1989whenhesaid
thatEastGermanyandWestGermanyshouldremain
separate,asaunitedcountrywouldbe
toostrongandthreatentheworld'speace.AndGrasswas
calledahypocritewhenherevealed
inhismemoir
PeelingtheOnion(2006)thathehadbeenateenage
memberoftheWaffen-SS,the
Nazi(納粹)
Party'sfightingforce.Themanwhohadblamedtheactions
ofothershadaless-than-
perfectrecordhimself.
Grasswasamanofthepenandthepageandalsoamanwith
agiftforspeakingtothe
public.
第8頁(共42頁)
Hiswritingwasnoisyandannoying,butonehadtolistento
it,alittlelikethesoundof
thedrumbangedbyhismostfamousliterarycreation.
(1)InTheTinDrum,thehero.
A?decideshewillnevergrowuptoescapefromthewar
B.doesn'twanttobecomeagrocerashisfatherexpects
C.refusestobeseparatedfromthetindrumheisplaying
D.hasanunforgettableexperienceinvolvingloveandhatred
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordhypocritemean?
A.Someonewhohasjusticeonhissideandpursues
perfection.
B.Someonewhoenjoysblamingothersfortheirown
mistakes.
C.Someonewhoisunwillingtobelievethereisgoodin
people.
D.Someonewhopretendstobemorevirtuousthanone
reallyis.
(3)Itcanbeinferredfromthearticlethat.
A.OscarMatzerath'sstoriesweremodeledonGrass'sown
childhoodlife
B.criticsapplaudedGrass'sargumentforcontinued
separationofGermany
C.Grass'slifeandworkscanbebestunderstoodfroma
historicalperspective
D.nootherwriterinGermanycouldbeGrass'sequalin
perfectpersonalrecord
(4)Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthearticle?
A.lbanalyzewhathasmadeTheTinDrumsopopularin
Germany.
B.TointroducethereaderstoGunterGrassandhismost
famouswork.
C.TopresentthehistoryofGermanythroughthepenand
pageofGrass.
D.TogivesomebackgroundinformationaboutGrass'searly
lifeasawriter.
18.(6分)Beesinacolonyworkwitheachothertogather
food,andtheytrytofindthemost
nectar(花蜜)intheleastamountoftimepossible.Asmall
numberofbeesworkassearchers,
butwhenagoodflowerpatch(花叢)isfound,howdothey
tellotherbeeswheretofind
it?
Beescommunicateflowerlocationusingspecialdances
insidethehive,wherebees
live.Onebeedanceswhiletheotherbeeswatch.The
dancingbeesmellsliketheflower
patch,andalsogivesthewatchingbeesatasteofthenectar
shehasgathered.Smellandtaste第9頁(共42頁)
helpsotherbeesfindthecorrectflowerpatch.Beesuse
twodifferentkindsofdancesto
communicateinformation:thewaggle(搖擺)danceandthe
circledance.
Waggledance
Thewaggledancetellsthewatchingbeestwothingsabouta
flowerpatch'slocation:the
distanceandthedirectionawayfromthehive.
A.Distance
Thedancingbeewagglesbackandforthasshemoves
forwardinastraightline,then
aroundtorepeatthedance.Thelengthofthemiddleline,
calledthewaggleruncircles,
showsroughlyhowfaritistotheflowerpatch.
B.Direction
Beesknowwhichwayisupandwhichwayisdowninsidetheir
hive,andtheyusethis
toshowdirection.How?Beesdancewiththewaggle
runataspecificangleawayfrom
straightup.Outsidethehive,beeslookatthepositionofthe
sun,andflyatthesameangle
awayfromthesun.
Circledance
Thecircledancetellsthewatchingbeesonlyonethingabout
theflowerpatch'slocation:
thatitissomewhereclosetothehive.
Inthisdance,thebeewalksinacircle,turnsaround,then
walksthesamecircleinthe
oppositedirection.Sometimes,thebeeincludesalittlewaggle
asshe'sturningaround.The
durationofthiswaggleisthoughttoindicatethequalityofthe
flowerpatch.
(1)Whydoesthesearchergivethewatchingbeesatasteof
thenectar?
A.Toinformthemofthedistanceoftheflower.
B.lbcelebratehersuccessoffindingthenectar.
第10頁(共42頁)
C.lbmotivatethemtocollectthenectar.
D.lbensurethebeesfindtherightpatch.
(2)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutthe
dances?
A?Thesearcher'swagglemeanslittleduringthecircle
dance.
B.Thewaggledanceindicatesthedirectionoftheflower
patch.
C.Thewaggledanceshowspreciselyhowfartheflower
patchis.
D.Thequalityoftheflowerpatchisnotshowninthecircle
dance.
(3)Ifthesearcherdancesinsidethehiveinthisway(seethe
rightpicture),whichofthe
followingistheWRONGflyingdirectionfortheotherbees?
A.
B.
C.
D.
19.(8分)Earth'sgeologicages---timeperiodsdefinedby
evidenceinrocklayers--
第11頁(共42頁)
typicallylastmorethanthreemillionyears.We'rebarely11,
500yearsintothecurrentage,
theHolocene.Butanewpaperarguesthatwe've
alreadyenteredanewone-the
Anthropocene,or
ewman,age.
Thenameisn'tbrand-new.NobelPrizewinnerPaul
Crutzen,aco-authorofthe
paper,coineditin2002toreflectthechangessincethe
industrialrevolution.Thepaper,
however,ispartofnewpushtoformalizetheAnthropocene
age.
Recenthumanimpactshavebeensogreatthatthey'llresultin
anobviousboundary(界
限)inEarth'srocklayer,theauthor'ssay.Weareso
skilledatusingenergyand
exploitingtheenvironmentthatwearenowadefiningforcein
thegeologicalprocessonthe
surfaceoftheEarth,saidco-authorJanZala,a
geologistwiththeUniversityofLeicester
intheUK.Evenso,itcouldtakeyearsorevendecades
fortheInternationalUnionof
GeologicalSciencetoformalizethenewage.
IftheconceptoftheAnthropoceneageistobeformalized,
scientistswillfirsthaveto
identifyanddefineaboundaryline,ormarker,that'ssetin
stone.Thekeythingisthinking
abouthow-thousandsofyearsinthefuture---
geologistmightcomebackandactually
recognizeinthedepositintheUK.It'snotas
straightforwardasyoumightthink.The
markethastobeveryprecise,andithastoberecognizedin
manydifferentpartsoftheworld,
saidHaywood,whowasn'tinvolvedinthenewstudy.
Onecandidateforthemarketisthedistinctiveradioactive
signatureleftbyatombomb
tests,whichbeganin1945.Thefallout(沉降)isbasically
acrosstheworld,Haywood
said.Inasimilarway,scientistsusedtracesoftheelement
iridium(鉞)leftbyshooting
---thestarstrikestohelpdefinetheboundarybetweenthe
CretaceousandTertiaryperiods
timeofthegreatdinosaurextinctions.
ThepushforaformaldeclarationoftheAnthropoceneage
isaboutmorethanjust
curiosity.Themovethescientistswriteinthelastthe
journalscientificissueof
EnvironmentalScience&Technology,mightbeused
asencouragementtoslowcarbon
emissionsandbiodivers讓y(生物多樣性)lossorasevidence
onprotectionmeasuresJustas
Haywoodsaid,byunderlininghowmuchwe'rechangingthe
environment,theformalization
wouldbeaverypowerfulstatement.
第12頁(共42頁)
(1)WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthenewpaper?
A.ItdeniestheexistenceoftheHoloceneage.
B.Itdocumentstherecenthumanimpactsonearth.
C.ItpushesfortheformalizationoftheAnthropoceneage.
D.Itservesasawarningagainstthecurrentmineral
exploitation.
(2)Haywood'swordsinparagraph4indicatethat.
A.thekeytoformalizingthenewageistofindadeposit
recordsetinstone
B.themarkerhastoappearinvariousplacesgloballytobe
consideredvalid
C.findingamarkerisastraightforwardwaytodefinethe
beginningofanage
D.futuregeologistsmayfindithardtorecognizethe
markerswechoosetoday
(3)Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?
A.Theelementiridiummayworkasamarkerforthe
Anthropoceneage.
B.TheNobelPrizewinnerCrutzeninventedthename
Holocenein2002.
C.Theformalizationofthenewagemaysendamessagefor
eco-protection.
DHumanactivitieshaveresultedfromthechangeof
boundariesinrocklayers.
(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.HumansAreDestroyingtheEarth,GeologistsWarn
B.looEarlytoSetThingsinStone,AuthoritiesSay
C.MoreEvidenceIsNeeded,UniversitiesRequire
D.ANewEarthAgeMayBegin,ScientistsArgue
SectionC(8分)Directions:Readthefollowing
passage.Fillineachblankwithaproper
sentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeused
onlyonce.Notethattherearetwomore
sentencesthanyouneed.
20.(8分)
A.Sheisperfectlymadefordoingwhatshedoes,it
seems.
B.Adventurersareclearlydifferentfromtherestofus.
CWhatshedidwasreallybeyondourimagination
D.Itseemsthatmanyadventurersspendtheirlivestryingto
liveuptotheimageofaparent.
E.Andmostofuswouldpreferittoremainthatway.
第13頁(共42頁)
F.Manyadventurershaveamazedtheworldwiththeir
extraordinaryskills.
Whydosomepeoplefeelobligedtodothecraziestthings,
whilemostofusarehappytosit
onthesofaandwatchtheirexploitsonTV?RobinStyles
ponders(考慮)thisquestion.
Generally,welovetowatchsomeone'sbraveryanddrama
--asinglepersonagainst
thewildsofnature,testingtheirendurancebeyond
belief.Andourpleasureisgreater
becauseweliveacomfortableandincreasinglyrisk-
freelife,wherethegreatesttestof
enduranceisgettingtoworkthroughtherushhour.(1)
However,thereare
countlesswaystotestthelimits
ofyourendurance,ifyoushouldwishtodoso,by
attemptingsomethingunpleasant,uncomfortableorjust
plaindangerous.
AmericanLynneCoxswimsinsub-zerotemperatures
throughtheplanet'smost
dangerousoceanswearingonlyaswimsuit--forfun!
AccordingtoLynne,thereisalways
somethingdrivingheron.Atage9,whenshewas
swimminginanoutdoorpooloneday,
aviolentstormblewup,butsherefusedtogetoutofthe
pool.Somethingmakehercarry
on.Thensherealizedthat,asthewatergotcolderand
rougher,shewasactuallygetting
fasterandwarmer,andshewasreallyenjoyingit.Atage14,
shebrokeherfirstendurance
record.Yearslater,expertsdiscoveredthatLynnehasa
totallyevenlayerofbodyfat,like
aseal.(2).
ThefamousBritishexplorer,SirRanulphFiennes,hasled
manymajorexpeditions(遠(yuǎn)
征)intheextremecold,includingwalkingrightroundthe
ArcticCircle.Hehasalsoled
expeditionsintheextremeheat,anddiscoveredthe
Lost
CityofllbarintheOmani
desert.(3)SirFienneshassaid,IfIamgettingsick,Ifind
averypowerfulway
ofconqueringitistoknowthatmyfatherwouldhavedefinitely
doneit.
(4)Thereisprobablynosuchthingasa
ormaladventurer.Unsurprisingly,
risk-takerstendtobesingle-mindedandunusually
determinedpeoplewhohatethestability
androutinethatmostpeopleprefer.Theytendtotake
risksforthe
un
ofit.The
excitementbecomesaddictive,andtheywantmoreand
moreofit.Ordinarylifeseems
boringincomparison.
IV.SummaryWriting
21.(10分)Directions:Readthefollowing
passage.Summarizethemainideaandthemain
第14頁(共42頁)
point(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Use
yourownwordsasfaraspossible.
Takecareofyourspine(脊柱)
Thespinestandsatthecenterofyourhealth,providingyour
bodywithstructureand
support.Italsocontainsyourspinalcord,amassive
collectionofnervesconveyingelectric
signalsfromtherestofyourbodytoyourbrain.Sinceyour
spineissocentraltoyourhealth,
it'simportanttolookafterit.
Maintaininggoodposture(姿勢)isoneofthemostimportant
thingsyoucandotokeep
yourspinehealthy.Properposturemeansstandingorsitting
whilekeepingyourspinestraight,
exceptforitsnaturalcu
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