人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修課文

必修1第一單元

ANNE3BESTFREND

Doyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto,likeyourdeepest

feelingsandthoughts?Orareyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou,or

wouldnotunderstandwhatyouaregoingthrough?AnneFrankwantedthefirstkind,

soshemadeherdiaryherbestfriend.

AnnelivedinAmsterdamintheNetherlandsduringWorldWarII.Herfamily

wasJewishsoshehadtohideortheywouldbecaughtbytheGermanNazis.Sheand

herfamilyhiddenawayfortwoyearsbeforetheywerediscovered.Duringthattime

theonlytruefriendwasherdiary.Shesaid,"Idon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffacts

inadiaryasmostpeopledo,butIwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend,andIshall

callmyfriendKitty."NowreadhowshefeltafterbeinginthehidingplacesinceJuly

1942.

Thursday15,June,1944

Dearkitty,

Iwonderifit'sbecauseIhaven'tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatPve

grownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.Icanwellrememberthatthere

wasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscould

neverhavekeptmespellbound.That'schangedsinceIwashere.

Forexample,whenitwassowarm,Istayedawakeonpurposeuntilhalfpast

elevenoneeveninginordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonforoncebymyself.But

asthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn'tdareopenawindow.Anothertimesome

monthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsoneeveningwhenthewindowwasopen.I

didn'tgodownstairsuntilthewindowhadtobeshut.Thedark,rainyevening,the

wind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower;itwasthefirsttimeina

yearandahalfthatPdseenthenightfacetoface...

Sadly...Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshangingbefore

verydustywindows.It'snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenature

isonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.

Yours,

Anne

Readingandlistening讀與聽(tīng)

1)ReadtheletterthatLisawrotetoMissWangofRadioforTeenagersand

predictwhatMissWangwillsay.Afterlistening,checkanddiscussheradvice.

DearMissWang,

Iamhavingsometroublewithmyclassmatesatthemoment.I'mgettingalong

wellwithaboyinmyclass.Weoftendohomeworktogetherandweenjoyhelping

eachother.Wehavebecomereallygoodfriends.Butotherstudentshavestarted

gossiping.TheysaythatthisboyandIhavefalleninlove.Thishasmademeangry.I

don'twanttoendthefriendship,butIhateothersgossiping.WhatshouldIdo?

Yours,

Lisa

1讀讀琳達(dá)為青少年寫給電臺(tái)王小組的這封信，然后王小姐可能會(huì)怎么說(shuō)。

聽(tīng)完錄音之后，核對(duì)并討論她的建議。

親愛(ài)的王小姐：

現(xiàn)在我同班上的同學(xué)有些麻煩事。我跟我們班里的一位男同學(xué)一直相處的很好。

我們常常一起做家庭作業(yè)，而且很樂(lè)意互相幫助。我們成了真正好朋友?？墒?

其他同學(xué)卻在背后議論起來(lái)，他們說(shuō)我和這位男同學(xué)在談戀愛(ài)，這使我很生氣。

我不想中斷這段友誼，但是，我又討厭人家背后說(shuō)閑話。我該怎么辦呢？

你的莉薩

Readingandwriting

MissWanghasreceivedaletterfromXiaodong.Heisalsoaskingforsomeadvice.

ReadtheletterontherightcarefullyandhelpMissWanganswerit.

王小姐收到小冬的一封來(lái)信。小冬是要征求一些意見(jiàn)。仔細(xì)閱讀右邊的信，然

后幫王小姐回復(fù)。

DearMissWang,

I'mastudentfromHuzhouSeniorHighSchool.Ihaveaproblem.I'mnotvery

goodatcommunicatingwithpeople.AlthoughItrytotalktomyclassmates,Istill

findithardtomakegoodfriendswiththem.SoIfeelquitelonelysometimes.Ido

wanttochangethissituation,butIdon'tknowhow.Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould

givemesomeadvice.

Yours,

Xiaodong

親愛(ài)的王小姐：

我是湖州高中的一名學(xué)生，我有一個(gè)難題，我不大善于與人們交際。雖然我

試著和班上的同學(xué)交談，但是，我還是很難跟他們成為好朋友。因此，有時(shí)候

我感到十分的孤獨(dú)。我確實(shí)想改變這種現(xiàn)狀，但是我卻不知道怎么辦。如果您

能給我提些建議，我會(huì)非常感謝的。

你的小東

2Decidewhicharethebestideasandputthemintoanorder.Thenwritedownyour

adviceandexplainhowitwillhelp.Eachideacanmakeoneparagraph.The

followingsampleandtheexpressionsmayhelpyou

DearXiaodong,

I'msorryyouarehavingtroubleinmakingfriends.However,thesituationiseasy

tochangeifyoufollowmyadvice.Herearesometipstohelpyou.

First,whynot...?

Ifyoudothis,...

Secondly,youcould/can...

Then/Thatway,...

Thirdly,itwouldbeagoodideaif...

Bydoingthis,...

Ihopeyouwillfindtheseideasuseful.

Yours

MissWang

2決定哪些是最好并把它們按順序組織起來(lái)。然后把你的建議寫出來(lái)，并解

釋它為什么會(huì)有所幫助。每個(gè)想法可以自成一個(gè)段落。下面的例子和表達(dá)可能

對(duì)你有所幫助。

親愛(ài)的小冬：

很遺憾聽(tīng)說(shuō)你在交朋友的過(guò)程中遇到了困難。但是，如果你聽(tīng)聽(tīng)我的建議，這

種情況是很容易改變的。這些建議會(huì)對(duì)你有所幫助。

第一，為什么不……呢？

如果你這樣做……

第二，你可以……

這樣的話……

第三，如果……那將是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的主意。

通過(guò)做……

我希望你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這些想法對(duì)你有所幫助。

你的王小姐

LEARNINGTIP學(xué)習(xí)建議

It'sagoodhabitforyoutokeepadiary.Itcanhelpyourememberpastevents.You

canexpressyourfeelingsandthoughtsinit.ItwillhelpyouimproveyourEnglishif

youwriteyourdiaryinEnglish.Whynothaveatry?

寫日記對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。它可以幫你記住一些過(guò)去發(fā)生的事件。你還可

以在日記中表達(dá)你的情感和思想。如果你用英語(yǔ)寫日記的話，還可以幫助你提

高英語(yǔ)水平。為什么不試一試呢？

第二單元

Reading

THEROADTOMODERNENGLISH

Attheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.

NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEngland

madevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegan

tobespokeninmanyothercountries.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,

secondorforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.

通向現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)之路

在16世紀(jì)末，大約有五至七百萬(wàn)人講英語(yǔ)。兒乎所有這些講英語(yǔ)的人都住

在英格蘭。在其后的一個(gè)世紀(jì)中，英格蘭人為征服世界航海到了世界其他一些

地方，結(jié)果世界的其他地方的人們也開(kāi)始說(shuō)英語(yǔ)了。今天，把英語(yǔ)作為自己的

第一語(yǔ)言、第二語(yǔ)言或外語(yǔ)來(lái)使用的人比以往任何時(shí)候都多。

NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthe

samekindofEnglish.Lookatthisexample:

BritishBetty:Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?

AmericanAmy:Yes,I'dliketocomeuptoyourapartment.

以英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)的人，即使他們所講不是同一種英語(yǔ)，他們也能彼此聽(tīng)懂。

請(qǐng)看看這個(gè)例子：

英國(guó)人貝蒂：來(lái)看看我的公寓嗎？

美國(guó)人艾米：好的，我來(lái)看看你的公寓吧。

SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?Actuallyalllanguageschangeand

developwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.AtfirsttheEnglish

spokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromthe

Englishspokentoday.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakat

present.ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800and1150,Englishbecamelesslike

GermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokenfirstDanishandlaterFrench.

ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary.Soby

the1600'sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.

In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysome

BritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninboth

countries.

那么，隨著時(shí)間的推移英語(yǔ)為什么發(fā)生了變化呢？實(shí)際上，當(dāng)不同文化相

互交流滲透時(shí)，所有的語(yǔ)言都會(huì)有所發(fā)展和變化。開(kāi)始，英格蘭人在大約公元

450年到1150年之間所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)與我們今天所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)很不一樣。當(dāng)時(shí)的英語(yǔ)

更多的是以德語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)的，不像我們現(xiàn)在說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)。后來(lái)，大約在公元800年

至1150年之間，英語(yǔ)慢慢變得不那么像德語(yǔ)，因?yàn)榻y(tǒng)治英格蘭的那些人開(kāi)始是

說(shuō)丹麥語(yǔ)，后來(lái)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)。這些新來(lái)的定居者豐富了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言，尤其是豐富了英

語(yǔ)詞匯。所以到17世紀(jì)初的時(shí)候，莎士比亞能夠得以使用比以往任何時(shí)候都豐

富的詞匯。1620年一些英國(guó)定居者來(lái)到了美洲，后來(lái)到了18世紀(jì)的時(shí)候，一些

英國(guó)人還被帶到了澳大利亞。英語(yǔ)也就開(kāi)始在這兩個(gè)國(guó)家使用。

Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled.Atthattimetwobig

changesinEnglishspellinghappened:firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryand

laterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.The

lattergaveaseparateidentitytoAmericanEnglishspelling.

最后到19世紀(jì)的時(shí)候，英語(yǔ)這種語(yǔ)言就變得穩(wěn)定了。當(dāng)時(shí)，英語(yǔ)的拼寫

發(fā)生了兩個(gè)很大的變化：先是塞繆爾?約翰遜編寫了他的英語(yǔ)詞典，后是諾亞?韋

伯斯特出版了《美國(guó)英語(yǔ)詞典》。后者使得美式英語(yǔ)的拼寫有了其獨(dú)特的個(gè)性。

EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.For

example,IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritain

ruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguagefor

governmentandeducation.EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaand

countriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.Todaythenumberofpeoplelearning

EnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.Infact,Chinamayhavethelargestnumberof

Englishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity?Onlytimewilltell.

現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)在南亞地區(qū)也被作為外語(yǔ)或第二語(yǔ)言使用。比如，印度就有很多

人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很流利，因?yàn)樵?765年到1947年之間英國(guó)統(tǒng)治著印度。在此期

間，英語(yǔ)成了印度政府和教育所用的語(yǔ)言。在新加坡和馬來(lái)西亞以及像非洲的

南非，人們現(xiàn)在也說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。當(dāng)今，在中國(guó)學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人數(shù)正在快速增加，事實(shí)上，

中國(guó)可能是學(xué)英語(yǔ)人數(shù)最多的國(guó)家。中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)是否也能發(fā)展成一種具有自己

獨(dú)特個(gè)性的語(yǔ)言？這還有待時(shí)間去證明。

STANDARDENGLISHANDDIALECTS

WhatisstandardEnglish?IsitspokeninBritain,theUS,Canada,Australia,

IndiaandNewZealand?Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.

ManypeoplebelievetheEnglishspokenonTVandtheradioisstandardEnglish.

Thisisbecauseintheearlydaysofradio,thosewhoreportedthenewswereexpected

tospeakexcellentEnglish.However,onTVandtheradioyouwillheardifferencesin

thewaypeoplespeak.

Whenpeopleusewordsandexpressionsdifferentform''standardlanguage"，itis

calledadialect.AmericanEnglishhasmanydialects,especiallythemidwestern,

southern,AfricanAmericanandSpanishdialects.EveninsomepartsoftheUSA,

twopeoplefromneighbouringtownsspeakalittledifferently.AmericanEnglishhas

somanydialectsbecausepeoplehavecomefromallovertheworld.

Geographyalsoplaysapartinmakingdialects.Somepeoplewholiveinthe

mountainsoftheeasternUSAspeakwithanolderkindofEnglishdialect.When

Americansmovedformoneplacetoanother,theytooktheirdialectswiththem.So

peoplefromthemountainsinthesoutheasternUSAspeakwithalmostthesame

dialectaspeopleinthenorthwesternUSA.TheUSAisalargecountryinwhich

manydifferentdialectsarespoken.AlthoughmanyAmericansmovealot,theystill

recognizeandunderstandeachother'sdialects.

什么是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)？是在英國(guó)、美國(guó)、加拿大、澳大利亞、印度、新西蘭所

說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)嗎？信不信由你，（世界上）沒(méi)有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)。許多人認(rèn)為，電視和

收音機(jī)里所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)，這是因?yàn)樵谠缙诘碾娕_(tái)節(jié)目里，人們期望

新聞播音員所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)是最好的英語(yǔ)。然而，在電視和收音機(jī)里，你也會(huì)聽(tīng)出

人們?cè)谡f(shuō)話時(shí)的差異。

當(dāng)人們使用不同于“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)言”的詞語(yǔ)和表達(dá)時(shí),那就叫做方言。美國(guó)英

語(yǔ)有許多方言，特別是中西部地區(qū)和南部地區(qū)的方言，以及美國(guó)黑人和西班牙

人的方言。即使在美國(guó)有些地區(qū)，兩個(gè)相鄰城鎮(zhèn)的人所說(shuō)的方言也可能稍有不

同。美國(guó)英語(yǔ)之所以有這么多的方言是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)人是來(lái)自世界各地的緣故。

地理位置對(duì)方言的形成也有所影響。住在美國(guó)東部山區(qū)的一些人說(shuō)著比較古老

的英語(yǔ)方言。當(dāng)美國(guó)人從一個(gè)地方搬到另一個(gè)地方時(shí)，他們也就把他們的方言

隨著帶去了。因此，美國(guó)東南部山區(qū)的人同美國(guó)西北部的人所說(shuō)的方言就幾乎

相同。美國(guó)是一個(gè)大國(guó)，有著許許多多彼此不同的方言。雖然許多美國(guó)人經(jīng)常

搬家，但是他們?nèi)匀荒軌虮鎰e和理解彼此的方言。

Readingandspeaking讀與說(shuō)

1AmyandherAmericanfriendsarevisitingLondon.TheyplantovisitAmy's

auntanddecidetogotherebyunderground,butcannotfindthenearestunderground

station.Sosheasksdirectionsandthentellsherfriends.Readthedialogueandcircle

thewordsthatmeanthesame.

1艾米和她的美國(guó)朋友正在參觀倫敦。她們計(jì)劃去拜訪艾米的姑媽，并決定

乘地鐵去，但是她們找不到最近的地鐵站。所以她問(wèn)問(wèn)了路，然后告訴她的朋

友。讀對(duì)話，然后圈出意思相同的詞。

AMY:Excuseme,Ma'ma.Couldyoutellmewherethenearestsubwaysis?

LADY:Er...theunderground?Well,goroundthecorneronyourleft-handside,

straightonandcrosstwostreets.It'llbeonyourright-handside.

AMY:Thankssomuch.

FRIENDS:Whatdidshesay,Amy?

AMY:Shetoldustogoaroundthecornerontheleftandkeepgoingstraightfortwo

blocks.Thesubwaywillbeonourright.

艾米：對(duì)不起，夫人，你能告訴我去最近的地鐵站怎么走嗎？

夫人：呃……地鐵？哦，往左邊拐過(guò)去，一直往前走，走過(guò)兩條街，地鐵就是

右邊。

艾米：多謝了。

朋友：艾米，她說(shuō)什么？

艾米：她叫我們往左邊拐過(guò)去，一直往前走，走過(guò)兩條街，地鐵就是右邊。

【意思相同的詞】

subway---*underground（地鐵）

right-handside>right（右邊）

street*--*block街道，街區(qū)

第三單元

Traveljournal

JOURNEYDOWNTHEMEKONG

PART1THEDREAMANDTHEPLAN

MynameisWangKun.Eversincemiddleschool,mysisterWangWeiandI

havedreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip.Twoyearsagosheboughtanexpensive

mountainbikeandthenshepersuadedmetobuyone.Lastyear,shevisitedour

cousins,DaoWeiandYuHangattheircollegeinKunming.TheyareDaiandgrew

upinwesternYunnanProvinceneartheLancangRiver,theChinesepartoftheriver

thatiscalledtheMekongRiverinothercountries.WangWeisoongotthem

interestedincyclingtoo.Aftergraduatingfromcollege.wefinallygotthechanceto

takeabiketrip.Iaskedmysister,"Wherearewegoing?"Itwasmysisterwhofirst

hadtheideatocyclealongtheentireMekongRiverfromwhereitbeginstowhereit

ends.Nowsheisplanningourscheduleforthetrip.

Iamfondofmysisterbutshehasoneseriousshortcoming.Shecanbereally

stubborn.Althoughshedidn'tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,sheinsistedthat

sheorganizethetripproperly.Now,Iknowthattheproperwayisalwaysherway.I

keptaskingher,"Whenareweleavingandwhenarewecomingback?"Iaskedher

whethershehadlookedatamapyet.Ofcourse,shehadn't;mysisterdoesn'tcare

aboutdetails.SoItoldherthatthesourceoftheMekongisinQinghaiProvince.She

gavemeadeterminedlook-thekindthatsaidshewouldnotchangehermind.When

Itoldherthatourjourneywouldbeginatanaltitudeofmorethan5,000metres,she

seemedtobeexcitedaboutit.WhenItoldhertheairwouldbehardtobreatheandit

wouldbeverycold,shesaiditwouldbeaninterestingexperience.Iknowmysister

well.Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.Finally,Ihadtogivein.

Severalmonthsbeforeourtrip,WangWeiandIwenttothelibrary.Wefounda

largeatlaswithgoodmapsthatshoweddetailsofworldgeography.Fromtheatlaswe

couldseethattheMekongRiverbeginsinaglacieronaTibetanmountain.Atfirst

theriverissmallandthewaterisclearandcold.Thenitbeginstomovequickly.It

becomesrapidsasitpassesthroughdeepvalleys,travellingacrosswesternYunnan

Province.Sometimestheriverbecomesawaterfallandenterswidevalleys.Wewere

bothsurprisedtolearnthathalfoftheriverisinChina.AfteritleavesChinaandthe

highaltitude,theMekongbecomeswide,brownandwarm.AsitentersSoutheast

Asia,itspaceslows.Itmakeswidebendsormeandersthroughlowvalleystothe

plainswherericegrows.Atlast,theriverdeltaenterstheSouthChinaSea.

沿湄公河而下的旅行

第一部分夢(mèng)想與計(jì)劃

我的名字叫王坤。從高中起，我姐姐和我就一直夢(mèng)想作一次偉大的自行車

旅行。兩年前，她買了一輛價(jià)錢昂貴的山地自行車，然后她還說(shuō)服我也買了一

輛。去年她去看望了我們的表兄弟一在昆明讀大學(xué)的刀偉和宇航。他們是傣族

人，在云南省西部靠近瀾滄江的地方長(zhǎng)大，湄公河在中國(guó)境內(nèi)的這一段叫瀾滄

江，流經(jīng)其他國(guó)家后就叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也對(duì)騎車旅行產(chǎn)生了興

趣。到大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，我們終于有了作一次騎車旅行的機(jī)會(huì)。我問(wèn)姐姐：“我們要

去哪里？”首先想到要沿湄公河從源頭到終點(diǎn)騎車旅行的是我的姐姐?，F(xiàn)在，

她正為這次旅行制訂計(jì)劃。

我很喜歡我姐姐，但是她有一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的缺點(diǎn)，她有時(shí)確實(shí)很固執(zhí)。盡管她

對(duì)到某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚，她卻堅(jiān)持要把這次旅行安排的盡善盡美。

現(xiàn)在我知道了這個(gè)盡善盡美的方式總是她的方式。我老是問(wèn)她：“我們什么時(shí)候

動(dòng)身？什么時(shí)候回來(lái)？"我問(wèn)她是否已經(jīng)看過(guò)地圖。當(dāng)然她并沒(méi)有看過(guò)，我的

姐姐是不會(huì)考慮細(xì)節(jié)的。于是我告訴她湄公河的源頭在青海省。她給了我一個(gè)

堅(jiān)定的眼神一這種眼神表明她是不會(huì)改變主意的。當(dāng)我告訴她我們的旅行將從

5000多米的的高地出發(fā)時(shí)，她似乎顯得很興奮。當(dāng)我告訴她那里空氣稀薄，呼

吸會(huì)很困難，而且天氣會(huì)很冷時(shí)，她卻說(shuō)這將是一次很有趣的經(jīng)歷。我非常了

解我的姐姐，她一旦下了決心，就什么也不能使她改變。最后，我只好讓步了。

在我們旅行前的幾個(gè)月，王薇和我去了圖書(shū)館。我們找到了一本大型的地

圖冊(cè)，里面有一些世界地理的明細(xì)圖。我們從圖上可以看到，湄公河源于西藏

一座山上的冰川。起初，河很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它開(kāi)始快速流動(dòng)。它

穿過(guò)深谷時(shí)就變成了急流。流經(jīng)云南西部。有時(shí)，這條河形成瀑布進(jìn)入寬闊的

峽谷。我們驚奇的發(fā)現(xiàn)這條河有一半是在中國(guó)境內(nèi)。當(dāng)流出中國(guó)，流出高地后，

湄公河就變寬，變暖了。河水也變成了黃褐色。而當(dāng)它進(jìn)入東南亞以后，流速

減慢，河水變寬慢慢地穿過(guò)低谷，到了長(zhǎng)著稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲

的各支流流入中國(guó)南海。

Readinganddiscussing

JOURNEYDOWNTHEMEKONG

PART2ANIGHTINTHEMOUNTAINS

Althoughitwasautumn,thesnowwasalreadybeginningtofallinTibet.Our

legsweresoheavyandcoldthattheyfeltlikeblocksofice.Haveyoueverseen

snowmenridebicycles?That'swhatwelookedlike!Alongthewaychildrendressed

inlongwoolcoatsstoppedtolookatus.Inthelateafternoonwefounditwassocold

thatourwaterbottlesfroze.However,thelakesshonelikeglassinthesettingsunand

lookedwonderful.WangWeirodeinfrontofmeasusual.SheisveryreliableandI

knewIdidn'tneedtoencourageher.Toclimbthemountainswashardworkbutaswe

lookedaroundus,weweresurprisedbytheview.Weseemedtobeabletoseefor

miles.Atonepointweweresohighthatwefoundourselvescyclingthroughclouds.

Thenwebegangoingdownthehills.Itwasgreatfunespeciallyasitgradually

becamemuchwarmer.Inthevalleyscolorfulbutterfliesflewaroundusandwe

sawmanyyaksandsheepeatinggreengrass.Atthispointwehadtochangeourcaps,

coats,glovesandtrousersforT-shirtsandshorts.

Intheearlyeveningwealwaysstoptomakecamp.Weputupourtentandthen

weeat.AftersupperWangWeiputherheaddownonherpillowandwenttosleepbut

Istayedawake.Atmidnighttheskybecameclearerandthestarsgrewbrighter.Itwas

soquiet.Therewasalmostnowind-onlytheflamesofourfireforcompany.AsIlay

beneaththestarsIthoughtabouthowfarwehadalreadytravelled.

WewillreachDaliinYunnanProvincesoon,whereourcousinsDaoWeiandYu

Hangwilljoinus.Wecanhardlywaittoseethem!

Unit4Earthquakes

ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN'TSLEEP

StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastHebei.Forthree

daysthewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.Farmersnoticedthat

thewellwallshaddeepcracksinthem.Asmellygascameoutofthecracks.Inthe

farmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.Miceranoutof

thefieldslookingforplacestohide.Fishjumpedoutoftheirbowlsandponds.At

about3:00amonJuly28,1976,somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.Thesoundof

planescouldbeheardoutsidethecityofTangshanevenwhennoplaneswereinthe

sky.Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst,buttheone

millionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthat

night.

At3:42ameverythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!

Elevenkilometersdirectlybelowthecitythegreatestearthquakeofthe20thcentury

hadbegun.ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometersaway.

One-thirdofthenationfeltit.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirty

metreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Steamburstfromholesinthe

ground.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdir.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecity

layinruins.Thesufferingofthepeoplewasextreme.Two-thirdsofthemdiedor

wereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreached

morethan400,000.

Buthowcouldthesurvivorsbelieveitwasnatural?Everywheretheylookednearly

everythingwasdestroyed.Allofthecity'shospitals,75%ofitsfactoriesandbuildings

and90%ofitshomesweregone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves.

Nowind,however,couldblowthemaway.Twodamsfellandmostofthebridges

alsofellorwerenotsafefortravelling.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesof

steel.lensofthousandsofcowswouldnevergivemilkagain.Halfamillionoigsand

millionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.People

wereshocked.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrong

asthefirstoneshookTangshan.Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrapped

undertheruins.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardto

get.peoplebegabtowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.

Allhopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldiersto

Tangshantohelptherescueworkers.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewere

helped.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythe

dead.Tothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10,000minerswererescuedfromthecoal

minesthere.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeen

destroyed.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybutrain,truckandplane.Slowly,thecity

begantobreatheagain.

OfficeoftheCityGovernment

Tangshan,Hebei

China

July5,2007

Dear,

Congratulations!Wearepleasedtotellyouthatyouhavewonthehighschool

speakingcompetitionaboutnewTangshan.Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffive

judges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.Yourparentsandyour

schoolshouldbeveryproudofyou!

Nextmonththecitywillopenanewparktohonourthosewhodiedintheterrible

disaster.Theparkwillalsohonourthosewhohelpedthesurvivors.Ourofficewould

liketohaveyouspeaktotheparkvistorsonJuly28at11:00am.Asyouknow,thisis

thedaythequakehappenedthirty-yearsago.

Weinviteyoutobringyourfamilyandfriendsonthatspecialday.

Sincerely,

ZhangSha

Unit5Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero

ELIAS'STORY

MynameisElias.IamapoorblackworkerinSouthAfrica.ThetimewhenIfirst

metNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.Iwastwelveyearsold.It

wasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.He

offeredguidancetopoorblackpeopleontheirlegalproblems.Hewasgenerouswith

histime,forwhichIwasgrateful.

1neededhishelpbecause1hadverylittleeducation.Ibeganschoolatsix.Theschool

whereIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.Ihadtoleavebecause

myfamilycouldnotcontinuetopaytheschoolfeesandthebusfare.Icouldnotread

orwritewell.Aftertryinghard,Igotajobinagoldmine.However,thiswasatime

whenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.SadlyIdidnothaveit

becauseIwasnotbornthere,andIworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutof

work.

ThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.Hetoldmyhow

togetthecorrectpaperssoIcouldstayinJohannesburg.1becamemorehopeful

aboutmyfuture.IneverforgothowkindMandelawas.WhenheorganizedtheANC

YouthLeague,IjoineditassoonasIcould.Hesaid:

“Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsand

progress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatalL^^

Itwasthetruth.Blackpeoplecouldnotvoteorchoosetheirleaders.Theycouldnot

getthejobstheywanted.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedby

whitepeople.Theplacesoutsidethetownswheretheyweresenttolivewerethe

poorestpartsofSouthAfrica.Noonecouldgrowfoodthere.InfactasNelson

Mandelasaid:

”???wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewereless

importantorfightthegovernment.Wechosetoattackthelaws.Wefirstbrokethe

lawinawaywhichwaspeaceful;whenthiswasnotallowed...onlythendidwe

decidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.

Asamatteroffact,Idonotlikeviolence...butin1963Ihelpedhimblowupsome

governmentbuildings.ItwasverydangerousbecauseifIwascaughtIcouldbeput

inprison.ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdream

ofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.

THERESTOFELIAS'STORY

YoucannotimaginehowthenameofRobbenIslandmadeusafraid.Itwasaprison

fromwhichnooneescaped.ThereIspentthehardesttimeofmylife.ButwhenIgot

thereNelsomMandelawasalsothereandhehelpedme.MrMandelabeganaschool

forthoseofuswhohadlittlelearning.Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandthe

eveningswhenweshouldhavebeenasleep.Wereadbooksunderourblanketsand

usedanythingwecouldfindtomakecandlestoseethewords.Ibecameagood

student.IwantedtostudyformydegreebutIwasnotallowedtodothat.Later,Mr

Mandelaallowedtheprisonguardstojoinus.Hesaidtheyshouldnotbestopped

fromstudyingfortheirdegrees.Theywerenotclevererthanme,buttheydidpass

theirexams.SoIknweIcouldgetadegreetoo.Thatmademefeelgoodabout

myself.

WhenIfinishedthefouryearsinprison,Iwenttofindajob.SinceIwasbetter

educated,Igotajobworkinginanoffice.However,thepolicefoundoutandtoldmy

bossthatIhadbeeninprinsonforblowingupgovernmentbuildings.SoIlostmyjob.

IdidnotworkagainfortwentyyearsuntilMrMandelaandtheANCcametopower

in1994.Allthattimemywifeandchildrenhadtobegforgoodandhelpfrom

relativesorfriends.LuckilyMrMandelarememberedmeandgavemeajobtaking

touristsaroundmyoldprisononRobbenIslannd.IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoa

group.Alltheterrorandfearofthattimecamebacktome.1rememberedthe

beatingsandthecrueltyoftheguardsandmyfriendswhohaddied.IfeltIwouldnot

beabletodoit,butmyfamilyencouragedme.Theysaidthatthejobandthepay

fromthenewSouthAfricangovernmentweremyrewardafterworkingallmylifefor

equalrightsfortheBlacks.Sonowat51Iamproudtoshowvisitorsovertheprison,

forIhelpedtomakeourpeoplefreeintheirownland.

必修2unitl

INSEARCHOFTHEAMBERROOM

FrederickWilliamI,theKingofPrussia,couldneverhaveimaginedthathis

greatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.Thisgiftwas

theAmberRoom,whichwasgiventhisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwere

usedtomakeit.Theamberwhichwasselectedhadabeautifulyellow-browncolour

likehoney.Thedesignoftheroomwasinthefancystylepopularinthosedays.It

wasalsoatreasuredecoratedwithgoldandjewels,whichtookthecountry'sbest

artistsabouttenyearstomake.

Infact,theroomwasnotmadetobeagift.Itwasdesignedforthepalaceof

FrederickI.However,thenextKingofPrussia,FrederickWilliamI,towhom

theamberroombelonged,decidednottokeepit.In1716hegaveittoPetertheGreat.

Inreturn,theCzarsenthimatroopofhisbestsoldiers.SotheAmberRoombecause

partoftheCzar'swinterpalaceinStPetersburg.Aboutfourmetreslong,theroom

servedasasmallreceptionhallforimportantvisitors.

Later,CatherineIIhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalaceoutsideStPetersburg

whereshespenthersummers.Shetoldherartiststoaddmoredetailstoit.In1770

theroomwascompletedthewayshewanted.Almostsixhundredcandleslitthe

room,anditsmirrorsandpicturesshonelikegold.Sadly,althoughtheAmberRoom

wasconsideredoneofthewondersoftheworld,itisnowmissing.

InSeptember1941,theNaziarmywasnearStPetersburg.Thiswasatimewhenthe

twocountrieswereatwar.BeforetheNaziscouldgettothesummerpalace,the

RussianswereabletoremovesomefurnitureandsmallartobjectsfromtheAmber

Room.However,someoftheNazissecretlystoletheroomitself.Inlessthantwo

days100,000pieceswereputinsidetwenty-sevenwooodenboxs.Thereisnodoubt

thattheboxswerethenputonatrainforKonigsberg,whichwasatthattimea

GermancityontheBalticSea.Afterthat,whathappenedtotheAmberRoom

remainsamystery.

Recently,theRussiansandGermanshavebuiltanewAmberRoomatthesummer

palace.BystudyingoldphotosoftheformerAmberRoom,theyhavemadethenew

onelookliketheoldone.In2003itwasreadyforthepeopleofStPetersburgwhen

theycelebratedthe300thbirthdayoftheircity.

AFACTORANOPINION?

Whatisafact?Isitsomethingthatpeoplebelieve?No.Afactisanythingthatcanbe

proved.Forexample,itcanbeprovedthatChinahasmorepeoplethananyother

countryintheworld.Thisisafact.

Thenwhatisanopinion?Anopinioniswhatsomeonebelievesistruebuthasnot

beenproved.Soanopinionisnotgoodevidenceinatrial.Forexample,itisan

opinionifyousay“Catsarebetterpetsthandogs".Itmaybetrue,butitisdifficultto

prove.Somepeoplemaynotagreewiththisopinionbuttheyalsocannotprovethat

theyareright.

I