托福閱讀結(jié)合實(shí)例從結(jié)構(gòu)入手逐段分析

千里之行，始于第2頁/共2頁精品文檔推薦托福閱讀結(jié)合實(shí)例從結(jié)構(gòu)入手逐段分析托福閱讀說明類文章閱讀技巧教導(dǎo),結(jié)合實(shí)例從結(jié)構(gòu)入手逐段分析，今日我給大家?guī)砹送懈ｉ喿x說明類文章閱讀技巧教導(dǎo)，盼望能夠關(guān)心到大家，下面我就和大家共享，來觀賞一下吧。

托福閱讀說明類文章閱讀技巧教導(dǎo)結(jié)合實(shí)例從結(jié)構(gòu)入手逐段分析

托福閱讀說明文怎么看懂?

一般而言，托福閱讀中的說明文會說明某個(gè)現(xiàn)象，文章的第一段是：介紹背景及引出下文;之后的主體段，結(jié)構(gòu)也很清楚：主旨句Topicsentence+解釋句Explain+舉例子Examples+總結(jié)句Summary。其實(shí)跟我們高考語文有異曲同工之妙。下面來看實(shí)例解析：

TheRomanArmysImpactonBritain(選自官方真題Official-19)

InthewakeoftheRomanEmpiresconquestofBritaininthefirstcenturyA.D.,alargenumberoftroopsstayedinthenewprovince,andthesetroopshadaconsiderableimpactonBritainwiththeircamps,fortifications,andparticipationinthelocaleconomy.Assessingtheimpactofthearmyonthecivilianpopulationstartsfromtherealizationthatthesoldierswerealwaysunevenlydistributedacrossthecountry.Areasrapidlyincorporatedintotheempirewerenotlongaffectedbythemilitary.Wherethearmyremainedstationed,itspresencewasmuchmoreinfluential.Theimpositionofamilitarybaseinvolvedtherequisitionofnativelandsforboththefortandtheterritoryneededtofeedandexercisethesoldiersanimals.Theimpositionofmilitaryrulealsorobbedlocalleadersofopportunitiestoparticipateinlocalgovernment,sosocialdevelopmentwasstuntedandtheseedsofdisaffectionsown.Thisthenmeantthatthemilitaryhadtoremaintosuppressrebellionandorganizegovernment.

thesetroopshadaconsiderableimpactonBritain，也就是第一句說的是羅馬軍隊(duì)對英國有影響。這句話相當(dāng)于對題目的闡述，交代了文章的整個(gè)大背景。之后2～4句其實(shí)交代前提，開頭詳細(xì)的說開，要估算軍隊(duì)對平民的影響首先要了解一個(gè)事實(shí)：士兵不是平均分布的。那既然不是平均分布，確定是有多有少的。所以，第三句接著說了有些地方士兵少：很快融入帝國的區(qū)域;第四句說有些地方士兵多影響大：軍隊(duì)駐扎的地方。第5～7句說回重點(diǎn)，也就是what，究竟有哪些影響：軍營先要征地;然后會搶走當(dāng)?shù)仡I(lǐng)導(dǎo)參加政府的機(jī)會;之后社會進(jìn)展受阻，人民不滿而抵抗，最終軍事鎮(zhèn)壓。

首段的第一句話，雖然句子很長，但其實(shí)只需要抓住結(jié)構(gòu)層次進(jìn)行分析就能找到閱讀重點(diǎn)。

所以總共7句話的段落，分層三個(gè)層次，主旨句+前提說明+重點(diǎn)闡述。事實(shí)上，段落第一句就完成了background+introduction雙重目的：英國被羅馬帝國制服+士兵的營地/防備工事以及參加當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)所造成的影響。

EconomicexchangewasclearlyveryimportantastheRomanarmybroughtwithitverysubstantialspendingpower.……Suchactivitieshadamajoreffectonthelocalarea,inparticularwiththeconstructionofinfrastructuresuchasroads,whichimprovedaccesstoremoteareas.

其次段一開頭就交代了經(jīng)濟(jì)交換的影響：強(qiáng)大的購買力，以及關(guān)心修建基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。

Eachsoldierreceivedhispay,butinregionswithoutadevelopedeconomytherewasinitiallylittleonwhichitcouldbespent.……Thesesettlementsactedlikesmalltowns,becomingcentersfortheartisanandtradingpopulations.

第三段還是在講經(jīng)濟(jì)：剛來的時(shí)候士兵有錢沒地方花;最終軍隊(duì)駐扎地變成了小鎮(zhèn)。

Thearmyalsoprovidedameanofpersonaladvancementforauxiliarysoldiersrecruitedfromthenativepeoples,asamanobtainedhereditaryRomancitizenshiponretirementafterserviceinanauxiliaryregiment.……BythelaterRomanperiod,frontiergarrisons(groupsofsoldiers)wereonlyrarelytransferred,serviceinunitsbecameeffectivelyhereditary,andfortswerenolongerpopulatedormaintainedatfullstrength.

第四段開頭講另一個(gè)重大影響：當(dāng)?shù)厝送ㄟ^當(dāng)兵獲得可繼承的羅馬公民地位。

Thisprocessofsettlinginasacommunityoverseveralgenerations,combinedwithlocalrecruitment,presumablyaccountsfortheapparentstabilityoftheBritishnorthernfrontierinthelaterRomanperiod.ItalsoexplainswhysomeofthefortscontinuedinoccupationlongafterRomeceasedtohaveanyformalauthorityinBritain,atthebeginningofthefifthcenturyA.D.ThecircumstancesthathadallowednativestobecomeRomanizedalsoledtheself-sustainingmilitarycommunityofthefrontierareatobecomeeffectivelyBritish.

第五段，做了個(gè)小總結(jié)，講這種融合過程及當(dāng)?shù)卣心即龠M(jìn)了北部邊疆的穩(wěn)定。

通過上文實(shí)例講解，信任大家對于托福閱讀說明文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和解題思路也有了肯定了解。之后大家在通過一些練習(xí)加深對說明文的熟悉和解題方法，以后面對這類高頻閱讀文章類型就能順當(dāng)解答確保得分了。

托福閱讀真題原題+題目

PerhapsoneofthemostdramaticandimportantchangesthattookplaceintheMesozoiceraoccurredlateinthatera,amongthesmallorganismsthatpopulatetheuppermost,sunlitportionoftheoceans—theplankton.Thetermplanktonisabroadone,designatingallofthesmallplantsandanimalsthatfloataboutorweaklypropelthemselvesthroughthesea.InthelatestagesoftheMesozoicera,duringtheCretaceousperiod,therewasagreatexpansionofplanktonthatprecipitatedskeletonsorshellscomposedoftwotypesofmineral:silicaandcalciumcarbonate.

Thisdevelopmentradicallychangedthetypesofsedimentsthataccumulatedontheseafloor,because,whiletheorganicpartsoftheplanktondecayedaftertheorganismsdied,theirmineralizedskeletonsoftensurvivedandsanktothebottom.ForthefirsttimeintheEarthslonghistory,verylargequantitiesofsilicaskeletons,whichwouldeventuallyhardenintorock,begantopileupinpartsofthedeepsea.Thickdepositsofcalcareousoozemadeupofthetinyremainsofthecalciumcarbonate-secretingplanktonalsoaccumulatedasneverbefore.ThefamouswhitechalkcliffsofDover,inthesoutheastofEngland,arejustoneexampleofthehugequantitiesofsuchmaterialthatamassedduringtheCretaceousperiod;therearemanymore.JustwhythecalcareousplanktonweresoprolificduringthelatterpartoftheCretaceousperiodisnotfullyunderstood.Suchmassiveamountsofchalkysedimentshaveneversincebeendepositedoveracomparableperiodoftime.

ThehighbiologicalproductivityoftheCretaceousoceansalsoledtoidealconditionsforoilaccumulation.Oilisformedwhenorganicmaterialtrappedinsedimentsisslowlyburiedandsubjectedtoincreasedtemperaturesandpressures,transformingitintopetroleum.SedimentsrichinorganicmaterialaccumulatedalongthemarginsoftheTethysSeaway,thetropicaleast-westoceanthatformedwhenEarthssinglelandmass(knownasPangaea)splitapartduringtheMesozoicera.Manyoftodaysimportantoilfieldsarefoundinthosesediments—inRussia,theMiddleEast,theGulfofMexico,andinthestatesofTexasandLouisianaintheUnitedStates.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

(A)HowsedimentswerebuiltupinoceansduringtheCretaceousperiod

(B)HowpetroleumwasformedintheMesozoicera

(C)TheimpactofchangesinoceanicanimalandplantlifeintheMesozoicera

(D)ThedifferencesbetweenplanktonfoundinthepresenteraandCretaceousplankton

2.ThepassageindicatesthattheCretaceousperiodoccurred

(A)intheearlypartoftheMesozoicera

(B)inthemiddlepartoftheMesozoicera

(C)inthelaterpartoftheMesozoicera

(D)aftertheMesozoicera

3.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingaspectsofplanktonEXCEPT

(A)thelengthoftheirlives

(B)theleveloftheoceanatwhichtheyarefound

(C)theirmovement

(D)theirsize

4.Thewordaccumulatedinline8isclosestinmeaningto

(A)depended

(B)matured

(C)dissolved

(D)collected

5.Accordingtothepassage,themostdramaticchangetotheoceanscausedbyplanktonduring

theCretaceousperiodconcerned

(A)thedepthofthewater

(B)themakeupofthesedimentontheoceanfloor

(C)thedecreaseinpetroleum-producingsediment

(D)adeclineinthequantityofcalcareousoozeontheseafloor