高考英語名詞性從句復(fù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)案

高考英語名詞性從句復(fù)習(xí)一、學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容概覽1、名詞性從句的分類2、各名詞性從句詳解3、定語從句語同位語從句的使用區(qū)分二、內(nèi)容精講一）定義在復(fù)合句中具有名詞性質(zhì)并作主語或賓語或表語或同位語的從句，叫名詞性從句。因此，我們把主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句這四種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。二）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞：1.從屬連詞：that,if,whetherthat本身沒有意義，在從句中不做任何句子成分。引導(dǎo)單個(gè)賓語從句時(shí)，that可以。但引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、形式賓語it并存的賓語從句時(shí)，that。如果引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句，第一個(gè)that，從第二個(gè)賓語從句起向后的從句中的that。E.g.Idon,tthinkthatsheiscoming.Itwasnotwisethatyouquarreledwithyouclassmate.Thereasonisthatheiscareless.Thenewsthatourteamwonthematchinspiredus.Idon,tthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.Hetoldmethathisfatherhaddiedandthathehadtolivealone.whether和if都表示“是否”，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分。引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)（動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句）者可以換用Iwonderif/whetherIcangetsomeadvicefromyou.Askhimwhether/ifhecancome.但在下列情況下，whether和if不能換用：shewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.Thequestionisitisworthdoing.Noneofthemcananswerthequestionitisworthdoing.Italldependsontheywilldotheirbest.itistrueornot,Ican,ttell.Idon,tknowtoacceptorrefuse.Letmeknowyoucancomeornot.2.連接代詞：who,whom,what,which,whose及whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever,whosever既保留原意，又在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分。既“誰，什么，哪一個(gè)，誰的，無論誰，無論什么，無論哪一個(gè)”。以上這些詞都是“代詞”，因此常作主語、賓語、表語、定語、補(bǔ)足語，不作。注意：what除譯成“什么”，在從句中還可譯成"所...的（事物）”=thething（s）that/which.what（pron.）在從句中，必須做成分，常做主語、賓語、表語、定語、補(bǔ)語ThisisthebookIwant.ThisisIwant.Thethingismostimportantinlifeisn,tmoney.ismostimportantinlifeisn,tmoney.Thecityisfardifferentfromitwastenyearsago.Sheisnolongershewasfiveyearsago.?whatever,whoever,whomever的功能它們一般可以引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和賓語從句，并在從句中作主語、表語或賓語。止匕時(shí)，whatever和whoever不含疑問意義。即whatever=;whoever= oWhomever二 ThesepicturesaresospecialthatIwoulddo/Icantosavethem./knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.Iwillgivethisdictionaryto/wantstohaveit.【注意】whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever即疑問詞+ever的合成詞還可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。止匕時(shí)whatever=nomatterwhat,whoever=nomatterwho,whomever=nomatterwhom,whichever=nomatterwhichyouwant,I'llbuyitforyou.I'llshowyouyouwanttosee.連接副詞：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however既保留原意，又在從句中做狀語。WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.havenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.Thatiswhyhedidn,tcometothemeeting.Tip:名詞性從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞的選擇要根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞在句子中的成分及句意來選擇?！揪氁痪殹?makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever2.surprisedmemostwassuchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That…what B.What…that C.That…which D.What…whichwe'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.WhereThatisLuXunoncelived.A.what B.where C.that D.whyWorldAIDSDayisalsoimportantinremindingusthatHIVhasnotgoneaway,andtherearemanythingsstilltobedone.A.what B.where C.that D.why三）四種名詞性從句句法結(jié)構(gòu)1、主語從句：作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句做句子主語時(shí)主句的謂語常用。但當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，主句謂語動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)句意確定。Whatweneedmoremoney./Whatweneedmoreexperiencedteachers.1）that引導(dǎo)的主語從句Thathewillcometotheconferencehasexcitedeveryoneofus.Thatinsomecountrieswomenarestilltreatedunequallyisunfair.總結(jié)：從屬連詞that在主語從句中不作成分，只起連接作用疑問形式：Hasitexcitedeveryoneofusthathewillcometotheconference？ ？2）形式主語it替代主語從句that引導(dǎo)的主語從句可以用形式主語替代，it前置Ithasexcitedeveryoneofusthathewillcometotheconference.Itisunfairthatinsomecountrieswomenarestilltreatedunequally.常見的it作形式主語的句式有:①It+be+形容詞+that從句。Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.很可能明天會有一場暴雨。適用于此句型的常用形容詞有：obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,quiteclear,unusual,etc.②It+be+名詞詞組+that從句。It'sapitythatwecan'tgo.It'snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.適用于此句型的常用名詞詞組有：afact,goodnews,nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.③It+be+過去分詞+that從句。ItissaidthatMrGreenhasarrivedinBeijing.ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.適用于此句型的常用過去分詞有：said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.④It+特殊動(dòng)詞+that從句。Itturnedoutthathewasneverthere.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.適用于此句型的常用過去分詞有:happen（碰巧）,matter（關(guān)系重大），turnout（結(jié)果），occurtosb.（某人突然想起）等不及物動(dòng)詞及短語注意：形式主語it與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)itis/was…that/who中的it的區(qū)別。ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.Itwasabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句Itisdoubtfulwhethertheworkcanbecompletedontime.Whethertheworkcanbecompletedontimeisdoubtful.wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句該類詞包括］連接代詞（who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whateve）連接副詞（when,where,how,why,whenever,where,however）willbeinchargeoftheprojecthasn,tbeendecidedyet.=It thenewroadisopentotraffichasn,tbeenmadeclear. wecan,tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwealreadyhave.weshoulddonextremainsunknown.【練一練】.theyhavewonthegamemadeusexcited.A./ B.That C.What D.Whereacceptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness.A.If B.WhetherC.EvenifD.When.hesaysinhisreportisaveryinterestingquestion.A.WhatallB.AllwhatC.What D.Whatthat.Whentheywillstartnotbeendecided.A.have B.is C.does D.has.certainthathisinventionwillleadtothedevelopmentofproduction.A.ThatisB.ThisisC.ItisD.Ithas2、賓語從句：用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的位置與陳述句基本結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語相同。賓語從句可作謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可以作介詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞）和某些形容詞的賓語。1.作動(dòng)詞賓語Doyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosedictionaryitwas.Pleasetellmewhenweshalldiscussourplan.解題技巧：動(dòng)詞find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，要用it作形式賓語，而將that賓語從句后置。如：WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.我發(fā)現(xiàn)早睡早起很重要。hate,like,take,owe,have,takeforgranted等表示“喜歡；痛恨；認(rèn)為”的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語和seeto表示“注意，留意”時(shí)，要用it作形式賓語而將賓語從句后置。如：Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthfulloffood.Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatthecarisinneutral.2hope,tell,say,know,think,consider,imagine,hear,expect,suppose,guess等詞后，可以按陳述句語序接賓語IhopethatIcangetthechancetoattendthattraining..作介詞的賓語Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot.這要看他是否會來。Iwascuriousaboutwhathewilldo旌乂匕我想知道下一步我們該做什么。一般情況下介詞的賓從都由wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)只在極少數(shù)情況下由that引導(dǎo)，分別是：exceptthat（除了 ），besidesthat（此外），butthat要不是（只是）其他介詞的賓語從句若用that引導(dǎo)，則需借用it作形式賓語。E.g.Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheiscareless.Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.對于我的新鄰居我只知道他是一個(gè)作者，其他一無所知。.作形容詞的賓語sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry等表示“情感”的形容詞后可接賓語從句I,msurethattheywillmakeitinspiteoftheterribleweather.I,mextremelysorrythatIhavetroubledyousomuch.真高興我們再次戰(zhàn)勝了困難。..if和whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句為避免歧義，我們常用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句.wh-型疑問詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句wh-疑問詞除why以外，都可接不定式短語作賓語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句Heexplainedtomehowtodriveacar(howhecandriveacar).Hetoldmewhattodonext.(whatIshoulddonext).賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞that不可省略的情況一般情況下，賓語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞that可省略，但下列情況下一般不省略that。1）介詞except,but,besides等后星艮that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)。TheAmericanstoodquitestill,exceptthathislipsmovedslightly.2）that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和主句之間有插入語時(shí)。Ithink,firstofall,thatwemustbelieveinourselves.Hesaid,inhisopinion,thatLeiFengwasagoodexampleofservingthepeopleheartandsoul3）賓語從句為主從復(fù)合句且從句位于主句之前時(shí)。Hesaidthatifhecamebackearly,hecouldcomeforthemeeting.Marysaidthat,asshewasnotwell,shecouldnotgetthehighestscoreinthemidtermexam.4)有多個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略。Ithink(that)itwillclearupthisafternoonandthattheywillcometosaygoodbyetous.5）當(dāng)it作形式賓語，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后置時(shí)。Wehavemadeitclearthatwewilllearntodealwithvariousdifficultproblems.6）當(dāng)when,who,what,where,why,how等引導(dǎo)的從句與that引導(dǎo)的從句作主句謂語動(dòng)詞的并列賓語時(shí)。Iknowwhatthetimeisandthatthewindremainslow..賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移think,believe,suppose,expect等動(dòng)詞后賓語從句，有時(shí)謂語盡管是否定意思，卻不用否定形式，而將think等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。我覺得你不對。 .我不相信他們已經(jīng)完成工作了.我覺得他并不關(guān)心，不是嗎？?2）賓語從句中含有hardly,never,seldom,no,few,little等含否定意義的形容詞或副詞時(shí)，反義疑問句用肯定式Wefindthatheseldomgoestovisithisparents,?.時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)與語序。在賓語從句中只能用陳述句語序，時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)上要遵循以下三條原則：1）如果主句謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，賓語從句的謂語可根據(jù)意思的需要使用任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。CanyoumakesurewhereAlicehasputthegoldring？Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.Doyouknowwhohewastalkingwithateightlastnight?2）如果主句謂語是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句要用表示過去的某一時(shí)態(tài)。Hesaidhewouldcometoseeusthenextday.IwantedtoknowwhetherhehadbeentoBeijing.3）如果賓語從句是表示客觀事實(shí)、真理等，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，賓語從句一律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。DickaskedLucyhowoldsheis.Theteachersaidthesunrisesintheeast..賓語從句中的虛擬在動(dòng)詞insist（堅(jiān)持），order（命令），command（命令）,suggest（建議）,advise（建議），propose（建議），require（要求，需要），desire（要求，渴望），demand（要求），request（要求）等詞后的賓語從句中，不論主句謂語動(dòng)詞用何時(shí)態(tài)，賓語從句中的動(dòng)詞一律用‘（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。ShesuggestedthatRobert（should）gotoLondonandtrytofindajobthere.老師要求學(xué)生在課堂上不應(yīng)該制造如此多的噪音。.賓語從句中的特殊疑問形式（又稱雙重疑問句）在某些賓語從句中，賓語從句的連接代詞或連接副詞常被移到主句之前，構(gòu)成特殊疑問形式，其構(gòu)成為：Wh-/Howdoyou+vt.+賓語從句的其他部分？常見的用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有think,believe,consider,suppose,imagine,expect,guess,say等。Whatdoyouthinkwewilldonext?【練一練】Hewasinterestedinhehadseenattheexhibition.A.which B.thatC.allwhatD.allthatHemadequiteclearthathewouldn'tchangehismind.A.thisB.thatC.it D.what3.Idon'tknow.A.whatwasthematteroutsideB.whatthematteroutsidewasC.whatwasoutsidethematterD.whatwashappenedoutside三、鞏固練習(xí)一）單選題.asmuchasone-fifthofalltimberharvestedisnotused.A.Theestimate B.TheestimateC.TheyareestimatedD.Itisestimatedthat.wasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhoD.What.wehaveachievedisattributedtotheguidanceofourparents.A.WhoeverB.WhateverC.HoweverD.That.yousaynowcan,tmakeupforwhatyou,vedone.A.NomatterB.WhateverC.HoweverD.ThatAlthoughhappenedinthisdevelopedcountrysoundslikesciencefiction,itcouldoccurelsewhereintheworld.A.whichB.whatC.howD.it6.shehadforgottentotakehernotebook.A.Thatoccurredtoher B.SheoccurredthatC.Toherthatoccurred D.ItoccurredtoherthatIamsurethatshesaidiswrong.A.whichB.allC.thisD.whatWelostourwayintheforest,andmademattersworsewasthatitwasgettingdark.A.thatB.whichC.itD.what9.occurredtohimthathehadforgottentolockthedoorwhenhelefthome.A.ThisB.ItC.ThatD.These10.ornotisstilluncertain.A.He,scomingB.IfheiscomingC.ThatcomingD.Whetherhe,scomingIt,she,llbeabletocome.A.doubtwhetherB.doubtfulC.doubtitD.doubtfulwhetherItisthatthebridgehasexistedformorethanthreecenturies.A.appearedB.risenC.saidD.bornhesawbothsurprisedandfrightenedhim.A.ThatB.WhenC.WhatD.Which14.isaspellofwarmsunshine.A.Whatdoweallneed.B.WhatallweneedC.Whatweneed D.Whatweallneed

.isapitythatheshouldfeelsoupset.A.WhatB.ThatC.HeD.ItHetoldmethathetoLondonthenextday.A.wouldgo B.go C.went D.hasgoneHesaidthatlightmuchfasterthansound.A.traveled B.willtravelC.travels D.istravelingA.turnOurteachersaidthatthemoonaroundtheearth.A.turnB.turned C.hasturnedD.turnsHesaidthatAprilthemonth