2023年考研-考研英語二考試參考題庫（帶參考答案）

2023年考研-考研英語二考試參考題庫（帶參考答案）fromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere'snovaluetoit—particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）卷IRadesky'scitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”toshowthat_______.A.itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressionsB.verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchangeC.childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents'moodD.parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds一.單項(xiàng)選擇題(共15題)1.Withsomuchfocusonchildren'suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.2.Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence→1←firmswork,too.Companieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper.→←→2←→←,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D(researchanddevelopment).That’sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking→←→3←→←formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice—itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother'sattention.“Parentsdon'thavetobeexquisitelyparentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild'sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,”saysRadesky.Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe→←→4←→←andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould→←→5←→←thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.cities’averagehappiness→←→6←→←byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.→←→7←→←enough,firms’investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere→←→8←→←.Butisitreallyhappinessthat’slinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities→←→9←→←whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolledforvarious→1←→0←→←thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest—likesize,industry,andsales—andforindicatorsthataplacewas→1←→1←→←tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally→1←→2←→←evenafteraccountingforthesethings.Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useofscreensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”withtheirchildren:“It'sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou'refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.”Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningThecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthors→1←→3←→←to“l(fā)esscodifieddecisionmakingprocess”andthepossiblepresenceof“youngerandless→1←→4←→←managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment.”Therelationshipwas→1←→5←→←strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore→1←→6←→←.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaceswheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappinessinequality.it'sastatisticalguessbasedontheirownproprietarydatabaseandthestatisticalmethodtheyuse."Yourresultswillbelesspreciseifyou'renotEuropean.Themorepeoplefromyourancestralregioninacompany'sdatabase,themoreaccurateyourresultswillbe,saysHankGreely,directoroftheCenterforLawandtheBiosciencesatStanfordLawSchool.ManyAmericanshavenorthernandwesternEuropeanancestry,andsomeevidenceindicatesthey'remorelikelytouseDNAtesting."EvenresultsfromsouthernandeasternEuropearen'tas→1←→7←→←thisdoesn’tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast→1←→8←→←atthatpossibility.It’snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp→accurate,"Greelysays.IfyouareNativeAmericanorAfricanAmerican,noDNAtestcantell1←→9←→←howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture.“Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand→←→20←→←R&Dmorethantheaverage,”saidoneresearcher.youwhattribeyourancestorsbelongedto.Testingcompaniesthatclaimtheycanmisleadingyou,saysGreely.Despitetheaccuracyproblem,At-HomeDNATestsexertsurprisinginfluencesonourlife.______41.________________A.shapeYoucanfindoutyourriskofdiseasessuchascancerandAlzheimer'sfromanat-homeDNAtestkit,butalaboratorycertifiedtodomedicaltestingwillgiveyoumuchmoreconclusiveresults.Onesmallstudyfoundthat40percentofat-hometestkitswerewrongaboutpredictinggeneticabnormalities.Thatsaid,manydoctorssupportat-hometestingsopeoplecantakepreventivestepssooner.B.rediscoverC.simplifyD.share42.________________Theresultsofyourgenetictestingcouldaffectyourabilitytogetinsurance.Whilefederallawprohibitshealthinsurersfromdenyingcoveragebasedongenetictestresults,thelawdoesnotapplytolife,disability,andlong-termcareinsurance.Inmoststates,aninsurancecompanycanlegallyaskfortheresultsofyourDNAtest."Ifyou'replanningtogetlong-term-careorlifeinsurance,buyitbeforeyougettested,"Greelysuggests.3.根據(jù)以下材料，回答21-25題A．HelptodetectasuspectB．DiscoverthepotentialhealthproblemsearlierC．RevealtheunknownsofthefamilyD．HaveanimpactonyourabilitytogetinsuranceE．LeadthepolicementowrongyouasacriminalF．Assisttofindyourhalf-brotherG．Exposeyourancestors43.________________Law-enforcementagenciesareincreasinglyusingfamilytreeDNAdatabasestosolvecrimes,aswasdoneinthearrestofaformerpoliceofficeraccusedofbeingtheGoldenStateKiller.CaliforniadetectivestooktheDNAresultsfromvariouscrimescenes,lookedforpartialmatchesonapublicgenealogydatabase,andeventuallyfoundtheirman.44.________________ofcourse,thatalsomeansarelative'sDNAcouldmakeyouasuspect—evenifyou'reinnocent.ExhibitA：NeworleansfilmmakerMichaelUsrywasidentifiedasamurdersuspectbasedonageneticsamplehisfatherhadsubmittedyearsearlieraspartofachurchgenealogyproject.UsrywaseventuallyclearedafterfurthertestingshowedhisDNAdidn'tmatchtheevidencefromthecrimescene.Privacyadvocatesopposethegovernment'sabilitytousefamilialDNA,andMarylandandWashington,DC,prohibititsuseincriminalcases.IfyousendyourDNAtotwodifferentcompaniestofindoutyourancestry,youmayendupwithtwodifferentresults.That'sbecausethere'snocertificationrequiredforDNA-testingcompanies,andtheirmethodsaren'tindependentlyvalidated,saysTuftsUniversityprofessorSheldonKrimsky,PhD,boardchairoftheCouncilforResponsibleGenetics."Theymaygetthebasicideacorrect—thatyouarealittlelessthanhalfnorthernEuropean,forexample,"hesays."Butwhentheysayyou're30percentfromhereand60percentfromthere,45.________________imaginingthe→18←offollowingthroughonone'scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine→19←itisworththeendeavor."Thinkingaboutlongterm→20←iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity,"Hseesays.Inotherwords,don'treadonlinecomments.YourDNAtestingmayrevealfamilysecrets.Injustoneamongmanysuchstories,a23andMeuserwhotestedhimselfandhisparentsforaclasshewasteachingongeneticsunearthedahalfbrother.Therevelation"uncorked"emotionswithhisfamily,hewroteon,andhisparentseventuallydivorced.第（20）題選______.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.consequencesD.strategies第42題答案是_________A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G5.根據(jù)下面資料，回答1-20題Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith—orevenlookingat—astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyonearoundusseemstoagreebythewaytheyclingtotheirphones,evenwithouta→1←onasubway.4.根據(jù)下面資料，回答1-20題WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto→1←uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill→2←→←tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill→3←.It'sasadreality—ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeings—becausethere's→2←tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldn'tknowit,→←→3←intoyourphone.Thisuniversalprotectionsendsthe→4←:"Pleasedon'tapproachme."Whatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohide→←→5←ourscreens?Inaseriesofexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudents'willingnessto→4←themselvestoOneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,anexecutivementalcoach.Wefearrejection,orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe→6←as"weird".Wefearwe'llbe→7←→←.Wefearwe'llbedisruptive.unpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone→5←→←,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould→6←anelectricshockwhenclicked.Strangersareinherently→8←tous,sowearemorelikelytofeel→9←whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintances.Toavoidthisuneasiness,we→10←toourphones."Phonesbecomeoursecurityblanket,"Wortmannsays."Theyareourhappyglassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore→11←→←."Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified.→←→7←leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould→8←.Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,→←→9←thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.Butonceweripofftheband-aid,tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup,itdoesn't→12←sobad.Inone2011experiment,behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:Starta→13←→←.TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow→14←→←."WhenDr.EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto→15←howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir→16←→←wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,"TheNewYorkTimessummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidn'texpectapositiveexperience,afterthey→17←withtheexperiment,"notasinglepersonreportedhavingbeenembarrassed."Thedriveto→10←isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor→11←→←orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct—itcan→12←newscientificadvances,forinstance—butsometimessuch→13←canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo→14←thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto→15←→←,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto→16←howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto→17←→←toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthat→18←→←,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosewithoutcommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,→←→19←humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.It'sthat→20←:Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.A.individualismB.modernismC.optimism第（18）題選_______.A.InturnB.InparticularC.InfactD.realismD.Inconsequence6.Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingto7.根據(jù)下面資料，回答1-20題Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwouldliketobe.Butdefiningwhatittakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence→1meanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery→1←→←,particularlysincechildren←firmswork,too.Companieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper.→←→2←→←,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D(researchanddevelopment).That’sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking→→3←→←,there'sanothersortofparentthat'sabiteasierto→4←:apatientresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan,→←→2←→←,ayoungersibling.←→3←→←formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.parent.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still,→←→5←everyparentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasy→6←.Sometimesparentsgetexhaustedandfrustratedandareunabletomaintaina→7←andcomposedstylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe→←→4←→←andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould→←→5←→←thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.cities’averagehappiness→←→6←→←byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.→←→7←→←enough,firms’investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere→←→8←→←.ButisitreallyhappinessYou'reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan→8←youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe→9←→←happens:Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaythat’slinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities→←→9←→somethingthatwasabittoo→10←→←anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyoucould←whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolledforvarious→1←→0←→←thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest—likesize,industry,andsales—andforindicatorsthataplacewas→1←→1←→←tolivein,likegrowthin→11←theclockandstartover.We'veallbeenthere.→12←→←,eventhoughit'scommon,it'simportanttokeepinmindthatinasinglewagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally→1←→2←→momentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay→13←foralongtime.←evenafteraccountingforthesethings.ThecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerThismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbutalso→14←yourchild'sself-esteem.firms,whichtheauthors→1←→3←→←to“l(fā)esscodifieddecisionmakingprocess”andthepossiblepresenceof“youngerandless→1←→4←→←managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment.”Therelationshipwas→1←→5←→←strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore→1←→6←→←.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaceswheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappinessinequality.Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour→15←withyourkids,thenyouareinadvertentlymodelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe→16←ofmodelingtoleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytoemotionallyregulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen→17←bystressis→1←→7←→←thisdoesn’tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast→1←→8←→←atthatpossibility.It’snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp→1←→9←→←howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture.“Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand→←→20←→←R&Dmorethantheaverage,”saidoneresearcher.oneofthemostimportantofalllife'sskills.Certainly,it'sincredibly→18←tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourkids.Amorepracticalgoalistotry,tobethebestofyourability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwith→19←situationsinvolvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand→20←fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally.______sympathetictotheotherchild'sdeprivation."That'sgoodnews,"Maltisays,"Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret."第（10）題選A.boringB.naiveMaltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing_______.{A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficienciesB.canresultfromeithersympathyorguiltC.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfactionC.harshD.vague8.Page}根據(jù)下面資料，回答21-25題D.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveactsUnlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild'sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren'tbornknowinghowtosay"I'msorry";rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends--and9.根據(jù)下面資料，回答31-35題Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing—AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$13.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice,whichdoesn'thaveanyphysicalproductatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers'friendshipsandsociallives.theirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeplyuncomfortable--it'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages,theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpoliticaljournalist,whatpartywhip,wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsinwhichTheresaMay'senemiesarecurrentlyplotting?ItmaybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsitowns,buttherecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat."Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,"saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren'tbinary--feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersoftheseservicesdon'tpayforthem.Theusersoftheirservicesarenottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem—andFacebookandGoogle,thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies.Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Somekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.Theproductthey'resellingisdata,andwe,theusers,convertourlivestodataforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsforthehoneydewtheyproducewhentheyfeed,soGooglefarmsusforthedatathatourdigitallivesyield.Antskeeppredatoryinsectsawayfromwheretheiraphidsfeed;Gmailkeepsthespammersoutofourinboxes.Itdoesn'tfeellikeahumanordemocraticrelationship,evenifbothsidesbenefit.Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244children.Usingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild'soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaflermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn'tmagicallybecomemoreAccordingtotheauthor,competitionlaw_______.A.shouldservethenewmarketpowersB.mayworsentheeconomicimbalanceBychecking15progressataboutninemonths,managerscangivethemachancetocorrectmistakesandprovide16tothosewhoneeditbeforetheyearisout.Whenconductingthereview,managersshould17strengthsandweaknessesduringthepastyearanddiscussfutureresponsibilities,avoidingpunishmentorblame.C.shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolutionD.cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket10.Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthat18,whenemployeesleavetheirperformancereviews,theyshouldbefocusingon19youngadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious1tohowtheycanbest2theycandobetterintheyear20,notworryingaboutwhatwentintotheirfilesaboutsuchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand3,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.4theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe5thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare6byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe7toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,8,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,9studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide10opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful11dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe12ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult13visibleinthebackground.thepast.______A.superviseB.commentC.assessD.observe12.根據(jù)下面資料，回答41-45題ThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain,particularlyfromDonaldTrump.Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave14"Wedon'tmakeanythinganymore,"hetoldFoxNews,whiledefendinghisownmade-in-Mexicoattentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized15participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto16elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants17.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptclothingline.Withoutquestion,manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduringrecentdecades,andirresponsibility.18,theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby19furthertradedealsraisequestionsaboutwhethernewshockscouldhitmanufacturing.forrolesthatarewithintheir20andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlyButthereisalsoadifferentwaytolookatthedata.statedrules.______Acrossthecountry,factoryownersarenowgrapplingwithanewchallenge:insteadofhavingtoomanyworkers,theymayendupwithtoofew.Despitetradecompetitionandoutsourcing,Americanmanufacturingstillneedstoreplacetensofthousandsofretiringboomerseveryyear.Millennialsmaynotbethatinterestedintakingtheirplace,otherindustriesarerecruitingthemwithsimilarorbetterpay.A.displayingB.describingC.creatingD.exchanging11.Intheory,annualperformancereviewsareconstructiveandpositiveinteractionsbetweenmanagersandemployeesworkingtogethertoattain1performancesandstrengthentheorganization.Inreality,theyoftencreatedivision,2morale,andsparkangerandjealousy.3,althoughtheobjectoftheannualperformancereviewistoimproveperformance,itoftenhasthe4results.Aprogrammeratabrokeragefirmwas5tolearnatherannualperformancereviewthatshewasdeniedapromotion6shewasn'ta“teamplayer”Whatwerethedatausedtomakethis7.Shedidn'tsmileinthecompanyphoto.Forfactoryowners,italladdsuptostiffcom