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閱讀理解+七選五Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2018·陜西西安地域八校聯(lián)考)Babbage,borninLondonin1791,wasagreatmathematicalgenius.Hewasanaturalinventor.Whenhefinishedschool,hewenttostudymathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.Laterhegotajobteachingattheuniversity.Whileworkingtherehedesignedhis“firstdifferenceengine”.Thiswas,basically
,,,ahand-operatedmechanicalcalculator.Hetooknineyearstobuildapartofthemachine.Thismachinecanmakecomplexmathematicalcalculations.It’sabasicmechanicalcomputer.Babbagedreamed,however,ofmorecomplicatedmachines.Infact,hedidn’tonlydream;hebegantodesignthem.Theresultwasaseriesof“analyticalengines”whichwereinfactpowerfulcomputers!Hisdesignscontainedprocessors,controlunits,amemoryandaninput/outputsystem.Thesearethefouressentialpartsofamodernmathematicalcomputer!Alas!His“seconddifferenceengine
”couldn’tuseelectricitysincethishadn
’tyetbecomeausablesourceofpower,soBabbagehadtomakedowithmechanicalsystems.Forthisreasonthemachinewasbigcomplicatedandexpensive.ThoughBabbageproducedcompleteplansforthemachine
,,,hecouldn’tbuildit.Itwastooadvancedforitsage!Itwasnotuntilalmost160yearslaterthatBabbage’s“seconddifferenceengine”wasfinallymanufactured.ThefirstworkingversionofthismachinewasbuiltbytheScienceMuseuminLondon,fortheBabbagebicentenaryin1991.AsecondmachinewasthenbuiltforanAmericanhigh-techmillionaire,whoputitintheComputerHistoryMuseum,inCalifornia.Babbage’sanalyticalengineswouldhaveused“programs”likethoseusedinthetextile(紡織)industrytomakecomplicatedpatterns,buttheywereneverbuilt.Thisbrilliantmathematicianreallywastoofaraheadofhistime!1.WheredidBabbageplanhis“firstdifferenceengine”?A.InLondon.B.Athighschool.C.AtCambridge.D.InScienceMuseum.2.Whatdoweknowabouthis“seconddifferenceengine”?A.Ittookhimnineyearstobuildit.B.Itwasfaraheadofitstime.C.Itsdesigncameoutinhisdreams.D.Itspowersourcewaselectricity.3.The“seconddifferenceengine”wasbuilttoworkin1991.A.foranAmericanmillionaireB.inmemoryofBabbageC.totestitsabilitytouseelectricityD.fortextileindustrytomakepatterns4.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Babbage’senginesdidn’trunonprograms.B.Textilepatternsareproducedwithprograms.C.Babbagecanbeseenasthefatherofcomputers.D.Babbage’sanalyticalengineswereneverbuilt.BWithgoldensunshineandagentlebreeze,toavalleytoseeredmapletrees,goandpickfruitinanorchardorfindanopenfieldtoflyyourkitein.However,formanyhighschoolstudentsthesegreatactivitiesmaybejustadream.Withplentyofworktodotheyspendalltheirhoursindoors,strugglingforahighmarkintheirexams.Ofcourse
,,,studyisoneofthemostimportantthingsforteenagers.Butlifeisdefinitelymuchmorethanthat.Sometimeswespendsomuchtimestudyingthatweforgethowtomakelifewonderful.Indoingso,welosetherealpurposeoflife—tobeavaluableandhappyperson.Toenjoyjusthowgreatitistobealive,wehavetoputdownourbooksandpensandlookaroundus.Studentstakesomeexercisetoimproveyourhealth
,,talkwithyourparentsandfriendsforunderstandingandwalkaroundoutsidetorefreshyourbodyandmind.Goingoutandenjoyingthebeautifulcountrysideoftenhelpsourcreativityinourwork.Chinesecraftsman,LuBan,createdasawtohelpwoodworkers.Butifhehadn’twalkedoutside,hewouldnothavebeeninspiredbyakindoftoothedgrass.WecouldalsosupposethatifNewtonhadn’trestedunderthatappletree
,thenhewouldn’thavebeenhitbyanapple
,andhisclassictheorieswouldnothavecomeout.Goingoutisnotonlyabreakfromhardworkbutachancetoaddtolifeexperience.Socomeon
,,esureyouwillgetmuchmorethanknowledgefromtheexcitingjourney.5.Inwhichparagraphdoesthewritermakeasummaryabouthisopinion?A.Paragraph1.
B.Paragraph2.C.Paragraph5.
D.Paragraph4.6.Whyisgoingoutadreamformanyhighschoolstudents?A.Theyareunhappytodoso.B.Theirparentsdon’tallowthemtodoso.C.Theythinkstudyisthemostimportantthingforthem.D.Theyhavetoomuchworktodoforgettinghighmarksintheexams.7.Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby.A.makingpredictionsB.reasoningandgivingexamplesC.describingthebeautifulsceneryinautumnD.pointingoutthepresentsituationofhighschoolstudents8.Whatmessagecanyougetfromthepassage?A.Natureispower.B.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.C.Theauthorisn
’thappywithoureducationatall
.D.Goingoutcanmakehighschoolstudentsgetmore.CWhileJenniferwasathometakinganonlineexamforherbusinesslawclass
,amonitorafewhundredmilesawaywaswatchinghereverymove.UsingawebcameraequippedinJennifer
’sLosAngelesapartment
,themonitorinPhoenixtrackedhowfrequentlyhereyesmovedfromthecomputerscreenandlistenedforthesecretsoundsofapossiblehelperintheroom.HerInternetaccesswaslocked
—remotely
—topreventInternetsearches
,andhertypingstylewasanalyzedtomakesureshewaswhoshesaidshewas
:Didsheenterherstudentnumberatthesamespeedasshehadinthepast
?Orwassheslowingdown?Inthebattleagainstcheating
,thisisthecuttingedgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation.Thetechnologygivestrusttotheentiresystem,totheinstitutionandtoonlineeducationingeneral.Onlywithsolidmeasuresagainstcheating
,
expertssay
,canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirexamsanddiplomasarevalid
—thatstudentshaven’tjustsearchedtheInternettogettherightanswers.Althoughonlineclasseshaveexistedformorethanadecade
,theconcernovercheatinghasbecomesharperinthelastyearwitht
hegrowthof
“openonlinecourses.
”Privatecolleges
,publicuniversitiesandcorporationsarejumpingintotheonlineeducationfield.Spendingmillionsofdollarstoattractpotentialstudents,whilealsotakingstepstohelpguaranteehonestyatadistance.Asidefromthewebcameras,anumberofotherhigh-techmethodsarebecomingincreasinglypopular.Amongthemareprogramsthatcheckstudents’identitiesusingpersonalinformation,suchasthetelephonenumberstheyonceused.Otherprogramscanproduceuniqueexamsbydrawingonalargelistofquestionsandcanrecognizepossiblecheatersbyanalyzingwhetherdifficulttestquestionsareansweredatthesamespeedaseasyones.Asinmanyuniversityclasses,termpapersarescannedagainstsomelargeInternetdatabanksforcheating.9.WhywasJenniferwatchedinanonlineexam?A.Tocorrecthertypingmistakes.B.Tofindhersecretsintheroom.C.Topreventherfromslowingdown.D.Tokeepherfromdishonestbehaviors.10.Theunderlinedexpression
“cuttingedge
”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto.A.a(chǎn)dvancedtechnique
B.sharpeningtoolC.effectiverule
D.dividingline11.Someprogramscanfindoutpossiblecheatersby.A.producingalargenumberofquestionsB.scanningtheInternettestquestionsC.checkingthequestionansweringspeedD.givingdifficulttestquestions12.Theauthorofthispassagewantstotellus.A.whattheInterneteducationisB.theimportanceofthewebcameratodayC.whenthestudentscancheatD.howtobeatstudentsexamcheatingonlineⅡ.七選五(2018·江西紅色七校聯(lián)考)DoPeopleNeedSmallTalktoBeHappy?Psychologists(心理學(xué)家)havelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersisanimportantpartofhappiness,butjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderexamination.Inonestudy,researchersfoundthatsmalltalkmadeuponly10%oftheirconversationrelatedwithhappiness.13Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding.Latelastyear,Princetonresearchersreportedthatsmalltalkkeepsclosenesswithlovedones,andisn’tmerelythestuffofawkwardexchangeswithstrangers.Still,chattingwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.Inaseriesofexperiments,psychologistsgaveChicagopassengersdifferentdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowpassenger—somethingtheytypicallyavoided.14Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrejected.Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedtooursurroundings.Peoplewhosmiledat,madeeyecontactwith,andbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksbaristas(服務(wù)員),reportedagreatersenseofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthetransaction(交易).15Onereportfoundthatwhenvolunteersbrokethesilencetochatwithgallerygoers,thevisitorsfelthappierandmoreconnectedtotheexhibitthanthosewhowerenotapproached.16Inonestudy,peoplewhowererated“l(fā)esscurious”byresearchershadtroublegettingaconversationrollingontheirown,andhadgreaterluckbuildingclosenesswithotherswhentheyweresuppliedwithquestionsthatencouragedpersonaldisclosure(透露).Butpeoplewhowereconsidered“curious”needednohelpwhentransformingconversationsaboutordinarythingsintopersonalexchanges.17A.Thesameistrueofgallerygoers.B.Theyfoundthatsmalltalkisrelatedwithhappiness.C.Butdon’tplaydownsmalltalkjustyet.D.Ofcourse,somepeoplearebetterthanothersatturningsmalltalkintosomethingbigger.E.A“curiousmindset”,theauthorconcluded,canleadto“positivesocialinteractions”.F.Makingsmalltalkisanimportantskillforallthesocialsituations.G.Thosetoldtochatwithothersreportedamorepleasantjourney.答案分析Ⅰ.語篇解讀本文介紹了數(shù)學(xué)天才巴貝奇以及他那遠遠超出那個時代的優(yōu)秀貢獻。1.C
[細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第二段中的“
Whenhefinishedschool
,
hewenttostudymathematics
at
Cambridge
University.Later
,
he
got
ajob
teaching
at
theuniversity.Whileworkingthere
,hedesignedhis
‘firstdifferenceengine
’.”可知,巴貝奇在劍橋大學(xué)計劃他的“firstdifferenceengine”。應(yīng)選C。]2.B[細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Alas!His‘seconddifferenceengine’couldn’tuseelectricitysincethishadn’tyetbecomeausablesourceofpower”和“Itwastooadvancedforitsage!”可知,他的“seconddifferenceengine”遠遠超出了它的時代。應(yīng)選B。]3.B[細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Itwasnotuntilalmost160yearslaterthatBabbage’s‘seconddifferenceengine’wasfinallymanufactured.ThefirstworkingversionofthismachinewasbuiltbytheScienceMuseuminLondon,fortheBabbagebicentenaryin1991.”可知,the“seconddifferenceengine”在1991年被制造是為了紀(jì)念巴貝奇壽辰二百周年。應(yīng)選B。]4.C[推理判斷題。通讀全文可知,本文介紹了巴貝奇對計算機發(fā)明作出的巨大貢獻。由此可知,巴貝奇能夠被看作是計算機之父。]語篇解讀文中作者列舉了現(xiàn)在高中生忙于學(xué)習(xí)沒時間出門的現(xiàn)狀,說了然出門會有好多收獲,鼓舞學(xué)生們走出去,去獲取更多東西。5.C[推理判斷題。依據(jù)最后一段第一句和最后一句可知,作者以為出門是一種增添生活經(jīng)驗的時機,我們會從激感人心的旅途中獲取更多的知識。本段總結(jié)了作者的看法。應(yīng)選C。]6.D[細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第二段第二句可知,高中生們有大批的作業(yè)要做,要把全部的時間用于學(xué)習(xí)考高分。關(guān)于他們來說出門活動就是一個夢想。應(yīng)選
D。]7.B[推理判斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“
In
doingso,welosetherealpurposeoflife
—tobeavaluableandhappyperson.Toenjoyjusthowgreatitistobealive
,wehavetoputdownourbooksandpensandlookaroundus.
”可知是運用了論證的方法;第四段中的“LuBan,createdasawtohelpwoodworkers...WecouldalsosupposethatifNewtonhadn’trestedunderth
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