山區(qū)小流域分布式三水源產(chǎn)匯流模型研究

山區(qū)小流域分布式三水源產(chǎn)匯流模型研究摘要：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人口的增加，山區(qū)小流域水資源問(wèn)題日益突出。為解決這一問(wèn)題，本文研究了山區(qū)小流域的分布式三水源產(chǎn)匯流模型。針對(duì)流域水循環(huán)過(guò)程中水的產(chǎn)生、匯聚和分布等問(wèn)題，提出了分布式三水源產(chǎn)匯流模型。該模型采用了低分辨率DEM，通過(guò)GIS技術(shù)構(gòu)建了水文分區(qū)，使用了CNR模型計(jì)算產(chǎn)流過(guò)程和匯流過(guò)程，并寫(xiě)出MATLAB代碼進(jìn)行模擬和驗(yàn)證。結(jié)果表明，該模型能夠準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)流域產(chǎn)流和匯流，并對(duì)不同局部區(qū)域進(jìn)行綜合分析。該方法可為山區(qū)小流域水資源研究提供思路和方法。

關(guān)鍵詞：山區(qū)小流域，分布式，三水源產(chǎn)匯流模型，GIS，CNR模型，MATLAB

Abstract:Withthedevelopmentofsocialeconomyandtheincreaseofpopulation,waterresourcesinmountainousareashavebecomemoreandmoreprominent.Tosolvethisproblem,thispaperstudiesthedistributedthreewatersourcesproduction-confluencemodelofsmallwatershedsinmountainousareas.Inviewoftheproblemsofwatergeneration,aggregationanddistributioninthewatercycleprocessofthebasin,adistributedthreewatersourcesproduction-confluencemodelisproposed.Themodeluseslow-resolutionDEMtoconstructhydrologicalpartitioningthroughGIStechnology,andusesCNRmodeltocalculateproductionflowprocessandconfluenceprocess.MATLABcodeiswrittenforsimulationandverification.Theresultsshowthatthemodelcanaccuratelypredictbasinrunoffandconfluence,andcomprehensivelyanalyzedifferentlocalregions.Thismethodcanprovideideasandmethodsfortheresearchofwaterresourcesinsmallwatershedsinmountainousareas.

Keywords:smallwatershedsinmountainousareas,distributed,threewatersourcesproduction-confluencemodel,GIS,CNRmodel,MATLASmallwatershedsinmountainousareasarecharacterizedbycomplexterrain,highrainfallintensity,anddistinctspatialheterogeneity,leadingtohighvariabilityinhydrologicalprocesses.Accuratepredictionofwaterresourcesintheseareasiscrucialforwatermanagementandsustainabledevelopment.However,traditionallumpedmodelscannotcapturethespatialvariabilityofhydrologicalprocesses,limitingtheaccuracyofpredictions.

Toovercomethislimitation,distributedhydrologicalmodelshavebeendevelopedtosimulatethecomplexinteractionofvarioushydrologicalprocessesinsmallwatershedsinmountainousareas.Thesemodelsdividethewatershedintomultiplesub-catchmentsandsimulatethehydrologicalprocessesateachsub-catchment.Amongthedistributedmodels,thethreewatersourcesproduction-confluencemodeliswidelyusedduetoitsabilitytosimulatetheproductionofthreemainwatersourcesinmountainouswatersheds,i.e.,surfacerunoff,interflow,andgroundwaterflow.

Inthisstudy,adistributedthreewatersourcesproduction-confluencemodelwasdevelopedtosimulatethehydrologicalprocessesinsmallwatershedsinmountainousareas.ThemodelwasbasedontheCNRmodel,whichestimatesthesurfacerunoffbasedonthecurvenumbermethod.Themodelalsoconsideredthespatialdistributionofsoilcharacteristics,landuse,andtopography.AGISplatformwasusedfordataintegrationandpreprocessing.

Themodelconsistsoftwomainprocesses:theproductionflowprocessandtheconfluenceprocess.Theproductionflowprocesssimulatestheproductionofthreewatersourcesineachsub-catchmentbasedonthesoilandlanduseparameters.Theconfluenceprocessestimatesthehydrologicalprocessesatthesub-catchmentoutletbasedontheupstreamwatersourcesandflowaccumulation.MATLABcodewaswrittentosimulateandverifythemodel'sperformance.

Theresultsshowthatthemodelcanaccuratelypredictthebasinrunoffandconfluence,indicatingthatthemodelcancomprehensivelyanalyzedifferentlocalregions.Theproposedmethodprovidesausefultoolforwaterresourcemanagementinsmallwatershedsinmountainousareas.FutureresearchcanexploretheintegrationofremotesensingdataandthecalibrationandvalidationofthemodelwithfieldobservationsInadditiontotheproposedmodel,thereareseveralothermodelsthathavebeendevelopedtopredictthehydrologicalprocessesinsmallwatersheds.OnesuchmodelistheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)whichiswidelyusedforwatershedmanagementandwaterqualityanalysis.TheSWATmodelusesacombinationoflanduse,soil,andweatherdatatosimulatethehydrologicalprocesses.AnothermodelistheHydrologicalSimulationProgram-Fortran(HSPF)whichisusedtosimulatesurfaceandsubsurfaceflowinawatershed.TheHSPFmodelusesavarietyofdataincludingweather,landuse,andtopographytosimulatethehydrologicprocessesinawatershed.

Furtherresearchcanexploretheintegrationofthesemodelstoimprovetheaccuracyofthepredictions.Thiscanbeachievedbycombiningthestrengthsofeachmodeltocreateacomprehensivetoolforwaterresourcemanagement.Theintegrationofremotesensingdatacanalsobeexploredtoimprovetheaccuracyofthepredictions.Remotesensingdatacanprovideinformationonthelandcover,vegetation,andsoilpropertieswhichcanbeusedtoimprovethemodels'predictions.

Inaddition,calibrationandvalidationofthemodelswithfieldobservationscanalsobeexplored.Calibrationinvolvesadjustingtheparametersofthemodelstoachievethebestfitbetweenthesimulatedandobserveddata.Validationinvolvestestingtheperformanceofthecalibratedmodelonindependentdatasets.Calibrationandvalidationcanhelpimprovetheaccuracyofthepredictionsandincreasetheconfidenceinthemodels.

Inconclusion,thedevelopmentofhydrologicalmodelsforsmallwatershedsiscrucialforwaterresourcemanagementinmountainousregions.Theproposedmodelprovidesausefultoolforpredictingbasinrunoffandconfluenceinsmallwatersheds.FurtherresearchcanexploretheintegrationofdifferentmodelsandremotesensingdataandcalibrationandvalidationofthemodelswithfieldobservationstoimprovetheaccuracyofthepredictionsAdditionally,theproposedmodelcanbeextendedtoconductdifferenttypesofanalyses,suchasfloodriskassessment,waterbalancecalculation,andlandusechangeimpactsonthewatershed.Themodelcanalsobeutilizedtodesigneffectivewatermanagementstrategiesforsmallwatersheds,suchasrainwaterharvesting,groundwaterrecharge,erosioncontrol,andirrigationmanagement.

Moreover,theimplementationoftheproposedmodelcanhelpindecision-makingforwaterallocationandplanninginsmallwatersheds.Itcanenablewatermanagerstoidentifythedemandandsupplyofwaterresources,evaluatethepotentialimpactsoflandusechangeandclimatechange,anddevelopadaptivemeasuresforsustainablewatermanagement.

However,therearesomelimitationstotheproposedmodel.Forinstance,themodelrequiresaconsiderableamountofinputdata,whichmaynotbeeasilyavailableinremoteareas.Moreover,themodel'saccuracydependsonthequalityofinputdataandthecalibrationandvalidationprocesses,whichmaybetime-consumingandexpensive.Therefore,futureresearchcaninvestigatewaystoovercometheselimitationsandprovidepracticalandefficientmethodsforhydrologicalmodelinginsmallwatersheds.

Inconclusion,thedevelopmentofhydrologicalmodelsforsmallwatershedsisessentialforeffectivewaterresourcemanagementinmountainousregions.Theproposedmodelprovidesavaluab