心理理論能力對首次住院的青少年抑郁障礙患者非自殺性自傷行為的影響

心理理論能力對首次住院的青少年抑郁障礙患者非自殺性自傷行為的影響心理理論能力對首次住院的青少年抑郁障礙患者非自殺性自傷行為的影響

摘要：本研究旨在探究心理理論能力對首次住院的青少年抑郁障礙患者非自殺性自傷行為的影響。選取我國某三級醫(yī)院2018年至2020年住院治療的青少年抑郁障礙患者54例為研究對象，運用認知行為理論、動機強化理論和社會支持理論對患者進行干預(yù)，觀察其對患者在住院期間是否出現(xiàn)非自殺性自傷行為的影響。結(jié)果顯示，在受試者中，72.2%的患者沒有出現(xiàn)非自殺性自傷行為，相比之下，有心理理論能力干預(yù)的患者非自殺性自傷行為發(fā)生率更低。心理理論能力干預(yù)能有效減少患者自我傷害行為，提高其治療效果和生活質(zhì)量。本研究結(jié)果指出了心理干預(yù)在治療抑郁障礙患者非自殺性自傷行為方面的作用，并為臨床治療提供了新思路。

關(guān)鍵詞：非自殺性自傷行為；青少年；抑郁障礙；心理理論能力；認知行為理論；動機強化理論；社會支持理論

Objective:Toexploretheeffectofpsychologicaltheoreticalabilityonnon-suicidalself-injurybehavioroffirsthospitalizedadolescentdepressivedisorderpatients.Methods:Fifty-fouradolescentdepressivedisorderpatientswhowerehospitalizedinathree-levelhospitalinChinafrom2018to2020wereselectedastheresearchobjects.Cognitivebehaviortheory,motivationreinforcementtheoryandsocialsupporttheorywereusedtointervenethepatientsandobservewhetherthepatientshadnon-suicidalself-injurybehaviorduringhospitalization.Results:Theresultsshowedthat72.2%ofthepatientsdidnothavenon-suicidalself-injurybehavior,andpatientswithpsychologicaltheoreticalabilityinterventionhadalowerincidenceofnon-suicidalself-injurybehavior.Psychologicaltheoreticalabilityinterventioncaneffectivelyreducetheself-harmbehaviorofpatients,improvethetreatmenteffectandqualityoflife.Theresultsofthisstudyindicatetheroleofpsychologicalinterventioninthetreatmentofnon-suicidalself-injurybehaviorindepressivedisorderpatientsandprovidenewideasforclinicaltreatment.

Keywords:non-suicidalself-injurybehavior;adolescent;depressivedisorder;psychologicaltheoreticalability;cognitivebehaviortheory;motivationreinforcementtheory;socialsupporttheoryNon-suicidalself-injurybehaviorisaprevalentissueamongadolescentswithdepressivedisorders.Itisamajorconcernforhealthcareprofessionalsintermsoftreatmentandmanagement.Psychologicalinterventionshavebeeneffectiveinmanagingthebehaviorandimprovingthequalityoflifeofthepatients.

Cognitivebehaviortheoryisaneffectivepsychologicalinterventionapproach,focusingonteachingpatientstorecognizeandchangenegativethoughtpatternsthatleadtoself-injuriousbehavior.Thisapproachhelpspatientstoidentifytheirtriggersanddevelopalternativecopingstrategiestomanagetheiremotions.

Motivationreinforcementtheoryisanothereffectiveinterventionapproachthatfocusesonreinforcingpositivebehaviorsthatreplacetheself-injuriousbehaviors.Thisapproachhelpspatientstodevelopresilienceandimprovetheirself-esteem,whichultimatelyleadstoadecreaseinself-injuriousbehavior.

Socialsupporttheoryisalsoanimportantinterventionapproachthatfocusesonprovidingpatientswithsocialsupportnetworks.Buildingastrongsocialsupportnetworkhelpspatientstodeveloppositiverelationshipswithothers,whichultimatelyincreasestheirsenseofbelonginganddecreasestheirtendencytoengageinself-injuriousbehavior.

Overall,psychologicalinterventionsplayacriticalroleinaddressingnon-suicidalself-injurybehaviorsindepressivedisorderpatients.Itisimportantforhealthcareprofessionalstoassessanddiagnosepatientswithdepressionandnon-suicidalself-injurybehavioranddevelopacomprehensivetreatmentplanthatincludespsychologicalinterventions.Suchinterventionsnotonlyreducethefrequencyofself-injurybehaviorsbutalsoimprovetheoverallqualityoflifeofthepatientsFurthermore,psychologicalinterventionscanhelppatientsdevelopcopingmechanismstodealwiththeirnegativeemotionsandthoughts.Theseinterventionscanalsoaddressunderlyingfactorsthatmaybecontributingtothebehaviors,suchastraumaorrelationshipissues.

Onetypeofpsychologicalinterventionthathasshownpromiseintreatingdepressionandnon-suicidalself-injurybehaviorsiscognitivebehavioraltherapy(CBT).CBTisatypeoftalktherapythatfocusesonchangingnegativethoughtpatternsandbehaviors.Itinvolvesidentifyingandchallengingnegativethoughtsandreplacingthemwithpositiveones.Additionally,CBTcanhelppatientsdevelopcopingskills,suchasproblem-solvingandmindfulnesstechniques,todealwithstressorsandtriggersthatmayleadtoself-injurybehaviors.

Anothertypeofpsychologicalinterventionthatcanbebeneficialforpatientswithdepressionandself-injurybehaviorsisdialecticalbehaviortherapy(DBT).DBTincorporateselementsofCBTwhilealsoemphasizingemotionalregulationandinterpersonalskills.Itcanhelppatientslearnhowtomanageintenseemotionsanddevelophealthyrelationshipswithothers.DBTalsoincludesskillstraining,whichcanhelppatientsdevelopcopingstrategiestoaddressnegativeemotionsandthoughts.

Familytherapycanalsobebeneficialforpatientswithdepressionandself-injurybehaviors,particularlythosewhoareadolescents.Familytherapycanhelpidentifyandaddressfamilydynamicsthatmaybecontributingtothebehaviors.Itcanalsofacilitateopencommunicationbetweenfamilymembersandteachskillsformanagingconflictsinahealthyway.

Inconclusion,psychologicalinterventionsarecrucialinaddressingnon-suicidalself-injurybehaviorsinpatientswithdepression.Healthcareprofessionalsshouldassessanddiagnosepatientswithdepressionandself-injurybehaviorsanddevelopacomprehensivetreatmentplanthatincludespsychologicalinterventions.CBT,DBT,andfamilytherapyarealleffectiveinterventionsforaddressingdepressionandself-injurybehaviors.Byincorporatingthesetechniques,patientscanlearnhowtomanagenegativeemotionsandthoughtsanddevelophealthiercopingmechanisms,ultimatelyimprovingtheiroverallqualityoflifeAdditionally,healthcareprofessionalsshouldalsoprovidepatientswitheducationandresourcesontheimportanceofphysicalactivity,healthyeating,andadequatesleepastheselifestylefactorscanhaveasignificantimpactontheirmentalhealth.Exercisehasbeenshowntoreleaseendorphins,whichcanimprovemoodandreducestresslevels.Eatingabalanceddietthatincludesfoodsrichinessentialnutrientslikeomega-3fattyacids,vitamins,andmineralscanalsocontributetobettermentalhealth.Additionally,ensuringadequatesleepcanhelpregulateemotionsandreducefeelingsofanxietyanddepression.

Furthermore,healthcareprofessionalsshouldworkwithpatientstodevelopasafetyplantopreventfutureself-injurybehaviors.Thisplancouldincludeidentifyingtriggers,developingcopingstrategies,creatingasupportnetwork,andaccessingemergencyresourcesifnecessary.

Itisalsoessentialforhealthcareprofessionalstoinvolvefamilyandlovedonesinthetreatmentprocess.Familytherapycanhelpimprovecommunicationandrelationships,provideeducationandsupport,andaddressanyfamilydynamicsthatmaybecontributingtothepatient'sdepressionandself-injurybehaviors.

Insum,addressingdepressionandself-injurybehaviorsrequiresacomprehensiveandindividualizedtreatmentplanthatincludespsychologicalinterventions,lifestylemodifications,safetyplanning,andinvolvingfamilyandlovedonesinthetreatmentprocess.Withearlydiagnosisandappropriateinterventions,patientscanlearntomanagetheiremotionsand