文物建筑修復(fù)用天然水硬性石灰的有機(jī)-無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)合改性研究

文物建筑修復(fù)用天然水硬性石灰的有機(jī)-無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)合改性研究文物建筑修復(fù)用天然水硬性石灰的有機(jī)/無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)合改性研究

摘要：

為了提高文物建筑修復(fù)材料的性能，本文研究了天然水硬性石灰的有機(jī)/無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)合改性。在有機(jī)改性方面，選擇了纖維素和明膠作為添加劑，在無(wú)機(jī)改性方面，選擇了納米碳酸鈣和硅酸鈉作為添加劑。通過(guò)正交實(shí)驗(yàn)和單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)，確定了最佳的添加劑用量及條件。并通過(guò)掃描電鏡、X射線衍射、紅外光譜等手段對(duì)改性后的材料進(jìn)行表征。

研究結(jié)果表明，添加纖維素和明膠可以提高材料的延展性和可塑性，而添加納米碳酸鈣和硅酸鈉可以提高材料的強(qiáng)度和硬度。同時(shí)，復(fù)合改性后的材料具有較好的抗水解性和耐風(fēng)化性，可以應(yīng)用于文物建筑的修復(fù)。

關(guān)鍵詞：天然水硬性石灰；有機(jī)/無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)合改性；纖維素；明膠；納米碳酸鈣；硅酸鈉；文物建筑

Abstract：

Inordertoimprovetheperformanceofrestorationmaterialsforculturalrelicsandbuildings,thispaperstudiestheorganic/inorganiccompositemodificationofnaturalhydrauliclime.Inorganicmodification,celluloseandgelatinwereselectedasadditives.Ininorganicmodification,nanocalciumcarbonateandsodiumsilicatewereselectedasadditives.Theoptimaladditivedosageandconditionsweredeterminedbyorthogonalandsingle-factorexperiments.Themodifiedmaterialswerecharacterizedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy,X-raydiffraction,infraredspectroscopy,etc.

Theresultsshowthataddingcelluloseandgelatincanimprovetheductilityandplasticityofthematerials,whileaddingnanocalciumcarbonateandsodiumsilicatecanimprovethestrengthandhardness.Moreover,thecompositemodifiedmaterialshavegoodresistancetowatererosionandweathering,whichcanbeappliedtotherestorationofculturalrelicsandbuildings.

Keywords:naturalhydrauliclime;organic/inorganiccompositemodification;cellulose;gelatin;nanocalciumcarbonate;sodiumsilicate;culturalrelicsandbuildingsNaturalhydrauliclime(NHL)isatypeofbuildingmaterialthathasbeenwidelyusedfortherestorationofculturalrelicsandbuildingsduetoitsexcellenthydraulicpropertiesandcompatibilitywithhistoricalstructures.However,theintrinsicpropertiesofNHLarelimited,whichcanaffectitsdurabilityandmechanicalperformance.Therefore,itisnecessarytoimprovetheperformanceofNHLusingorganic/inorganiccompositemodificationtechniques.

Organicmaterialssuchascelluloseandgelatinhavebeenreportedtoenhancetheductilityandplasticityofthematerials.Celluloseisanaturalpolymerthatcanformstronghydrogenbondswithothercellulosemolecules,resultingintheformationofathree-dimensionalnetworkstructure.Thisnetworkstructurecaneffectivelyimprovetheoverallductilityofthematerialandpreventcrackingunderdeformation.Gelatinisanotherorganicmaterialthatcanimprovetheplasticityofthematerial.Itformsagel-likestructurethatcanabsorbanddissipateenergyunderexternalforces,therebyenhancingtheresistancetodeformation.

InorganicmaterialssuchasnanocalciumcarbonateandsodiumsilicatehavealsobeenwidelyusedtomodifyNHL.Nanocalciumcarbonatehasalargesurfaceareaandhighreactivity,whichcaneffectivelyimprovethestrengthandhardnessofthematerial.ItcanalsoimprovethebondingstrengthbetweentheNHLandothermaterials.Sodiumsilicate,ontheotherhand,canenhancethehardnessandweatherresistanceofthematerial.Itformsahardandprotectivelayeronthesurfaceofthematerial,whichcaneffectivelypreventerosionandweathering.

Insummary,theorganic/inorganiccompositemodificationofNHLhasbeenproventobeaneffectivemethodtoimproveitsmechanicalanddurabilityproperties.Theincorporationoforganicmaterialssuchascelluloseandgelatincanenhancetheductilityandplasticityofthematerial,whiletheadditionofinorganicmaterialssuchasnanocalciumcarbonateandsodiumsilicatecanimprovethestrength,hardness,andweatherresistanceofthematerial.Thesemodifiedmaterialshavegreatpotentialforapplicationintherestorationofculturalrelicsandbuildings,contributingtothepreservationofourhistoricalheritageInadditiontotheapplicationsinculturalheritagepreservation,modifiedbiomaterialsalsohavepotentialinotherfields.Forexample,incorporatingchitosannanoparticlesintopolyvinylalcoholcancreateamaterialthatcaneffectivelyadsorbheavymetalsanddyesinwastewatertreatment.Theadditionofsilvernanoparticlescancreateantimicrobialmaterialsthatcanbeusedinmedicalapplicationstopreventinfections.

Anotherareaofpotentialapplicationisinpackagingmaterials.Modifiedbiomaterialssuchasstarch-basedfilmshavebeenfoundtohavegoodbarrierpropertiesthatcaneffectivelyprotectthepackagedproductfromexternalfactorssuchasmoisture,oxygen,andUVradiation.Thesematerialsarealsobiodegradable,makingthemanenvironmentallyfriendlyalternativetotraditionalplasticpackagingmaterials.

Inthefieldof3Dprinting,modifiedbiomaterialscanalsoplayarole.Byusingamixtureofpolylacticacidandcellulosefibers,amaterialcanbecreatedthathasgoodmechanicalstrengthandcanproduceprintedobjectswithhighprecision.Theincorporationofnanoparticlescanalsoimprovethemechanicalpropertiesoftheprintedobjects.

Overall,modifiedbiomaterialshavegreatpotentialforawiderangeofapplications.Byusingnaturalmaterialsandmodifyingthemforspecificpurposes,wecancreatematerialsthatarenotonlyeffectivebutalsoenvironmentallyfriendly.Asresearchinthisfieldcontinues,wecanexpecttoseemoreinnovativeapplicationsofmodifiedbiomaterialsinthefutureInadditiontothecurrentapplicationsofmodifiedbiomaterialsmentionedabove,therearealsopotentialfutureapplicationsthatcangreatlybenefitvariousindustries.

Onesuchapplicationisinthefieldoftissueengineering.Modifiedbiomaterialscanbeusedasscaffoldstosupportthegrowthofcellsandassistintissueregeneration.Byincorporatingspecificbioactivemoleculesintothematerial,thescaffoldcanstimulatethegrowthofnewtissueandpromotehealing.Thisapplicationhasthepotentialtorevolutionizethetreatmentofinjuriesanddiseasesthatcurrentlyhavelimitedtreatmentoptions.

Anotherpotentialapplicationofmodifiedbiomaterialsisindrugdeliverysystems.Bymodifyingthepropertiesofthematerial,nanoparticlescanbecreatedthatarecapableofcarryingdrugsdirectlytothedesiredsiteinthebody.Thismethodofdrugdeliveryhasthepotentialtogreatlyimprovetheefficacyoftreatmentswhileminimizingsideeffects.

Modifiedbiomaterialscanalsobeusedinthedevelopmentofsensortechnology.Byincorporatingspecificmoleculesorparticlesintothematerial,itcanbedesignedtohaveuniquesensingcapabilities.Thishasthepotentialtorevolutionizethefieldofsensinganddetection,allowingforthecreationofmoreaccurateandsensitivesensorsforavarietyofapplications.

Finally,modifiedbiomaterialscanbeusedinthedevelopmentofbioplastics.Byusingnaturalmaterialsandmodifyingtheirproperties,bioplasticscanbecreatedthatarebothenvironmentallyfriendlyandhigh