英語(yǔ)二作文模板付款后考研基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法講義

[ ]網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂系 also…eg:LastyearImetKateandwebecamefriends.Eithermyunclecandoit,ormyauntcandoeg:Ithasnomouth,butitcaneg:Helikedsports,whileIwouldrathercollect練習(xí)：20096Cerlingsteamcollectedtapwatersamplesfrom600citiesandconstructedamopoftheregionaldifferences.（簡(jiǎn)單句）Mosthydrogenandoxygenatomsinwaterarestable,buttracesofbothelementsarealsopresentasheavierisotopes.（并列句）I,you,he,she, me,you,him,her,it,my,your,his,her,②名詞性物主代詞：mine,yours,hishersourstheirs，后面不能加名詞。eg:MayIborrowyourpen?Mineiseg：ImyselftookMarytotheIcookedit指示代詞：thisthat,theseall,each,allevery可以指代三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物；all可以表示所有東西的總和，是一個(gè)不可分割的整體；each只能表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人，側(cè)重；②all和every側(cè)重整體，each側(cè)重eg：EverystaffoftheuniversitycontributedtotheTwogirlscame,andI anappletoeg：Everyonethinkstheyhavetherighttobeeveryone既可以指人，也可以指物，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)，通常用everyoneofeg：Everyoneofushasfaults Everyoneofthefiwehaveshownthisyearhasbeenanonoone只能指人，none既可以指人，也可以指物，none后面還可以接eg：NoonefailedtheNoneofthestudentsfailedtheititeg：It'sthreeyearssinceIsawiteg：I'velostmybook.WhereisThereisnodoubtaboutitthathewasafineiteg：Isitpossibletolearntypewritingveryit做形式賓語(yǔ)，通常放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（形容詞）之間，真正的賓語(yǔ)放常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：feel,consider,find,believe,make,take,imagine,thinksuppose,regardeg：Shethinksitnouselingme.Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldn'tagreetothe如何區(qū)分強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的it和形式主語(yǔ)中的it？eg：It'sclearthattheyhaveIt'sthat去掉后，剩下的部分依然能構(gòu)成完整的句子，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句；否則，即為可以加上the，或者直接用復(fù)數(shù)名詞，或者加上數(shù)詞來(lái)進(jìn)行限定。s/esyyi，再加es,eg：SeveralhundredswereondutyatthedemonstrationCattleareallowedtograzeonthevillage加the.①apieceof②abitof、anitemof、anarticlesad＆sans（，od＆ods（林，goods（商品，ash和ashes（廢墟）eg：GermanyisaEuropeaneg：Isthisthebookthatyouarelooking

eg：Doyouknowwhoinventedthe表示大約的詞匯：about，approxima y，around，roughly，some，moreorless,orso;eg：About200peoplewerekilledinthecrash.Thetownis orsofrom表示多于的詞匯：above，morethaneg：It's2:57,andit'salmost3o'clockeg：Therearemillionsofkindsofmatterintheeg：Shehasmanypencils,blueandeg：Ithinkheisamansuitableforthe AcertainMr.Wangjustcameheretolookforeg:theold,thepoor,theblind,therich,theyoung,them形容詞和副詞的supreme，inferior，junior，senior，prioratto如absolute，entire，excellent，favorite，final. 常見(jiàn)的修飾的詞有：much、still，even，byfar，abit，alittle,agoodeg：ThephotographyofMarstakenbysalitearemuchclearerthanthosetakeneg：Heismorecleverthanhonest.eg：Theharderyouwork,themoreyouwilleg：Igetupat7o'clockintheIleaveschoolforhomeat6everyeg：Theteachertoldus:theearthmovesaroundtheShanghailiesintheeastof常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterdaylastweek,anhouragotheotherdayin1982eg：DidyougotoShanghailast補(bǔ)充：usedto/beusedeg：Mikeusedtotakeawalk.eg：MikeisusedtotakingaHeisusedtotakingashowerwithcoldbeusedtodoeg：LeavesareusedtofightenemiesinKongfumoviesasthe quitecatch A. B. C. D..eg：BeforeIcametoBeijing,Ihadstayedineg：Whenthearrived,thethieveshadruneg：Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyouWehadthoughtthathewouldtakepartinthecompetition，butheeg：Ifyouhadcometomybirthdayparty,youwouldhaveseen eg：WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst？begoingto不定式，表示將來(lái)；表示要發(fā)生的事情有了預(yù)先的計(jì)劃、準(zhǔn)備或有跡eg：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?Whatwillyoudothisafternoon?eg：Weareto/willdiscussthereportnextSaturday.eg：HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.eg：Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowcome,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，主要用eg：Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsinteneg：I'llwritetoyouassoonasIarriveineg：Ihavejustfinished Ithasrainedfor3eg：IcametoBeijinginIhavestayedinBeijingsince,,間eg：Hehaddinnerwithmeyesterday.Ihaveyedbasketballfor3work,study,know；過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish, getmarried等；eg：HegotmarriedtwoyearsIhavelivedinBeijingfor10Itisthefirstsecondtime…that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.ItwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenThisisthethat…結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)這是我看過(guò)的最好的Thisisthefirsttime(that)I'veheardhimsing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。HaveyoubeentoourtownNo,it'sthefirsttimeIA.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havelargestfishIhaveeverseen.Itiswasthefirsttime+that-clause的句型中，從句要用完成時(shí)。since和for的用法：since用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度;eg：Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwas在時(shí)間段后加egIhavelivedheresincetwentyyearsago.錯(cuò)句：Ihaveworkedheresincemanyyears.since句型：eg：ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduateItisthreeyearssinceIjoinedtheeg：Ithasrainedfor3days.Ithasbeenrainingfor3eg：IhavebeenlearningEnglishfor5IhavebeenlearnedEnglishfor5

havebeenTheyweregivenawarmsendTheirweddingwillbeheldinthechurch.不強(qiáng)調(diào)施動(dòng)者，而只強(qiáng)調(diào)受動(dòng)者；eg：Thebookwaswritten20yearsago. 1.2009年12月Despitethehardshipheencountered,Mark放棄：giveup,giveup/abandon/quitthepursuitofknowledgegaveup/abandoned/quit 2.2009年6月Thestudyshowsthatthepoorfunctioningofthehumanbodyiscloselyrelatedtothelackof3.2008年12月

decidedto：決定；創(chuàng)業(yè)：launchtheirownenterprisedecidedtolaunchtheirownenterprise4.2008年6月Ican’tbootmycomputernow.Somethingmust（一定出了毛?。﹚ithits出了毛?。簅utofSomethingmustbeoutofcontrol/wrongeg：IknowtheThegirlcomesfromIknowthegirlwhocomesfromwhowhicheg：IlikereadingThebookswerewrittenbyOIlikereadingbookswhichwerewrittenbyOHenry.eg：Intedatree.ThetreeistallerthantheThetreewhichIntedistallerthantheeg：TheteacherprizedtheTheboyismyTheboywhotheteacherprizedismyneighbor.eg：Thisisthebook.YouarelookingfortheThisisthebookwhichyouarelookingfor.eg：Thisisthebook.YouareinterestedintheThisisthebookwhichyouareinterestedeg：lookfor,beinterestedin,lookafter,look任何位置的改動(dòng)；如果謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞關(guān)系疏遠(yuǎn)，介詞一般提到which/who/that的前面；eg:ThisisthebookwhichyouarelookingThisisthebookwhichyouareinterestedThisisthebookinwhichyouareinterested.Thisisthebookwhichyouaskedfor.eg：BeijingistheIwasbornintheBeijingisthecewhichIwasbornin.BeijingistheceinwhichIwasBeijingisthecewhereIwasborn.eg:Ican'tforgettheday.IjointhearmyontheIcan'tforgetthedaywhichIjointhearmyon.Ican'tforgetthedayonwhichIjointhearmy.Ican'tforgetthedaywhenIjointhearmy.判斷：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastThisisthemountainvillageinwhichIvisitedlastyear.ThisisthemountainvillagewhichIvisitedinlastyear.正確：Thisisthemountainvillagewhich/thatIvisitedlasteg：IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithIwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.IwillneverforgetthedayswhichIspentintheeg：Isthisthemuseum（that）youvisitedafewdaysago?themuseum：充當(dāng)visit的賓語(yǔ)Isthisthemuseum(inwhich/where)theexhibitionwas5句Inourschool，therewere8foreignteacherswhocomefromAustralia.（eg：Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlasteg:Hewonthefirstceinthecompetition,whichisoutofourWewillspendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,whichwasdecidedlastyear.Thisisthehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth.which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在后面，as則只能放在句eg:Smokingisharmfultoourheath,whichweknow.Smokingisharmfultoourheath,asweknow.Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoourheath.eg：Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss（）cameasasurpriseA. B.thatC.asD.that，只能用which：非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，即逗號(hào)之后；eg：Thetree,thatis400yearsold,whichisveryfamoushere.不能用that，只能用which；eg：Thetree,thatis400yearsold,whichisveryfamousWedependontheland,hat：因?yàn)?；eg：HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Leehastheonlytheveryeg：Thisistheonlywaythatwecanthinkeg：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveevereg：Theyaretalkingabouttheschoolandtheteachersthattheyvisited例：Medical Theyhaven’tfoundsolutions/answerstotheseTherearemanyproblemswhichtheyhaven’tfoundsolutions/answers，thisComparedwiththeceinwhich/whereIgrew（聽到他告訴我的消息）Icouldn’thelplaughingHearingthenewswhich/thathetold例：CareerexpertssaythatoneofthewaysjobseekerscanstaysafewhileusingtheInternettosearchoutjobsistoconcealtheiridentities.eg：Iknowtheman,theoftheNewOrientaleg：HeisaWhoisaeg：IknowtheHeisaIknowthefactthatheisastudent.eg：Ihaveaquestion.AreyouaIhaveaquestionwhetheryouareastudent.Ihaveaquestionwhoisastudent.hope,message,news,promise,prove,question,thought等，后面可以接同位語(yǔ)從句；如果是陳述句，直接加that引導(dǎo)；eg：ThenewssoonspreadthewholeTheyhadwontheThenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadthewholeschool.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamecame.Newscamethattheyhadwonthegame.eg：Informationhasbeenissued.MoremiddleschoolstudentwillbeadmittedtoInformationthatmoremiddleschoolstudentwillbeadmittedtouniversitieshasInformationhasbeenissuedthatmoremiddleschoolstudentwillbeadmittedtouniversities. ThequestionwasansweredbythefamilydoctorWhetherweshouldsendforanThequestionwhetherweshouldsendforanspecialistwasansweredbythefamily如果關(guān)系詞為weather，howwhat,如果名詞前的關(guān)系詞為when,where,whywhen前面的名詞是地點(diǎn)，where前面的名詞如果關(guān)系詞為whichwhich如果關(guān)系詞為thatthat在句子中充當(dāng)成分，則eg：Thesuggestionthatsheshouldstayintheroomisgood.Thesuggestionthatshehasgiveninthemeetingisgood.例：Thefactthatordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation'smoralclimate,saysthisethicsprofessorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.eg：WemustfindoutwhodidallIwanttoknowwhetherhewillcome.Ihopethathewillcome.eg：Theteachertoldusthattheearthiseg：ToddPark,alocaldetective,saidthemethodhashelpedhimlearnmoreaboutanunidentifiedwomanwhoseskeletonwasfoundnearGreatSaltLake.eg：Ithinkthatyouare面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是don'tdoubt，則后面從句的連接詞一定是that；eg：Idoubtwhetherheislingthetruth.Idon'tthatheislingthetruth. think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到eg：Idon'tthinkIknowIdon'tbelievehewill seemappearItdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretoItdoesn'tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnydayeg：isnolongerwhatsheusedtoThequestioniswhoisresponsibleforwhathas或者eg：Thatthecollegewilltakeinmorestudentsistrue.Whetherhewillcomeornothasn'tbeendecided.Whyheisn'thereisnotcleartoeveryone.iteg：Itisapitythatyoushouldhavetoeg：ItisclearthatthewholeprojectisduetoItisnecessary/important/strange/natural+that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定要用should+動(dòng)詞；eg：ItisnecessarythatoneshouldmastertheskillsofoperatingItis+過(guò)去分詞+主語(yǔ)從句；Itissaid/nted/expected…eg：Itissaidthat Bushwillvisitourschoolnextweek.eg：Itseemedcertainthathewillwintheprize.eg：Weathershewillcomeornotisunknown.（主語(yǔ)從句）Itisunknownwhetherhewillcomeornot.（主語(yǔ)從句）Idon'tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.（賓語(yǔ)從句）Thequestioniswhetherhewillcomeornot.（表語(yǔ)從句）Thequestionwhetherhewillcomeornotisnotsettled.（同位語(yǔ)從句）例：09年6月(很多人沒(méi)有的)isthatSimonisaloverofsports,andfootballparticularwhatmanypeople 例：0812月Itwasverydark,butMaryseemedto knowwhichwaytotakebyinstinct例：0712月Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeis Ifeel/gettiredmoreeasilythan例：08年6Globalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,but-regardlessofwhetheritisorisn't-wewon'tdomuchaboutit.例： Becausetheyusuallyreceivethesamescoreonstandardexaminations.Thereisoftendisagreementatwhoisthebetterstudent,Boboren？例：08年12Yourresumeshouldattractawould-beboss'sattentionbydemonstrating whyyouwouldbethebestcandidateforacertain例：SincemychildhoodIhavefound Nothingismoreattractive/appealingtomethaneg：IgotupIwaslateforBecauseIgotuplate,Iwaslateforschool.（原因狀語(yǔ)從句Igotuplate，soIwaslateforschool.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句通常由where,wherever，everywhereeg：WhereIlivethereareplentyofWhereveryouwork,youwillgainmuchvaluableexperienceaslongasyouaretoWherever=nomatterEverywheretheywent,theywerewarmlyreceived.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.eg:Whereyouareconfident，youwilleg：Wherepreviouslythebankhadconcentratedonthebiginfrastructureprojects,suchasdams,roadsandbridges，itbegintoswitchtoprojectswhichdirectlyimprovedthebasicservicesofacountry.concentratedonas,asifasthough，thewaywhateg：AlwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneWhenenterRomedoastheRomanseg：Theycompleyignorethesefactsasif(asthough)theyneverHelooksasif(asthough)hehadbeenhitbyItlooksasiftheweathermaypickupveryeg：Ishoulddothejobthewaymyfatherdid.ManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheUS.thewaymanyAmericansMexicanasacheapcetovacation,shopandeg：Airistomanwhat/aswateristo句型：AistoBwhatCistoeg：A1Gorecallsglobalwarmingan"inconvenienttruth,"asifmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolution.putsbonapathtoasolutionthat,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incaseeg:Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat(lest)heshouldforgetHetooktheumbrellawithhimlestitshouldeg：Taketheumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.forfeatthat：和lest保持一致；eg：Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganizedsothatparticipantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoontosomethingelsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipantsdown.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so…that或such…that引導(dǎo)；so保留，that可以省略；如此……以至eg：Hedidn'tabidebythecontractsothathewasfined.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn'tfallasleep.Hemadesuchaninspiringspeechthateverybodygot比較：so（1）so：so+形容詞、副詞+that；so+形容詞+a/an+名詞+that；eg：Thewindwassostrongthatwecouldhardlymoveforward.HerunssofastthatIcouldn'tcatchupwithhim.Itwassohotadaythatcropswilted.HeissolovelyaboythateveryonelovesItwassuchahotdaythatcropswilted.Heissuchalovelyboythateveryonelovesthan,as…as…，notsoas…，（not)thesameas,the+eg：Lighttravelsfastthansound.eg：Thesooner，theegGirlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandartkeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool-theprophecy（) esself-fulfilling,trapwomeninaviciouscircle(惡性循環(huán))ofneglect.6當(dāng)……的時(shí)候：while,whenasWhenIwaswatchingTV,mymothercameback.while：強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，一邊……一邊……；eg：Myfatheriscookingwhilemymotherisreadingnewspaper.as：eg：Astimewentby,thedaysbecamelongerand一……就……：assoonas,主將從現(xiàn)；用directly，immedia y,instantly連接兩個(gè)句子；一些名詞如theminute，themoment,theinstant也可表示；nosooner…than,hardly…eg：Iwillwritetoyouthemoment/minuteIarrivedineg:Isleptuntil WaittillIcallShedidn'tarriveuntil6eg:Untilyoutoldme,Ihadheardnothingofwhateg：Asyousleepyoupassthroughasequenceofsleepstates—lightsleep,deepsleepandREM(rapideyemovement)sleep—thatrepeatsapproximayevery90minutes.連接詞：ifonce,aslongasonconditioneg：IfwintercomescanspringbefarAslongasitdoesn'train,wecanYoucangooutonconditionthatyouwearanModerncarsarefartoughertostealastheirenginemanagementcomputerwon'tallowthemtostartunlesstheyreceiveauniqueIDcodebeamedoutbytheignition(點(diǎn)火)key.連接詞：becausesince,as,for，nowthat,inthat,owingto,dueto,thanksto,becauseofasaresultof;比較：because,since,asbecause語(yǔ)勢(shì)最強(qiáng)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所不知的原因，回答why問(wèn)題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見(jiàn)的或已為人們所知，就用as或since。Ididn'tgo,becauseIwasSince/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourbecausefor來(lái)代替。但如果不是說(shuō)明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。Heisabsenttoday,because/forheisill.Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.nowthat:eg：Nowthatthissemesterisfinished,Iamgoingtorestafewdaysandtakeatrip.Humanbeingsaredifferentfromanimalsinthathumancanspeakandthink.區(qū)分eg：Although/thoughheisachild,hecanlivebyhimself.as表示雖然的時(shí)候，要進(jìn)行倒裝；Childas/thoughheis,hecanlivebyhimself.eg：Although/thoughsheworksveryhard,shemakesverylittleprogress.Hardassheworks,shemakesverylittleAlthough/thoughsheisyoung;shehastravelledtomanycountriestoputshows.Youngassheis,shehastravelledtomanycountriestoputshows.eg：Heisexperiencedwhileheisyoung.Theanti-agentwasnotknown untiladoctorfinditbychance.Iwouldprefershoponlinetoshopinadepartmentstorebecause itismoreconvenientandButsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrandsaren’tavailableinstores,mostdinersdon’tnoticeorcare.Whilethere’snoquestionthatcontinuousstressisharmful,severalstudiessuggestthatchallengingsituationsinwhichyou’reabletorisetotheoccasioncanbegoodforyou.替換，如果是人，用who；如果是物，用which；that既可以指人又可以指物。which/who/thatwhich正好表示時(shí)間，可以表達(dá)成whenwherewhy；eg:Hewonthefirstceinthecompetition,whichisoutofourwhich引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在后面，as名詞性從句：主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句及同謂語(yǔ)從句；形式：名詞+從句；連接詞thateg.Yuminhong,theofNewOrientalweather或者if如何區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同謂語(yǔ)從句：whether，what，how接在名詞后面一定是同謂語(yǔ)從句；when，where，why如果前面不是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物，那么是同謂語(yǔ)從句；如果Whetherthenisfeasibleremainstobeproved. Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness. 我擔(dān)心他是否能度過(guò)疾病的期。Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanis Attimewhenhiringqualified peopleis ingmoredifficult（定語(yǔ)從句，employerswhocaneliminate biasfromtheprocesshaveadistinctadvantage.（定語(yǔ)從句）Eg.While（讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）eventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhen（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）theyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,e