2023年考研外語押題預測卷5

考研外語押題預測卷5一、UseofEnglish1>Mostofuswouldliketobeboth(1)andcreative.WhywasThomasEdisonabletoinventsomanythings?Washesimplymoreintelligentthanmostpeople?Didhespendlonghourstoilingawayinprivate?Surprisingly,whenEdisonwasayoungboy,histeachertoldhimhewastoo(2)tolearnanything.Otherfamouspeoplewhosecreativegeniuswent(3)whentheywereyoungincludeWaltDisney,whowasfiredfromanewspaperjobbecausehedidnothaveanygoodideasandEnricoCaruso,whosemusicteachertoldhimthathis(4)wasterrible.Disney,EdisonandCarusowereintelligentandcreativemen;(5),expertsoncreativitybelievethatintelligenceisnotthesameascreativity.Creativityistheabilitytothinkaboutsomethinginnewandunusualways,andto(6)outuniquesolutionstoproblems.Whencreativepeopleareaskedwhatenablesthemtosolveproblemsinnewways,theysaythattheabilitytofindaffinitiesbetween(7)unrelatedelementsplaysakeyrole.Theyalsosaythattheyhavethetimemightbeavailableforthosenotincludedinthegovernmentscheme.wasbroughttopeople'smindsbyadvancementofbroadwidthtech.ITdirectorsfeelcomfortablebecausesafeguardsarenolongerreallynecessary.theremoteworkforceisexpandingrapidly.C.theyaremoreconfidentoftheirnetwork'ssafety.D.theirstaffgeteasieraccesstotheinternet.TheexampleofTelewestismentionedtoshowthatA.theBusinesseliminatestheunbalanceofpeople'slife.B.it'shardtopleasepeople'svariousdesires.C.theBusinessissophisticatedinluringcustomers.D.thediversedemandsforremoteworkingarebeingmet.ThebesttitleforthepassagemightbeRemoteWorkingIsIn.TelecommunicationTechIsEverImproving.Work-LifeBalanceNeedstoBeKept.D.TechnologyMakesRemoteWorkingaReality.0“106>Scientistshavelongwarnedthatsomelevelofglobalwarmingisadonedeal一dueinlargeparttoheat-trappinggreenhousegaseshumansalreadyhavepumpedskyward.Now,however,researchersarefleshingouthowmuchfuturewarmingandsea-levelrisetheworldhastriggered.Theimplicitmessage:〃Wecan'tstopthis,sohowdowelivewithit?〃saysThomasWigley,aclimateresearcheratNCAR.Onegroup,ledbyGeraldMeehlatNCAR,usedtwostate-of-the-artclimatemodelstoexplorewhatcouldhappeniftheworldhadheldatmosphericconcentrationsofgreenhousegasessteadysince2000.Theresults:Eveniftheworldhadslammedonthebrakesfiveyearsago,globalaveragetemperatureswouldrisebyabout1degreeFahrenheitbytheendofthe21stcentury.Sealevelswouldrisebyanother4inchesover20th-centuryincreases.Risingsea-levelswouldcontinuewellbeyond2100,evenwithoutaddingwaterfrommeltingglaciersandicesheets.Therisehighlightstheoceans'enormouscapacitytoabsorbheatanditsslowreactiontochangesinatmosphericconditions.Theteamraneachmodelseveraltimeswitharangeof〃whatif〃concentrations,aswellasobservedconcentrations,forcomparison.Temperatureseventuallylevelout,Dr.Meehlsaysinreviewinghisteam'sresults.〃Butsea-levelincreaseskeepongoing.Therelentlessnatureofsea-levelriseisprettydaunting./zDr.Wigleytookaslightlydifferentapproachwithasimplermodel.Heransimulationsthatcappedconcentrations,at2000levels.Ifconcentrationsareheldconstant,warmingcouldexceed1.8degreesF.by2400.Thetworesearchersaddthatfarfromholdingsteady,concentrationsofgreenhousegasescontinuetorise.Thus,atbest,theresultspointtotheleastchangepeoplecanexpect,theysay.Theideathatsomelevelofglobalclimatechangefromhumanactivitiesisinevitableisnotnew.Butthewordhasbeenslowtomakeitswayintothebroaderdebate."Manypeopledon'trealizewearecommittedrightnowtoasignificantamountofglobalwarmingandsea-levelrise.Thelongerwewait,themoreclimatechangewearecommittedtointhefuture,〃Meehlsays.Whiletheconceptofclimate-changecommitmentisn'tnew,thesefreshresults"telluswhat'spossibleandwhat'srealistic”andthatfortheimmediatefuture,''preventionisnotonthetable,〃saysRogerPielkeJr.,directoroftheCenterforScienceandTechnologyPolicyResearch.ToPielkeandothers,thismeansadaptationshouldbegivenamuchhigherprioritythatit'sreceivedtodate."There'saculturalbiasinfavorofprevention,/zhesays.Butanysoundpolicyincludespreparationaswell,headds.〃Wehavethescientificandtechnologicalknowledgeweneedtoimproveadaptationandapplythatknowledgeglobally./zAccordingtotheresearchofNCAR,iftheconcentrationswereheldsteadyat2000levels,A.theocean'scapacitytoabsorbheatwoulddecline.B.thesea-levelwouldkeeponincreasing.C.theglobalaveragetemperaturewoulddecrease.D.significantclimatechangewouldnottakeplace.GlobalwarmingissomethingA.gettingworsebecauseofaculturebias.causedbytheriseofthesealevel.C.peoplehavetolivewith.D.wedon'tneedtoworryaboutinthefuture.By〃atbest,theresultspointtotheleastchangepeoplecanexpect”,(Paragraph3)theresearcherstrytotellusthattheimpactofclimatechangeisrelativelyminor.theglobalwarmingisinevitableinthenearfuture.concentrationsofgreenhousegasescannotbeheldsteady.theatmosphericconditionswillbebetterthanpeoplethink.TheviewsofPielkeandDr.Wigleyonhowtofaceglobalwarmingplementary.opposite.TheauthorwritesthispassagetoA.callonpeopletopreventglobalwarming.B.presenttheresultsfromtworesearchmodels.appealtopeopletotakeadaptationaspriority.forecastthefuturetrendsofglobalwarming.11、TomBurkerecentlytriedtoprintoutaboardingpassfromhomebeforeoneofthefrequent/lightshetakes.Hecouldn't.Hisname,oronesimilartoit,isnowononeoftheTransportationSecurityAdministration'sterroristwatchlists.Everyday,thousandsofpeoplelikeBurkefindthemselvesunable{odothingslikeprintaboardingpassandarepulledasideforextensivescreeningbecausetheirname,oranamethatsoundsliketheirs,isononeofthewatchlists.FromtheTSA'sperspective,thescreeningisjustoneofthemanynewlayersofincreasedsecuritythataredesignedtopreventterroristactivity.Theinconvenienceisregrettable,butapricethatsocietyhastopayforsecurity.Andfornationalsecurityreasons,theFBIandothergovernmentagenciesresponsibleforsupplyingnamestothelistswillnotdisclosethecriteriatheyuse.Theysaythatwouldamounttotippingtheirhandstotheterrorists.Butcivillibertariansaremoreconcernedaboutthelong-termconsequenceofthecurrentlists.OnSept.11,2022,theno-flylistcontained16names.Now,thecombinedlistsareestimatedtohaveasmanyas20,000.InternalFBImemosfromagentsreferredtotheprocessas〃reallyconfused"and"notcomprehensiveandnotcentralized.〃Burkeandotherscontendthatsuchcommentsaxedisturbing,becauseitwasduringthefirstyearaftertheattacksthatthewatchlistsgrewexponentially.“TheunderlyingdangerisnotthatTom.Burkecannolongergetaboardingpasstogetonanairline,〃saysalawyer.〃It'sthattheTomBurkesintheworldmayforevermorebeassociated(withtheterroristwatchlist).〃Burkesaystheydoknowthatthelistsaxefrequentlyupdatedanddistributedinternationally,buttheydon'tknowhowtheoldlistsaredestroyed.Theyalsohopetoensurethatsometimeinthefutureapersonwhosenameisonthelist,butisnotaterrorist,doesnotrunintofurthertroubleif,say,lawenforcementinanothercountrythatthey'revisitingcomesacrosstheirnameononeoftheoldlists.Inaddition,airlinesareconcernedthatthelistsarenotupdatedfrequentlyenough.〃We'vebeenencouragingtheTSAtoworkwithalloftheotherfederallaw-enforcementagenciestogetaregularreviewofthenamesthattheysubmittoTSA,becausetherehavebeenreportsthattheseagencieshavesaidthatiftherewasareview,manyofthenamescouldberemoved,z/saysDianaCroninoftheAirTransportAssociation.Thenumberofnamesontheno-flylistincreasesrapidlyfrom16to20,000mostprobablybecauseA.terroristattacksarelaunchedfrequently.B.manypeople'snamesaresimilartoknownterrorists.C.thescreeningsystemisnoteffectiveenough.D.terroristsarenotaccuratelyidentifiedafter9.11.12、IntheeyesoftheTSA,thecurrentsystemisinconvenientandpointless.reasonablebutimperfect.C.effectiveandpraiseworthy.D.necessarybutimpractical.13、TheattitudesofFBIandBurketowardsthereliabilityoftheno-flylistaresimilar.opposite.confusing.ambiguous.14、Accordingtoparagraph4,Burke'sgreatconcernaboutthecurrentsystemisthatA.thesystemfailstoupdateinternationally.B.heisoftenmistakenforaterrorist.thedamagedonebythelistcannotbequicklycorrected.gettinghisboardingpasswilloftentakemoretime.15、TheairlinesmaybesatisfiediftheTSAcanA.distributetheno-flylistsbeforeaflight.B.revisetheterroristwatchlistsmoreoften.C.preventterroristsfromboardingairplanes.D.abolishthecurrentterroristscreeningsystem.16、People,likemostanimals,arenaturallylazy.Sotheascentofmankindissomethingofamystery.Humanswhomaketheirlivingshuntingandgatheringinthetraditionalwaydonothavetoputmucheffortintoit.Farmerswhorelyonraintowatertheircropsworksignificantlyharder,andleadunhealthierlives.Buttherealback-breakingisthatcarriedoutbyfarmerswhouseirrigation.Yetitwastheinventionofirrigation,atfirstsightsoharmfultoitspractitionersthatactuallyproducedasufficientsurplustofeedthepriests,scholars,artistsandsoonwhoseactivitiesarecollectivelythoughtofas〃civilization”.Inthepast10,000years,theworld'sclimatehasbecometemporarilycolderanddrieronseveraloccasions.Thefirstofthese,knownastheYoungerDryas,afteratundra-lovingplantthatthrivedduringit,occurredatthesametimeasthebeginningofagricultureinnorthernMesopotamia.Itiswidelybelievedthatthiswasnotacoincidence.ThedryingandcoolingoftheYoungerDryasadverselyaffectedthefoodsupplyofhunter-gatherers.Thatwouldhavecreatedanincentiveforagriculturetospreadoncesomebrightsparkinventedit.0°18Whyfarmersthenmovedontoirrigationis,however,farfromclear.ButHarveyWeiss,ofYaleUniversity,thinksheknows.Dr.Weissobservesthatthedevelopmentofirrigationcoincideswithasecondcool,dryperiod,some8,200yearsago.Hisanalysisofrainfallpatternsintheareasuggeststhatrainfallinagriculture5supper-Mesopotamianheartlandwould,atthistime,havefallenbelowthelevelneededtosustainfarmingreliably.Farmerswouldthushavebeenforcedoutoftheareainsearchofotheropportunities.Onceagain,aninnovativesparkwasrequired.Butitclearlyoccurredtosomeofthesedisplacedfarmersthattheslow-movingwatersofthelowerTigrisandEuphrates,nearsealevel,couldbedivertedusingcanalsandusedtowatercrops.Andtherest,astheclichehasit,ishistory.Soclimatechangehelpedtointensifyagriculture,andthusstartcivilization.Butanequallyintriguingideaisthatthespreadofagriculturecausedclimatechange.Inthiscase,thepresumedcriminalisforestclearance.MostofthelandcultivatedbyearlyfarmersintheMiddleEastwouldhavebeenforested.Whenthetreesthatgrewtherewerecleared,thecarbontheycontainedendedupintheatmosphereascarbondioxide.Moreover,oneform,offarming一thecultivationofandindependenceina(an)(8)settingto(9)awiderangeofpossiblesolutionstoaproblem.Howstronglyiscreativity(10)tointelligence?(11)mostcreativepeoplearequiteintelligent,the(12)isnotnecessarilytrue.Manyhighlyintelligentpeople(13)measuredbyIQtests)arenotverycreative.Someexpertsremainskepticalthatwewilleverfullyunderstandthecreativeprocess.Othersbelievethatapsychologyofcreativityiswithinreach.Mostexpertsagree,(14),thattheconceptofcreativityas(15)bubblingupfromamagical(16)isamyth.Momentary(17)ofinsight,(18)byimages,makeupa(19)partofthecreative?process.Attheheartofthecreativeprocessareabilityandexperiencethat(20)anindividual'seffort,oftenoverthecourseofalifetime.A.imaginativeB.brilliantC.inventiveD.original2、(2)A.clumsyB.awkwardriceinwaterloggedfields——generatesmethane,inlargequantities.WilliamRuddiman,oftheUniversityofVirginia,explainedthat,incombination,thesetwophenomenahadwarmedtheatmospherepriortothestartoftheindustrialera.Asenvironmentalistsarewonttoobserve,mankindispartofnature.Thesestudiesshowjusthowintimatetherelationshipis.Theinventionofirrigationismeaningfulbecauseitcouldhelptoalleviatefarmers'workload.increaseagriculturalproduction.makeplantingmucheasier.D.getridofhumanlaziness.AccordingtoDr.Weiss,thesecondcoolanddryperiodeventuallyA.changedthegrowingseason.B.spurredtheuseofcanals.C.forcedthefarmerstodesertagriculture.D.ledtodecliningpopulations.Fromthefirstfourparagraphs,wecaninferthatthedawnofcivilizationwasaccompaniedbyhardshipsofhumanexistence.isamysteryasyetunknowntomankind.canbeattributedtotheinnovativesparksofancestors.D.wasrecordedbyhistorybooksendingatthattime.Whichoffollowingtendstowarmtheclimate?A.Todeveloptheirrigationsystem.B.Topromoteorganicagriculture.C.Toreverttohuntingandgathering.D.Toturnfarmlandbackintoforest.ThepassageismainlyaboutA.therelationshipbetweenclimatechangeandcivilization.B.thehistoryofglobalclimatechange.theinteractionbetweennatureandhumansociety.theimpactofthespreadofagriculture:PartB(10points)Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B>C、D>E>F>G)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10points)ThegovernmentpanelthatsetsU.S.vaccinepolicyalreadyhasbegundiscussing''universalimmunization'*asawaytoboostvaccinationratesandreduceflu-linkedsicknessanddeath,Dr.ScottHarperofthefederalCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionsaidatavaccinemeetingthisweek..Harperacknowledgedthattherecentcrisismomentarilyupstageduniversalimmunizationdiscussions,butsaiditremainsaviableproposal..Thevaccinemeeting,heldeveryyear,seekstosetanagendafortheupcomingfluseason.Participants一manywithafinancialstakeingettingmorepeoplevaccinated一saidtheuniversalvaccinationpushislikelytocomewithinthenextfiveyears..Also,fluvaccineisalteredeveryyearbecausetherearealwaysdifferentflustrainscirculating.Theunusedvaccineisdiscardedatseason'send,makingflushotsfinanciallyunappealingformanufacturers..SanofiPasteur'sPhilipHosbachsaidthecompanyhastwoidleU.S.factories"becausethere'snotthereturnontheinvestment.z/Universalvaccinationcouldinthelongtermhelpstabilizesupplyifitincreaseddemand,hesaid..Demandhashistoricallybeenaproblem,too.Millionsoftheat-riskpatientsroutinelyskipannualshots.Somepeopleworrythevaccineisntsafeortheysimplydon'tlikeshots,butmanyalsounderestimatetheseriousnessofflu,saidDr.AnnO'Malley,aresearcherattheCenterforStudyingHealthSystemChange.”Partofourjobistojustkeepthisissueontheradarscreen,z/Harpertoldvaccineproviders,distributorsandmanufacturersatthenationalfluvaccinesummithere.Sofaronlyonecompany,SanofiPasteur,islicensedtomakeU.S.fluvaccinefortheupcomingseason,thoughpublichealthofficialshopetwoothers,includingChiron,willsoongainapproval.Estimatessuggestthatinanaverageyear,fluinfectsabout82millionpeoplenationwide,hospitalizes200,000andkills36,000.Dr.HerbYoungoftheAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicianssaidrecommendingshotsforeveryonecouldeasetheconfusionandthathisgroupismovingtowardsupportingtheidea.Thehurdles,someobserverssay,aredaunting.Unstablesupplyisoneofthebiggest.Thisyearthebestcasescenario一havingabout90millionshotsavailable一isn'tevenenoughforthe180millionhigh-riskpeopleadvisedtogetshots,letalonethetotalpopulationof280million.Theendofachaoticseasonwheremanypeopleseekingflushotswereturnedawaybecauseofashortagemightseemanoddtimetobroachtheideaofvaccinatingevenmorepeople.ButIraLongini,anEmeryUniversitybiostatisticianwhospecializesinvaccineanalysis,saiduniversalvaccinationwouldbeunworkableunlesssupplyproblemscanberesolved.(42)(43)(44)(45)26>PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)Rome,June13——Alawthatimposesstrictrulesonassistedfertilitywillremainonthebooks,afterthefailureonMondayofahard-foughtreferendumthatrubbedintooneofItaly'ssorestspots:therelationshipbetweenchurchandstate.(46)ThefightleadinguptotwodaysofvotingonSundayandMondaymobilizedthenation'spoliticalandreligiousestablishmentslikefewothers,astheleadershipoftheRomanCatholicChurch一includingthenewpope,BenedictXVI一urgedItalianstoboycottthereferendum.Intheend,theoutcomewasnotevenclose.Only26percentofasmanyas50millioneligibleItaliansvoted,meaningthatthereferendumautomaticallyfailed,withthevotesuncounted,initsattempttorepealfourcrucialsectionsofarestrictivefertilitylawpassedlastyear.Forthereferendumtobevalid,50percentofeligiblevotershadtotakepart.(47)Theresultswouldseemanimmediatevictoryforthechurchandfortheyoungpapacy(教皇權禾ll)ofBenedict,inaEuropewherechurchinfluencehasdeclinedsignificantlyinrecentdecades.SimilarreferendumsinItalyondivorceandabortioninthe1970'sand80'spassedoverwhelminglydespitechurchopposition,andItaliansnowseemlikelytodebatewhetherapathyorareverseinsecularisminthehomeoftheRomanCatholicChurchdefeatedthisreferendum.0“25〃TheresultsoftodaymeanthatItalyismaybemoresimilartoTexasthantoMassachusetts^,saidRoccoButtiglione,Italy'scultureministerandafriendofPopeBenedict."Italianswantademocracywithvalues一atvalueshumanlife一andthatiswhytheyrejectedthisreferendum./zForthechurch,theresultsseemedespeciallyimportantsincethereferendumconcernedissuescentraltochurchteachingsonvalues.(48)Thefertilitylaw,passedhereunderchurchlobbyinglastyear,defineslifeasbeginningatconceptionandbansmostexperimentationonhumanembryos(胚月臺)./zrmstruckbythematurityoftheItalianpeople,CardinalCamilloRuini,presidentoftheItalianbishopsconference,toldreporters,accordingtoReuters.CardinalRuini,atopVaticanofficialandcloseaidetoBenedict,regularlyurgedItalianstoabstainfromthereferendum.(49)Concedingaheavydefeatthepoliticalforcesthatsupportedthereferendumcharacterizedtheresultsasablowtothewallsbetweenchurchandstate.TheywarnedthatthechurchwouldnextsetitssightsonItaly'sabortionlaw.“Thereisaproblemoftheclimate,oftheatmosphereinthiscountry,〃EmmaBonino,aleaderoftheRadicalPartywhospearheadedthefightforlegalizedabortionintheearly1980's,toldreporters.〃Itisnotsecular,andit'svery?〃worrying.(50)Butsomeexpertscautionedagainstreadingtoomuchintotheresults,notingthatItalyisaparticularnation,wherechurchandstateareentwinedlikenowhereelse;thatabattleoverabortionwouldbemuchmoredifficult;thatasimilarfightseemedunlikelytogaingroundelsewhereinEurope.(47)(48)(49)(50)參考答案：【一、UseofEnglish]l~5BCDDB6~10AAADAl「20點擊下載查看答案【二、ReadingComprehension]「5DCCDD6?10BCBBClr30點擊下載查看答案C.dumbD.untutored3、(3)despisedhiddendistortedunnoticed4、(4)A.accenttonesoundvoice5、(5)A.althoughB.neverthelesssowhenever6、(6)rootsetcomesolve7、(7)A.seeminglyB.actuallyC.logicallyD.barely8、(8)enjoyableappropriatespecialpleased9、(9)createconstructcomposeentertain10、(10)relatedinteractedbasedassociatedIK(11)A.ThereatB.ThereofC.WhereasD.Whereby12、(12)inverseB.reverseC.transverseD.diverse13、(13)A.aswhichC.whatD.that14、(14)howeverthereforefurthermoreultimately15、(15)spontaneouslyintermittentlycoincidentallyD.simultaneously(16)fountainwellwaterfallD.hotspring(17)A.flashesB.flaresC.glaresD.glints(18)accompaniedshowedinspiredformed(19)smallimportantsignificanttemporary(20)A.changeB.adjustaltershape二、ReadingComprehension1>PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)Moreandmorepeoplearestartingtoworkfromhome,re-assessingtheirz/work-lifebalance〃andcapitalisingonwhatindustrycalls〃remoteworking”.ArecentsurveyofBritishcompaniesshowedthateightoutoftenbusinesseshavenowagreednewworkingarrangementsfortheirpersonnel.Theobjectoftheexercisewastoimprovethework-lifebalanceofemployeesandencouragegreaterlevelsofefficiency.During2022/2022,some900,000requeststoworkflexiblyweremadeunderanewGov-eminentschemeand800,000oftheapplicationsweregranted.Furthermore,sevenoutoftenbusinessessaidthattheyalsowouldbeprepa