考研英語一真題及詳解全

及詳解全2017年考研即將拉開序幕，為了幫助大家更高地備考2017考研英語，下面店鋪為大家提供的2016年的考研英語一的真題及詳解，相Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)SHEET1.(10points)youngmale.Itmayinvolvenotonlyhisparentsandhisfriends,maytakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittletosayintheselection.__4__,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen.__5__aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying__6__agoodfamily.itlastedthreedays,__7__1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand__8__prayersofblessing.Par--tsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhaircutting,__9__cottonthreadssoakedinholywateraroundthebride'sandgroom'swrists,and__10__acandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblessthe__11__.Newlywedstraditionallymoveinwiththewife'sparentsandmay__12__withthemuptoayear,__13__theycanbuildanewhousenearby.Divorceislegalandeasyto__14__,butnotcommon.Divorcedpersonsare__15__withsomedisapproval.Eachspouseretains___16___propertyheorshe__17__intothemarriage,andjointly-acquiredpropertyis__18__equally.Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagenderprejudice__19__up.Thedivorcedmaledoesn'thaveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry__20__thewomanmustwaittenmonths.1.A.bywayofB.withregardtoC.onbehalfofD.aswellas2.A.decideonB.provideforC.competewithD.adaptto3.A.closeB.arrangeC.renewD.postpone4.A.IntheoryB.AboveallC.IntimeD.Forexample5.A.UnlessB.LessC.AfterD.Although6.A.intoB.withinC.fromD.through7.A.orB.sinceC.butD.so8.A.testB.copyC.reciteD.create9.A.foldingB.pilingC.wrappingD.tying10.A.passingB.lightingC.hidingD.serving11.A.associationB.meetingC.collectionD.union12.A.dealB.partC.growD.live13.A.whereasB.untilC.forD.if14.A.avoidB.followC.challengeD.obtain15.A.isolatedB.persuadedC.viewedD.exposed16.A.whereverB.whateverC.wheneverD.however17.A.changedB.broughtC.shapedD.pushed18.A.investedB.dividedC.donatedD.withdrawn19.A.warmsB.clearsC.showsD.breaks20.A.whileB.sothatC.onceD.inthat1.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]aswellas[考點分析]本題考察邏輯關(guān)系[選項分析]因為考察邏輯關(guān)系，所以需要我們先對填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：文章身處大環(huán)境notonly…..butalso之中，這是一個明顯的并列關(guān)系，表示“不僅……而且……”該空與前一句“hisparentsandhisfriends”也是并列關(guān)系，表示“與他本人以及伴侶的父母朋友相關(guān)”所以答案只能是D.aswellas.A.bywayof通過B.withregardto關(guān)于C.onbehalfof代表2.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]decideon[考點分析]上下文語義[選項分析]根據(jù)該句的主語ayoungman與賓語alikelyspouse的關(guān)系，答案只能是A.decideon決定。表示自己決定自己的對象。B.providefor為……提供準(zhǔn)備C.competewith與……競爭D.adapt3.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]arrange[考點分析]上下文語義及動詞辨析[選項分析]該句意思為，他可以自己選擇自己中意的伴侶并讓父母_____相關(guān)事務(wù)。四個選項中，A.close關(guān)閉Crenew更新;恢復(fù)Dpostpone“推遲”，語義不正確，只有Barrange安排是符合語境。4.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]Intheory[考點分析]上下文語義[選項分析]邏輯判斷題。主要是看前后兩句的含義，前面是說“他可以自己選擇自己中意的伴侶并讓父母安排相關(guān)事務(wù)，或者幾乎不參與，完全讓父母選擇自己的對象?！笨崭窈竺嬲f“女方可以拒絕她父母所選擇的對象?！边@兩句之間沒有舉例說明的關(guān)系，且有一個may，le5.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]After[考點分析]上下文語義[選項分析]根據(jù)下文“______aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheother……”知道，只有對象選擇好后，父母才會去調(diào)查研究對方的背景。所以只有after才對。其他選項A.6.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]into[考點分析]上下文語義及介詞詞義辨析[選項分析]這里主要是看marry與相關(guān)介詞的固定搭配。這里marryinto就是指嫁到，而其他選項均沒有這層含義。7.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]but[考點分析]邏輯關(guān)系題[選項分析]根據(jù)上文，說傳統(tǒng)的婚禮時間跨度很長，但是到了1980s,婚禮只持續(xù)一天半。所以與前文發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變。因此要選擇but轉(zhuǎn)8.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]recite[考點分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析[選項分析]空格處需要填一個動詞，和后面的prayersofblessing所搭配，C選項recite為背誦的意思，與所給短語搭配最為合理，譯9.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]tying[考點分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析[選項分析]本題需要根據(jù)上下文語義分析，空格處需要搭配后文“棉花線頭”，縱觀四個選項[A]折疊[B]堆積[C]包裹[D]系上，根據(jù)選項含義，只有D和后文的“棉花10.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]passing[考點分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析[選項分析]本題根據(jù)選項[A]傳遞[B]點亮[C]隱藏[D]服務(wù)，原文空格需要填寫一個動詞與后文“aroundacircle”來搭配，譯為“將11.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]union[考點分析]名詞詞義辨析結(jié)合。本句語義為“這些受尊敬的夫妻祈禱…”根據(jù)語境，結(jié)婚是一種夫妻二人的結(jié)合，因此，選項[D]結(jié)合更符合語境。12.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]live[考點分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析[選項分析]本題比較簡單。根據(jù)語義“根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)，新婚夫婦要搬到妻子父母家，與父母____一年”根據(jù)語境，應(yīng)為[D]居住為最佳答案。13.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]until[考點分析]時間邏輯關(guān)系[選項分析]根據(jù)原文，“_____他們在附近建造一棟新房子”[A]然而[B]直到[C]為[D]如果結(jié)合語境，[B]直到最符合原文語境，搭配最14.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]obtain[考點分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析[選項分析]Divorceislegalandrelativelyeasyto__14__,butnotcommon.該句句意為離婚是合法的，且相對容易____.A.avoid避免B.follow跟隨C.chanllenge挑戰(zhàn)，質(zhì)疑D.obtain獲得。這里出現(xiàn)and,所以對于離婚這件事不可能是避免或是挑戰(zhàn)，但是跟隨和離婚之間語義不符，但是獲得離婚(的批準(zhǔn))是可以的。選D.15.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]viewed[考點分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析[選項分析]Divorcedpersonsare__15__withsomedisapproval.離婚的人…一些不贊同。在段首，已經(jīng)注明離婚是合法的且相對容易得到批準(zhǔn)，但是不常見。這說明離婚在現(xiàn)實中肯定是不太受到人們的歡迎的。而接下來這句就說離婚的人…一些不贊同。再看16.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]whatever[考點分析]語法[選項分析Eachspouseretains___16___propertyheorshe__17__intothemarriage,17個空對應(yīng)的都是動詞，所以該句意思為：Awhenever“無論何地;任何(地方)=anyplacewhere(定從)”。Bwhatever“無論什么;任何(東西)=anythingthat/any+Nthat”。Cwhenever無論何時;任何(時間=anytimewhen)Dhowever無論如何;無論多么。根據(jù)語義，這里應(yīng)該不是讓步的關(guān)系,而且填的這個詞還要能修飾property。因此，選擇B=retainsanypropertythatheor17.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]brought[考點分析]上下文語義及動詞義辨析[選項分析]Eachspouseretains___16___propertyheorshe“帶來”。Cshaped“形成”Dpushed“推，逼迫”。結(jié)合語境只18.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]divided[考點分析]上下文語義及動詞義辨析opertyisequally合選項Ainvested投資.[B]divided平分[C]donated捐贈[D]withdrawn撤出，提取。根據(jù)語義應(yīng)該是共同財產(chǎn)被(夫妻雙方)平19.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]shows[考點分析]動詞固定搭配prejudice__19__up.該句語義為離過婚的人或許會再婚，但是性別偏見…。結(jié)合選項A.warm(up)加熱B.clear(up)變晴C.show(up)顯現(xiàn)20.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]while[選項分析]上下文語義[考點分析]很明顯的兩類人的對比比較關(guān)系。只能選擇while.【真題翻譯】在柬埔寨，伴侶的選擇對于年輕男性來說是一個復(fù)雜的問題。這不僅與他本人以及未來伴侶的父母朋友相關(guān)，而且與媒婆也有著千絲萬縷的關(guān)系。他可以自己選擇自己中意的伴侶并讓父母安排相關(guān)事務(wù)，或者幾乎不參與，完全讓父母選擇自己的對象。理論上來說，女方可以拒絕她父母所選擇的對象。在選好自己的對象后，每個家庭都能會去調(diào)查對方家庭來確保他們的孩子嫁到好人家。傳統(tǒng)的婚禮是一段漫長，多姿多彩的過程。從前會持續(xù)三天，但是到了20世紀(jì)80年代，一般會持續(xù)一天半。佛教徒通常會做簡短誦經(jīng)，并為新人祈福。儀式通常包括剪發(fā)，在新郎新娘的胳膊上系上浸滿圣水的棉繩，在幸福的、受人尊敬的夫婦中傳遞蠟燭來祈禱新人的結(jié)合。通常情況下，新婚夫婦會到妻子父母家里住一年，直到他們在附近建一棟新房子為止。離婚是合法的，而且很容易獲得批準(zhǔn)，但是在實際中這種情況并不常見。離過婚的男女會受到一些人的詬病。夫婦雙方在離婚后可保有他或她婚前帶來的財產(chǎn)，而且可平分婚后共同取得的財產(chǎn)。離過婚的人或許會再婚，但是性別偏見還是很明顯。比如，離過婚的男性再婚前不需要一段等待期而女性則需要等待十個月。SectionⅡReadingComprehensionDirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.Theparliamentypromotingextremedieting.Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.That’sastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeath–assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnotletothersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktoetingtheirwaytosizezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.Intryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressureforenforcement.agreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingtheage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:”Weareawareofctthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople”.Thecharter’smainagenciestoCopenhagenFashionWeek(CFW),whichisrunbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethodofcompliance.Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.ordingtothefirstparagraphwhatwouldhappenin[A]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.[B]Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.[C]Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.[D]Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.nto[A]heighteningthevalueof[B]indicatingthestateof[C]losingfaithiningharmto23.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?[A]TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.[B]NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.[C]Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure.[D]Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.24.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor[A]pursuingperfectphysicalconditions[B]caringtoomuchaboutmodel’scharacter.[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors[D]settingahighagethresholdformodels.25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?[A]AChallengetotheFashionIndustry’sBodyIdeals[B]ADilemmafortheStarvingmodelsinFrance[C]JustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeauty[D]TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry21.答案APhysicalbeautywouldberedefined解析：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)France定位到第一段第一句，主干此外第二段第二句Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinebylooks…故而Aphysicalbeautywouldberedefined為同義替換，即22.答案Ddoingharmtobeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.根據(jù)endup可以看出beautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooks和thatendupimpingingonhealth為順承關(guān)系，所以“改變?nèi)藗儗γ啦粌H僅是外表的定義”可以結(jié)束對健康的危害。故而可以推to23.答案BNewStandardsarebeingsetinDenmark解析：此題是正誤判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句話InDenmark,…itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashion…可知B選項NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark是其同義替換。24.答案Cshowinglittleconcernforhealthfactors解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。一個設(shè)計師很可能因為什么原因被CFW拒絕，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞可回到文中定位至倒數(shù)第二段，首句說丹麥的時尚界就有關(guān)模特的年齡，健康及其他特性的內(nèi)容達(dá)成一致意見，切一項新法案也明確規(guī)定，他們已經(jīng)意識到時尚界對于人們尤其是年輕人的身體健康所帶來的影響，并且該對此負(fù)責(zé)，接著下一句就說，這一法規(guī)的執(zhí)行方式就是拒絕一些設(shè)計師，因為可以推斷設(shè)計師很可能因為不考慮身25.答案DAchallengetotheFashionIndustry’sBodyIdeals解析：主旨題。本文從首段就開始闡述法國的觀點，即時尚界已經(jīng)失去了定義女性身體之美的權(quán)利，且議會也禁止網(wǎng)站通過宣傳過度節(jié)食來強調(diào)過度消瘦。二段繼續(xù)說明美麗不能只看外表更不能以犧牲健康為代價。三段說女性不該讓他人來評判自己的美麗。以及后面的段落中也一直在不斷說明一點，即健康很重要，不能只看外表。所以sttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate”thecountryside”alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthSerivce(NHS)aswhatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.AcenturyagoOctaviaHillLaunchedtheNationalTrustnotforeveryoneforever”.Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellersair.”Hill’spressurelaterledtocreationofnationalparksandyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.Theconservatives’planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation，evenauthorising“off-plan”buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalthosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.ItsCampaigntoProtectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalconservativeparties.iswherepeopleare，incitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroydrecentlyidentifiedwithnointrusionongreenbelt.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.Theideathat”housingcrisis”equals“concretedmeadows”ispurelobbytalk.Theissueisnottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways，wheretoputthem.Underlobbypressure，GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.WedonotruinurbanDevelopmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope’smostcrowedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenabledittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.ThereisnodoubtofthealternativethecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.26.Britain’spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside[A]hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS.[B]didn’tstarttilltheShakespeareanage.[C]isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily.[D]isnotwellreflectedinpolitics.27.AccordingtoParagraph2，theachievementsofthelTrustarenowbeing[A]graduallydestroyed.[B]effectivelyreinforced.[C]properlyprotected.[D]largelyovershadowed.28.whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?[A]Ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation.[B]theConservativesmayabandon”off-plan“building.[C]theLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence.[D]labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment.29.theauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsborne’spreference[A]revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas.[B]showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas.[C]stressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis.[D]highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure.30.Inthelastparagraph，theauthorshowshisappreciation[A]thesizeofpopulationinBritain.[BtheenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain.[C]thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain.[D]thepoliticallifeintodayisBritain.26.答案Disnotwellreflectedinpolitics解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。精讀題干，劃出關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干回到原文精確定位到首段最后一句，該句中的polls民意調(diào)查對應(yīng)題干中的publicsentiment，定位答案處為“thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport”，意思為這在政治支持方面是有限的。與D選項“在政治上沒有得到很27.答案DlargelyovershadowedtheNationalTrust，定位到第二段首句theNationalTrust該句。二段首句只是對Hill的該項目做介紹，需向后看影響。往下可以讀到Hill’spressure這句，寫到“Hill的項目創(chuàng)造出國家公園和綠地。他們不再制造鄉(xiāng)村了，而且每年鋼筋混凝土消耗的鄉(xiāng)村越來越多。鄉(xiāng)村需要持久的保護”。對應(yīng)選項，該項目的成就很大程度上被奪取了光輝。28.答案AUkipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation解析：推斷題。題干問的是從第三段能推出什么，考察的是相應(yīng)段落的段落中心。觀察選項不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項中都是大寫的Ukip，The大寫回段落中尋找，發(fā)現(xiàn)Ukip所在的定位句為Only的倒裝強調(diào)句(倒裝強調(diào)句往往為答案所在處)。該句子意思是：只有Ukip意識到其機會，并支持這些人。和選項A對應(yīng)一下，Ukip可能能從其對農(nóng)村保護獲得好處，是同義替換。29.答案BShowshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas解析：細(xì)節(jié)題問的是作者對于奧斯本的偏好(觀點)的具體看法。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞奧斯本定位至第五段，因為問的是作者對于奧斯本觀點的看法，所以只需要看在奧斯本的觀點之后作者的表達(dá)內(nèi)容，第五段倒數(shù)兩句話就是作者表達(dá)自己觀點的地方，即“我們沒有破壞城市中受到保護的地方”，“你們?yōu)槭裁匆茐泥l(xiāng)村的呢?”這就說明奧斯本一方的觀點是要破壞鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境。所以可得出答案是奧斯本想法表明了他對于鄉(xiāng)村人們的忽視。30.答案Cthe-town-and-countryplanninginBritain解析：根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段，問的是作者欣賞贊同什么，作者的觀點即是文章末段的段落中心，可定位到末段末句。末句指出，避免this會將左右黨派聯(lián)系起來，this代詞指代指代上句中所提到的TEXT3“Thereisonandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness,”is,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedtoceptFriedmanspremiseandregardcorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholders’money,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompanies-atleastwhentheyareprosecutedforcorruption.than$15billionayearonCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesinthatacompany’sproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuyacompany’sproductsasanindirectwaytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffuse“haloeffect,”wherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree.AlrecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbriberyprosecutionsunderAmerica’sForeignCorruptPracticesAct(FCPA).Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany’sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbeinfluencedonlybythehaloeffect.Thestudyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSRprogrammestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties,.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirm’spoliticalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,thataccountedfortheleniency:Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines.Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacasebasedonitsmerits,theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany’srecordinCSR.“Weestimatethateithereliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,suchaschildlabour,orincreasingcorporategivingbyabout20%resultsarelowerthanthetypicalpunishmentforbribingforeignofficials”,saysoneresearcher.ResearchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuchbusinessesoughttospendonCSR.Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesarebankingonthehaloeffect,ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheydecidetheirdo-goodingpolicies.Butatleasttheyhavedemonstratedthatwhencompaniesgetintotroublewiththelaw,evidenceofgoodcharactercanwinthemlesscostlypunishment.31.TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedman’sstatementaboutCSRwith[A]tolerance.[B]skepticism.Cval32.AccordingtoParagraph2,CSRhelpsacompanyby[A]winningtrustfromconsumers.[B]guardingitagainstmalpractices.[C]protectingitfrombeingdefamed.[D]raisingthequalityofitsproducts.33.Theexpression“morelenient”(line2,para.4)isclosestinmeaningtoectiveesscontroversiallasting34.Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase,acompany’sCSR[A]hasanimpactontheirdecision[B]comesacrossasreliableevidence[C]increasesthechanceofbeingpenalized[D]constitutespartoftheinvestigation[A]Itsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenoverlooked.[B]Thenecessaryamountofcompanies’spendingonitisunknown.[C]Companies’financialcapacityforithasbeenoverestimated.[D]Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.31.答案BSkepticism解析：作者觀點態(tài)度題。題干問的是作者對有關(guān)CSR方面MiltonFriedman的說法是什么態(tài)度。根據(jù)大寫MiltonFriedman這個人定位到定位到首段首句。注意題干問的是作者的看法，因此定位到后一句but轉(zhuǎn)折處。轉(zhuǎn)折處的主題句式“thingsmaynotabsolutely32.答案Awinningtrustfromconsumers解析：根據(jù)題干找到第二段.根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容,CSRcouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessinthreeways.從而定位下面三點。First后highquality從句中，從句修飾"signal",而本句謂語動詞是take，與D中raising并不是同義詞，故排除。Second,和third都與消費者購買心態(tài)有關(guān)，和A選項winningtrustfromconsumers相對應(yīng)。而B，C選項的malpractices和defamed在原文中并未出現(xiàn)，且沒有同義詞，故排除。33.答案Clesssevere解析：根據(jù)題干找到第四段對應(yīng)處?？梢婎}干的morelenient是作為修飾penalties(懲罰)的，故推測本句在討論CSR和penalties有什么聯(lián)系。而本段與懲罰相關(guān)的詞只有最后一個詞fines(罰金)，修飾它的形容詞是lower,故可推測morelenient與降低懲罰有關(guān)，只有C34.答案Ahasanimpactontheirdecision解析：題干中問的是CSRrecord與prosecutorsevaluatea說，...theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany'srecoreinB選項中的reliableevidence,C選項中的thechanceofbeingWhenprosecutorsevaluateacase明顯對應(yīng)不上，故不予考慮。35.答案BThenecessaryamountofcompanies’spendingonitisunknown解析：該題是一道判斷題，題干問的是有關(guān)CSR哪個是對的。先根據(jù)CSR回到最后一段，定位到末段首句。首句提到“研究人員承認(rèn)到其研究沒有回答如下問題：公司應(yīng)該在CSR方面花費多少錢”。選項B的意思是公司在其方面的花費是未知的，屬于原文的同義替換。TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstoriesonnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate.“Sometimeinthefuture”,thepaper’spublishersaidbackin2010.Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there’splentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper—printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive;it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetofawayAndthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoJoahPeretti.PerettisaystheTimesshouldn’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway.”Fightingoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldyou’regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou.”Sometimesthat’sworthmakingachangeanyway.Perettigivestheexampleseenasablunder,”hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct.”Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,andthey’dfeelliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein.“Soifyou’reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping,”Perettisaid.“Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue.”Inotherwords,ifyou’regoingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit.WhichwaybewhattheTimesisdoingalready.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcosts$500ayear—morethantwiceasmuchasadigital-onlysubscription.thatBuzzFeeddoesn’thavealegacybusiness,”PerettiremarkedButweregoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingswe’redoingthatdon’tmakesensewhenthemarketchangesandtheworldchanges.Inthosesituations,it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethanlessaggressive.”partlydueto[A]thepressurefromitsinvestors.[B]thecomplaintsfromitsreaders.[C]thehighcostofoperation.[D]theincreasingonlineadsales.37.Perettisuggeststhat,infaceofthepresentsituation,theTimesshould[A]makestrategicadjustments[B]endtheprinteditionforgood.[C]seeknewsourcesofreadership.[D]duct”[A]willhavethecostofprintingreduced.[B]ismeantforthemostloyalcustomers.[C]helpsrestorethegloryofformertimes.[D]expandsthepopularityofthepaper.39.Perettibelievesthat,inachangingworld,[A]traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffected.[B]aggressivenessbettermeetschallenges.[C]cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solving.[D]legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdated.[A]MakeYourPrintNewspaperaLuxuryGood.[B]KeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashion.[C]CherishtheNewspaperStillinYourHand.[D]ShifttoOnlineNewspapersAllatOnce.36.答案Cthehighcostofoperation解析：因果細(xì)節(jié)題，問的是紐約時報考慮停止紙質(zhì)版新聞印刷出版的原因是什么。文章首段首句即是此內(nèi)容的同義表達(dá)，二段解釋具體原因，二段二句內(nèi)容Theinfrastructureisn'tjustexpensive;it'sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon'thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints.意思是維持紙質(zhì)印刷的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)不僅僅是貴，是相當(dāng)貴，而他們的競爭對手卻沒有這樣的經(jīng)濟上的37.答案Amakestrategicadjustments解析：細(xì)節(jié)題，問的是面對目前的形勢，Peretti建議時代雜志怎么做，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Peretti回文定位至第四段，首句內(nèi)容是Peretti說時代雜志不該浪費時間去想著如何停止紙質(zhì)印刷，而應(yīng)該找到一種正確的方法去解決這件事。接著二句往后在具體說明該如何正確解決目前的問題。由此推出答案是A做出策略上的調(diào)整。38.答案Bismeantforthemostloyalcustomers解析：推斷題與詞匯題的結(jié)合，要根據(jù)上下文來做出選擇。首先ofalegacyproduct.不僅要提高價格還要將它變?yōu)橐环N可以傳承的產(chǎn)。需要繼續(xù)往下看在第六段中有沒有對于這個詞的解釋之類的。第六段開頭提到了他認(rèn)為mostconsumer依舊堅持去相信他們認(rèn)為好的東西，喜歡的，相信的東西。如果可以每年增加一些比例，那么依舊是可以創(chuàng)收的。長篇大段的敘述可以讓consumer關(guān)。最為關(guān)鍵的是：緊接著出現(xiàn)了inotherworld，重述上文，不過卻簡潔的總結(jié)了前文。如果我們么對于他們來講就是一件可以傳承的東西了，以前喜歡，會依舊喜歡為做題的關(guān)鍵，對應(yīng)同義替換，選擇B。A低成本沒有在文中相應(yīng)位置涉及到。C重建以往的39.答案Baggressivenessbettermeetschallengeswouldbeamistake.并且一直貫穿于下文。我們首先從選項來看。A不是文中的討論話題，所以可以直接排除。而C選項中謹(jǐn)慎可以促進(jìn)問題的解決，在perreti的觀點中根本沒有體現(xiàn)，相反他建議要有所改變，并且要找對方式，言下之意就是大膽去面對挑戰(zhàn)。所以最終確定40.答案AMakeYourPrintNewspaperaLuxuryGood解析：主旨題。出現(xiàn)在最后一道題目中，全文共有7段，根據(jù)上面的細(xì)節(jié)題目，大致可以確定本文的中心詞為“printnewspaper”B，C兩個選項中的newspaper都屬于范圍過大，是主旨題的典型錯誤選r時提到的一個面臨的一個挑戰(zhàn)，不足以引領(lǐng)全文，并且allatonce,是“立刻，馬上”之意，與原文的觀點也有出入，最終確定選A。PartBInthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)[A]Createanewimageofyourself[B]Decideifthetimeisright[C]Haveconfidenceinyourself[D]UnderstandthecontextwithprofessionalswyourgoalsitefficientNomatterhowformalorinformatheworkenvironment，infirstimpressions.AccordingtoresearchfromPrincetonsitypeopleassessyourcompetencetrustworthinessandlikeabilityinjustatenthofasecond，solelybasedonthewayyoulook.Thedifferencebetweentoday’sworkplaceandthe“dressforsuccess”eraisthattherangeofoptionsissomuchbroader.Normshaveevolvedandfragmented.Insomesettings,redsneakersordressT-shirtscanconveystatus;inothersnotsomuch.Plus,whateverimagewepresentismagnifiedbysocial-mediaserviceslikeLinkedIn.Chancesare,yourheadshotsareitseems,facetheparadoxofbeingtheleastformalgenerationyetthemostconsciousofstyleandpersonalbranding.Itcanbeconfusing.inanupgrade?Andwhat’sthebestwaytopulloffonethatenhanceourgoals?Herearesometips;41.___________________________________________Asanexecutivecoach,I’veseenimageupgradesbeparticularlyhelpfulduringtransitionswhenlookingforanewjob,steppingintoanewormorepublicrole,orchangingworkenvironments.Ifyou’reinaperiodofchangeorjustfeelingstuckandinarut,nowmaybeagoodtime.Ifyou’renotsure,askforhonestfeedbackfromtrustedfriends,colleaguesandprofessionals.Lookforcuesabouthowothersperceiveyou.Maybethere’snoneedforanupgradeandthat’sOK.42.___________________________________________Getclearonwhatimpactyou’rehopingtohave.Areyoulookingtorefreshyourimageorpivotit?Foroneperson,thegoalmaybetobetakenmoreseriouslyandenhancetheirprofessionalimage.Foranother,itmaybetobeperceivedasmoreapproachable,ormoremodernandstylish.Forsomeonemovingfromfinancetoadvertising,maybetheywanttolookmore“SoHo”.(It’sOKtousecharacterizationslikethat.)43.___________________________________________Lookatyourworkenvironmentlikeananthropologist.Whatarethenormsofyourenvironment?Whatconverysstatus?Whoareyourmostimportantaudiences?Howdothepeopleyourespectandlookuptopresentthemselves?Thebetteryouunderstandtheculturalcontext,themorecontrolyoucanhaveoveryourimpact.44.___________________________________________Enlistthesupportofprofessionalsandsharewiththemyourgoalsandcontext.Hireapersonalstylist,orusethefreestylingserviceofastorelikeJ.Crew.Tryahairstylistinsteadofabarber.Workwithaprofessiona