TrainingExBasics德和盛油氣站防雷講座

BasicPrinciplesof

ExplosionProtection

防爆基本原則BasicPrincipleofExplosionProtection

防爆基本原則Thesethreeconditionsmustexist:爆炸發(fā)生的三個必要條件:爆炸物點火源氧氣BasicPrincipleofExplosionProtection

防爆基本原則空氣濃度可燃物在空氣中的濃度濃度太低濃度太高BasicPrincipleofExplosionProtection

防爆基本原則爆炸下限濃度爆炸上限濃度物質名稱乙炔乙烯汽油苯天然氣燃用油/柴油甲烷丙烷二硫化碳民用燃氣氫BasicPrincipleofExplosionProtection

防爆基本原則1.避免產生爆炸環(huán)境2.防止在爆炸環(huán)境出現(xiàn)點火源3.限制爆炸造成的危害整體防暴措施Avoidingofexplosiveatmoshere

避免爆炸環(huán)境產生1可采取以下措施:避免易燃物質（替代技術）/惰性化（充氮，二氧化碳等）/限制濃度/自然或人工通風Preventionoftheignitionofanexplosiveatmoshere

防止爆炸環(huán)境出現(xiàn)點火源2如果不能夠通過基本的防爆措施完全或者部分避免爆炸環(huán)境的存在，那就需要采取措施防止點火源在爆炸環(huán)境中產生。因此根據(jù)爆炸環(huán)境存在概率，將危險區(qū)域進行劃分。Zone0Zone1Zone2

2PrincipleofProtectionZones防護區(qū)劃分

Gases,Dust,Vapours氣體,粉塵,蒸汽ConstructionalRequirementsforExplosionProtectedElectricalApparatus防爆電器的應用要求氣體,蒸汽,霧粉塵爆炸環(huán)境存在頻率連續(xù)長時間經(jīng)常偶爾不常短時間G代表氣體,

D代表粉塵

2ExampleofProtectionZones防護區(qū)劃分示例

Gases,Dust,Vapours氣體,粉塵,蒸汽Zone2Zone1Zone0Zone2Zone1Zone02ExampleofProtectionZones防護區(qū)劃分示例

Gases,Dust,Vapours氣體,粉塵,蒸汽Newmarkingacc.ATEX

新ATEX認證標識Markingacc.ATEX

ATEX認證標識EQUIPMENT-GROUPI(Mining)SufficientSafetyCategoryM1veryhighlevelofprotectionBymeansof2protectivemeasures/2faultsCategoryM2HighlevelofprotectionTheequipmentisintended

tobedenergizedintheeventofan

explosiveatmosphere設備組別I

(采礦業(yè))非常高的防護等級高防護等級類別M1類別M2確保安全通過2個保護措施/2故障點在爆炸環(huán)境下,該類設備禁止通電工作EQUIPMENT-GROUPII(otherexplosiveatmosphere)SufficientSafetyCanbeusedinAtmosphere

G=Gas,D=DustCategory1*veryhigh

levelof

protectionBymeansof2protectivemeasures/faultsZone0Zone20GDZone1Zone21Zone2Zone22Category2*highlevelofprotectionGDGDFrequentlyoccuring

equip-mentfaults/1faultDuringnormaloperationCategory3*normallevelofprotection*II(1)G=associatedelectricalapparatus-installationinthesafeareaMarkingacc.ATEX

ATEX認證標識非常高防護水平高防護水平一般防護水平確保安全通過2個防護措施/故障時常發(fā)生設備故障/1故障點正常運行狀態(tài)可用于環(huán)境G=氣體,D=粉塵AccordingtoEuropeanStandardEExplosionProtectionEquipmentExMarkingacc.ATEX

ATEX認證標識根據(jù)歐洲標準防爆設備TYPESOFPROTECTIONTypeofprotectionMainapplicationStandardMeasurestoreducetheprobailityofsparkformationandincreasedtemperature.Theremustbenoignitionsourcepresentinnormaloperation.Useinconnectionsystems(motors).EN50019IEC60079-7FM3600UL2279IncreasedsafetyeFlameproofenclosureSwitchgearandcontrolgearanindicating

equipment,controlsystem,motors,transformers,

hestingequipment,lightfittingsEN50018IEC60079-1FM3600UL2279dPressurizedapparatusSwitchgearandcontrolcabintes,analysers,largemotorsEN50018IEC60079-1FM3620NFPA496pMarkingacc.ATEX

ATEX認證標識防護類型增安型隔爆型正壓型主要應用以降低火花以及溫升產生的幾率。在正常運轉時，嚴禁產生點火源。用于連接系統(tǒng)（電機）。開關設備和控制設備的顯示設備，控制系統(tǒng)，電動機，變壓器，有溫升設備，照明裝置開關柜和控制柜，分析儀，大型電機標準TypesofProtection

防護類型防護類型只有防暴設備可以用于危險區(qū)域，盡管有基本的防暴措施，但是爆炸環(huán)境還是會存在。根據(jù)EN

50

014（DIN

VDE

0170/0171第一章）一系列標準建筑法規(guī)，防暴電器設備會有很多的防護類型。制造商可以根據(jù)儀器的類型和功能選擇不同的保護形式。從安全的角度來看，所有的標準防護形式都是等效的。但是這里說明下，n型防護模式只能使用在Zone

2區(qū)域。TransformersstartingresitorsEN50015IEC60079-6FM3600UL2279OilimmersionoSandenclosureTransformers,capacitors,terminalboxesforheatingconductorsEN50017IEC60079-5FM3600UL2279qCastenclosureSwitchgearforlowpower,controlandsignallingunits,displayunits,sensorsEN50028IEC60079-18FM3600UL2279mIntrinsicsafetyInstrumentationtechnology,communicationtechnology,sensors,acutatorsEN50020IEC60079-11FM3610UL2279I*TypeofprotectionnAllelectricalapparatusforZone2,lightningequipment,lesssuitableforswitchgearandcontrolgearEN50021IEC60079-15nMarkingacc.ATEX

ATEX認證標識本安型充油型充砂型澆封型N型變壓器起動電阻互感器，電容器，加熱導體防護殼低功耗設備開關器件,控制和指令單元,顯示單元,傳感器儀器儀表和通信技術，傳感器，驅動器所有2區(qū)電氣設備,照明設備,不適合開關和控制設備EXPLOSIONGROUPS

ACCORDINGCENELEC,IEC,NEC505ExplosiongroupIIIAIIBIICTypicalgasMethanePropaneEthyleneHydrogen爆炸等級組別---依據(jù)CENELEC,IEC,NEC505爆炸等級組號典型氣體甲烷丙烷乙烯氫Markingacc.ATEX

ATEX認證標識ClassificationofGasesanVapoursintoEXPLOSIONGROUPSandTEMPERATURECLASSESIMethaneIIAAcetoneEthaneAmmoniaBenzol(pure)AceticacidMethane(naturalgas)MethanolPropaneTolueneIIBCoalgas(lightninggas)煤氣IICHydrogenEthanoli-Amylacetaten-Butanen-ButylalcoholEthyleneActyleneT1T2BenzeneDieselfuelAircraftfuelHeatingoiln-HexaneT3AcetylaldeydeEthyletherT4CarbondisulphideT5T6Markingacc.ATEX

ATEX認證標識按照爆炸等級組別和溫度級別分類甲烷丙酮

乙烷

氨

粗苯(純)

醋酸

甲烷

(天然氣)

甲醇

丙烷

甲苯乙醇

i-戊酯

n-丁烷

n-丁醇苯

柴油燃料

飛機燃料

燃用油

n-己烷乙醚乙烯乙炔氫二硫化碳TEMPERATURECLASSESMaximum

surfacetemperature450°C300°C200°C135°C100°C85°CCENELECIECUSA(NEC505)T1T2T3T4T5T6Markingacc.ATEX

ATEX認證標識溫度級別最高表面溫度TypicalTypesofProtectionfor

SPD‘s

SPD的典型防護類型IntrinsicallysafetyEx(i)inacc.withEN50020

依據(jù)EN50020的本質安全型Ex(i)TypicalSPDs-useableforearthfreeEx(i)-circuits:可用于不接地本安Ex(i)電路的:BCTMODMDEX24BCTMODMDEX30BCTMODMDHFDEX6BXTML4BDEX24;BXTML4BCEX24DCORKMDEX24DPIMDEX24ITAKEXiIntrinsicallysafetyEx(i)inacc.withEN50020

依據(jù)EN50020的本質安全型Ex(i)IntrinsicallysafetyEx(i)inacc.withEN50020

依據(jù)EN50020的本質安全型Ex(i)Whatis?IntrinsicallysafetyEx(i)?Intrinsicallysafetyprotectionisbasedontheprincipleofcurrentandvoltagelimitationinacircuit.Poweriskeptinsuchlowlevelthatneithersparksnorbyunpermissiblesurfaceheatingoftheelectriccomponentscanthesurroundingexplosiveatmospherebeignited.Notonlythevoltageandcurrentoftheelectricalequipmentbutalsotheenergiestoringinductorsandcapacitorsinthewholecircuitmustbelimitedtosafevalues.Typicalapplicationsaremeasuringandcontrollines(Instrumentationandcommunicationtechnology,sensors,actuators).什么是本質安全?本質安全防護是基于對電路中電流和電壓的限制.功率保持在一個較低水平,使其在正常工作和規(guī)定的故障狀態(tài)下產生的電火花和熱效應均不能點燃周圍環(huán)境的爆炸性混合物.不僅是電氣設備的電壓和電流,而且整個電路的蓄能電容和電感也要限制在一個安全值內.典型的應用是測量和控制線（儀器儀表和通信技術，傳感器，驅動器）IntrinsicallysafetyEx(i)inacc.withEN50020

依據(jù)EN50020的本質安全型Ex(i)Thepowerinthecircuitislimitedtolevelsthatdonotallowanyimpermissiblyhightemperaturesand/orignitionsparksorlightarcsthathavetheignitionpowerrequiredforanexplosion.UseofMCRsystems.電路中的功率保持在一個較低水平,使其在正常工作和規(guī)定的故障狀態(tài)下產生的電火花或熱效應或電弧均不能點燃周圍環(huán)境的爆炸性混合物.用于MCR系統(tǒng).IntrinsicallysafetyEx(i)inacc.withEN50020

依據(jù)EN50020的本質安全型Ex(i)

PrincipleofCalculationLoandCo

Lo

與Co計算方法

Lo

LBD+Lline+LBD+Lsensor

Co

CBD+Cline+CBD+CsensorNonEx-AreaEx-AreaMCR-CircuitEx(i)BLITZDUCTOR?MuLBDCBD34123412LsensorCsensorBLITZDUCTOR?LBDCBD12341234LlineClineCCEPBEPBSignalLineTransmitterwithEx(i)-Input(max.adm.Lo,Co)BLITZDUCTOR?BLITZDUCTOR?Sensor信號線傳感器變送器Exampleofatemperaturemeasuringtransformer

Intrinsicallysafecircuit

例：溫度測量互感器本質安全電路01.07.03/3907TechnicalDataTobeinstalledinMeasuringTransformerTH02SurgeProtectiveDevice浪涌保護器BCTMODMDEx30TypeofprotectionVoltageFrequencyImmunitylevelTeststandardsIsolationfromearth500VInnercapacity電容量CiInnerinductance電感量

LiaccordingtoNE21,e.g.0.5kVline/line;1kVline/groundAtex,CEyesCi=15nFLi=220μHzone1iaUimax.=29.4VdcIimax.=130mAfHART=2200Hz,frequency-modulated

dischargecapacity10kA(8/20μs),coordinationcharacteristics(X/1)Atex,CE,IEC61643-21yesnegligiblysmallzone1iaUc=34.8VdcIN=500mAfG=6MHzCurrentnegligiblysmall技術數(shù)據(jù)測量互感器TH02安裝位置防護等級電壓頻率防護水平監(jiān)測標準對地絕緣能力500V電流依照NE21,例如0.5kV線/線;1kV線/地

放電能力10kA(8/20μs),能量協(xié)調(X/1)極其微小極其微小IntrinsicallysafetyEx(i)inacc.withEN50020

依據(jù)EN50020的本質安全型Ex(i)TypeofProtectioniaorib?Regardingthesafecurrentandvoltagelimitationtherearetwocategoriestobeconsidered:ibspecifiesthatincaseofafaultintheintrinsicallysafecircuittheintrisicsafetymustbepreserved.Location:zone1,zone2,zone21,zone22iarequiresthatontheoccurrenceoftwoindependentfaultstheintrinsicsafetymuststillbepreserved.Location:linesfromzone0,zone1,zone2,linesfromzone20,zone21,zone22防護等級ia

或ib?關于安全的電壓和電流限制有兩類加以區(qū)別：Ib是指電路在正常工作或一個故障時,不能點燃爆炸性混合物的電氣設備.區(qū)域:zone1,zone2,zone21,zone22ia是指電路在正常工作、一個或兩個故障時,都不能點燃爆炸性混合物的電氣設備.區(qū)域:linesfromzone0,zone1,zone2,linesfromzone20,zone21,zone22Exampleofatemperaturemeasuringtransformer

Intrinsicallysafecircuit

例：溫度測量互感器本質安全電路01.07.03/3907TechnicalDataTobeinstalledinMeasuringTransformerTH02SurgeProtectiveDevice浪涌保護器BCTMODMDEx30TypeofprotectionVoltageFrequencyImmunitylevelTeststandardsIsolationfromearth500VInnercapacity電容量CiInnerinductance電感量LiaccordingtoNE21,e.g.0.5kVline/line;1kVline/groundAtex,CEyesCi=15nFLi=220μHzone1iaUimax.=29.4VdcIimax.=130mAfHART=2200Hz,frequency-modulated

dischargecapacity10kA(8/20μs),coordinationcharacteristics(X/1)Atex,CE,IEC61643-21yesnegligiblysmallzone1iaUc=34.8VdcIN=500mAfG=6MHzCurrentnegligiblysmall技術數(shù)據(jù)測量互感器TH02安裝位置防護等級電壓頻率防護水平監(jiān)測標準對地絕緣能力500V電流依照NE21,例如0.5kV線/線;1kV線/地

放電能力10kA(8/20μs),能量協(xié)調(X/1)極其微小極其微小IntrinsicallysafetyEx(i)inacc.withEN50020

依據(jù)EN50020的本質安全型Ex(i)Ex(i)-circuitisolationstrength>=500VAC?Intrinsicallysafeequipment(transducer,transformer,sensor,etc.)usuallyhasaninsulationstrengthof>=500VAC.Theseequipmentisconsideredasearthfree.Theymustbeearthedforsafetyreasonsorforreasonsoffunction.Ex(i)–線路絕緣強度>=500VAC?本質安全設備（變送器，互感器，傳感器等），通常絕緣強度>=500V

AC.這些設備被視為不接地的.出于安全要求或者功能需求它們必須進行接地.NonEx-Area非易爆區(qū)域Ex-AreaMCR-CircuitEx(i)易爆區(qū)域MCR-電路Ex(i)MD/ExMu3412MD/Ex1234SignalLineTrans-mitter1)BLITZDUCTOR?CTBLITZDUCTOR?CTSensor1)MeshedEarthingSystem

1) IsolationStrength>500VAC

1)絕緣強度>500VACMindtheconsequentequipotentialbondingandmeshing

考慮到由此產生的等電位連接和接合IntrinsicallysafetyEx(i)inacc.withEN50020

依據(jù)EN50020的本質安全型Ex(i)信號線變送器1)傳感器

1)接地地網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)MEMu3412MD/Ex1234SignalLineTrans-mitter2)BLITZDUCTOR?CTBLITZDUCTOR?CTSensor1)MeshedEarthingSystem

2) IsolationStrength<500VAC 1) IsolationStrength>500VAC MindtheconsequentequipotentialbondingandmeshingIntrinsicallysafetyEx(i)inacc.withEN50020NonEx-Area非易爆區(qū)域Ex-AreaMCR-CircuitEx(i)易爆區(qū)域MCR-電路Ex(i)信號線變送器1)傳感器

1)接地地網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)

2)

絕緣強度<500VAC