定語(yǔ)從句梳理講義2023屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)真題回顧(一)【真題鏈接】1.TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies____________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.(2022年新高考I卷)2.Someofourmemoriesarefunny,especiallyfromtheearlyyears_____________ourchildrenwerelittle..(改編自2022年新高考I卷)3.Everyweekendthisis“Wales”premiercomedyclub________________havingagreattimeistheorderforbothaudiencesandcomedystarsalike.(改編自2022全國(guó)甲卷)【考點(diǎn)解析】that?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞thespecies,指物，由all修飾，且從句缺主語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)。2.when?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞theearlyyears,關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，需用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。3.where。考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞club，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地，點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)梳理(一)定語(yǔ)從句的概述定語(yǔ)從句分限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用作引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞(that,which,who,whom,whose，as)代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中可用作主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)等和關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why)=介詞+which,關(guān)系副在定語(yǔ)從句中用作狀語(yǔ)。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ)。它和先行詞的關(guān)系十分密切)如果刪去句子表達(dá)的意義可能不完整。;/二限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞用法梳理例句that先行詞既可以是人也可以是物，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)that可以省eg.YuanLongpingwasaChinesescientistthatcontributedalottohiscountry.which先行詞是物，which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)which可以省略which可以和介詞連用eg.Ilikethegiftwhichmyunclegavemeatmybirthdayparty.who先行詞是人，who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，who占作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)who可以省略。Mrs.Greenisanexcellentteacherwhoisrespectedbyallmyclassmates.whom先行詞是人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略whom可以和介詞連用DrQianismyphysicsteacherwhomIhavebeenadmiringforalongtime.whose先行詞既可以是人也可以是物，whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句后面必須跟名詞,相當(dāng)于名詞+ofwhich/whomWearecollectingmoneythosewhosehouseshavebeendestroyedintheearthquake.when先行詞一般是時(shí)間名詞（短語(yǔ)），when在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)when可與相應(yīng)的介詞+whichIstillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichwefirstmeteachotherincollege.where先行詞遇常是地點(diǎn)名詞(短語(yǔ))也可以是stage,situation,case,position,point等抽象地點(diǎn)名詞。定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，可與介詞+which互換。Youshouldn’thaveputyourselfinsuchasituationwhereyoumighthavetoleavethecompany.先行詞是reason，why在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),可與for+which互換。Idon'tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichHenrybecamesoangryas先行詞既可以是人也可以是物，可在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),常與such，besame連用。Juliedecidestobuythesamedictionaryaslboughtlastweek·語(yǔ)法小測(cè)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。1.Tooursurprise,thenovel____________waswrittenbymycousinhasbecomepopularontheInternet.2.Thescientist______________wontheNobelPrizeinPhysiology生理學(xué)orMedicinehassetagoodexamplefortheyounggeneration.3.It’sreportedthatthemovietheater____________Iusedtoseefilmswithmyparentshasbeenre-decoratedrecently.4.Inmycountry,therewasatime____________manypeoplewerecrazyaboutplayingtabletennis.5.AIlofusarecuriousaboutthereason____________Tomhasdecidednottocompeteinthematch.6.Forme,Sophiaisatruefriendwith____________Icansharemyjoysandsorrows.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境將下列句子合并為含限制性定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，并保持句意不變。1.StephenHawkingwasagreatscientist.Thescientistmadegreatcontributionstophysics.—————————————————————————————————————————————2.Thegovernmentcarriesoutanewproject.Theaimoftheprojectistohelpthosepoorwomeninthecountryside.—————————————————————————————————————————————3.Lastweek,wewenttothelibrary.Mr.Yangonceworkedtherefortwenty-fiveyears.—————————————————————————————————————————————4.Iwillneverforgetthedays.ItogetherwithLisataughtinthevillageschoolduringthosedays.—————————————————————————————————————————————5.Tomwasunwillingtotellmethereason.Hemissedmybirthdaypartyforthisreason.—————————————————————————————————————————————根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞補(bǔ)全短文。Stressisathing(1)____________can'tbeavoidedinourdailylife,buttoomuchstressmaycausenoushealthproblemsforus.People(2)____________arestressedatworkyearafteryearmightenduphavingabadmemory.Thatisbecausethehippocampus(海馬體)isapartofthebrain(3)____________isvitalforlearningandmemory,andstresshasamajoreffectonthisareaofthebrain.Therefore,ifyouarealwaysunderstress,youmightbecomemoreforgetfulastimegoesby.Youwilloftenforgetsomething(4)____________you'retryingtodoortheplace(5)____________youputthings.Besides,whenyourbodyisfilledwithallkindsofphysicalandpsychologicalproblems,yourlifeexpectancy(預(yù)期壽命)mightbecutseverely,6)____________soundsscary,butthisfactcanserveasafriendlyremindertoencourageyoutodealwithyourstressinahealthiermanner.Thenhowcanyoupreventstressfromaffectingyourlifenegatively?Aneffectiveapproach(7)____________Icanthinkofistohaveahealthylifestyle.Youcantrytotakeregularexercise,stopdrinkingandstayawayfromtobacco.參考答案：2.that/who3.where4.when5.why6.whomII.1.StephenHawkingwasagreatscientistwho/thatmadegreatcontributionstophysics.2.Thegovernmentcarriesoutanewprojectwhoseaimistohelpthosepoorwomeninthecountryside.3.Lastweek,wewenttothelibrarywhereMrYangonceworkedfortwenty-fiveyears.4.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenI,togetherLisa,taughtinthevillageschool.5.Tomwasunwillingtotellmethereasonwhyhemissedmybirthdayparty.III.1.that/which2.who/that3.that/which4.that5.where6.which7.that/which定語(yǔ)從句一輪復(fù)習(xí)梳理二[真題鏈接]1.Onthe1,100-kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,________losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.(2022高考全國(guó)甲卷)2.Assoonasshegraduatedfromhighschool,shelefthometoliveonCatalinaIsland...awayfromherparents,__________sheenjoyedalifeofsailingandoff-roadbiking.(改編自2022浙江1月高考)3.PortLympneReserve,________runsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).(改編自2022全國(guó)新高考I卷)[考點(diǎn)解析]1.who。考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞themanCaoShengkang，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),且指人,故用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。2.where。考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞CatalinaIsland，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。3.which?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞PortLympneReserve,關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),且指物,故用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)梳理(二)一、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的概述非限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用,如果刪去,不影響句子本身想表達(dá)的意義。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句需要用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。二、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用that和why引導(dǎo)，其余關(guān)系詞which,who,whom,whose,where,when,as都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。例如:Tonywonfirstplaceintheexamination,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.MrsLee,whoismyEnglishteacher,iskindtoallthepeoplearoundher.Therearethreehundredguestsinthehall,mostofwhomaretheirfriendsandrelatives.Peter,whosefatherisadoctor,hasbeendreamingofbecomingadoctorforalongtime.Nextmonth,IwilltraveltoNewYorkwithmyfather,wheremygrandparentslive.Thecastlewasbuiltin1948,whenmygrandfatherwasonly15yearsold.Aseverybodyknows,Beijing,thecapitalofChina,hasaverylonghistory.as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別關(guān)系詞用法例句as意為“正如,正像”,在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可位于句首、句中或句末。Asisreportedinthenewspaper,theearthquake|hasbroughtgreatlossestothecoastalcity.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)通常表示眾所周知或意料之中的事。Theearthgoesaroundthesun，asisknowntousall.which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)位于主句后。Davidmissedtheimportantcontest,whichwasorganisedbytheEnglishcorner.which可以代表前面整個(gè)句子，意為這使;這一點(diǎn)Nancywonfirstprizeinthematch,whichwasbeyondallourexpectations.語(yǔ)法小測(cè)I.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。1.Youcanusethisbandagetodressyourwound,__________canlowertheriskofinfectioneffectively.2.Therearealotofstudentscomingtoattendthismatch,someof__________areforeigners.3.TheGreensvisitedthemuseumlastweekend,__________theyfoundmanyinterestingexhibits.4.Lily,__________fatherisanastronaut,wantstodevoteherselftospaceexplorationinthefuture.5.WearegoingtoHainanforourholidaythissummer,__________allofuswillbefree.6.Thismorning,thespaceshipwaslaunchedintospacesuccessfully,__________madeallofusexcited.7.__________weallknow,itwasin2008thatBeijingheldtheSummerOlympics.I.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞補(bǔ)全短文。GarySinise,afamousAmericanactor,foundedtheGarySiniseFoundation,(1)_____________aimistoprovideavarietyofprograms,servicesandeventsforwoundedveterans(老兵).Sincethefoundationwassetupin2011,Garyhasbeentryinghisbesttodosomethingtohelpwarveterans,(2)__________involvesgivingouthomesandbringingsomewarheroesbackhomeinsafeconditions.Lastmonth,aNavyveterannamedBenCainSr.,(3)__________onceservedinVietnam,intendedtojoinhisfamilyinBaltimoreforareunion.HeflewfromLosAngeles.Unfortunately,duringthetrip,heexperiencedastroke(中風(fēng)),for(4)__________theplanehadtomakeanemergencylandinginTennessee.Later,hisfamilysoughttogethimhomeviaanambulance,buttheyweretoldthatthetransportationcostwas$10,000,(5)__________theycouldn’tafford.Aftercarefulconsideration,theydecidedtotrycontactingthefoundation.Thankfully,thefoundationprovidedthefamilywiththeentiresum.AllofBen'sfamilyweregratefultoGarySinise,without(6)__________helpBencouldn'thavereturnedtohishomesafely.參考答案：1which2whom3where4.whose5.when6.which7.As除外)I1.1-6eadfbc語(yǔ)法小測(cè)3.whoI.1.which2.定語(yǔ)從句梳理三【真題鏈接】

1.TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywall_______________hassurvivedChina'slonghistory.(改編自2021全國(guó)甲卷)

2.WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes_______________wecanlearn..(改編自2021年3月天津卷)

3.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothof_______________willbegraded..(改編自2022新高考I卷)【考點(diǎn)解析】

1.that.考查定語(yǔ)從句.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞citywall，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，且先行詞由形容詞最高級(jí)修飾，故用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)。

2.fromwhich。考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞mistakes;根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及l(fā)earn可知，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)“從…中學(xué)習(xí)”，應(yīng)該用learnfrom,因此應(yīng)該用介詞+which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，故填fromwhich.

3.which?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞groupwork和shortassignments，兩個(gè)先行詞都是物，且關(guān)系詞作of的賓語(yǔ)，故填which。定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)梳理三定語(yǔ)從句的特殊用法that和which都可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，通常情況下可以互換，但是有時(shí)不宜互換，以下情況，關(guān)系代詞宜用that不宜用which的情況1先行詞為all,little,much,none,something,everything,.nothing,anything等不定代詞

IpromiseIwilltellyouallthatIknow.2先行詞被last,very,few,little,some,no,only等詞修飾

ThisistheonlybookthatIhaveeverreadmorethanfivetimes.3先行詞本身是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾

ThisisthemostinterestingmoviethatIhaveeverseen.4先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾

BeijingwillbethefirstcitythatwewillvisitinChina.5先行詞既有人又有物

Theheroandhisstoriesthathavebeenrememberedbyuswillcontinuetoinspirethe

nextgeneration.

2.介詞+關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中，“介詞+which”可以用來(lái)代替when,where,why等；“介詞+whom/whose'”也可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。在選擇介詞的時(shí)候，一是根據(jù)固定搭配確定，二是根據(jù)句子所表達(dá)的意思確定。如：

Henryhasatelescope,withwhichheoftenobservesstarsatnight.

Westoodatthetopofthemountain,fromwherewecouldenjoythesceneryoftheancienttown.注意：有些“動(dòng)詞+介詞”搭配中的介詞不可提至關(guān)系詞前，如lookfor,takecareof,callon等二、定語(yǔ)從句與其他一些句法的用法辨析

1.as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與it作形式主語(yǔ)用法區(qū)別：

as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句之間需要用逗號(hào)隔開；it作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句需用that引導(dǎo)。

Asisknowntousall,Chineseisanimportantlanguageintheworld.(定語(yǔ)從句)

ItisknowntousallthatChineseisanimportantlanguageintheworld.(主語(yǔ)從句)

2.that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，可在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。而that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只起連接作用，不作句子成分，不能省略。

Thenewsthathegatheredwasagoodproofofhisassumption.(定語(yǔ)從句)

ThenewsthatLindawasadmittedbyPekingUniversityhasbeenwidelyspread.(同位語(yǔ)從句)

I根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，從括號(hào)中選擇合適的內(nèi)容補(bǔ)全句子。

1.(1)Lastweekend,wevisitedthecarfactory__________wasbuiltmorethanfiftyyearsago.

(2)Lastweekend,wevisitedthecarfactory__________myfatheronceworked.

2.(1)Mr.Brownisanexcellentforeignteacher,____________________Ihavelearnedalot.

(2)Mr.Brownisanexcellentforeignteacher,__________hastaughtusforaboutthreeyears.

3.(1)Thefact__________Lindahaswonthespeechcontestmakesallofusexcited.

(2)Thefact__________Lindahastoldusmakesallofusexcited.

4.(1)Inmysparetime,Ioftenrecallthedays__________weworkedinHangzhou.

(2)Inmysparetime,Ioftenrecallthedays__________wespenttogetherinHangzhou.

5.(1)__________wasreportedthatthethreeastronautshadalreadycompletedtheir

taskssuccessfully.

(2)__________wasreported,thethreeastronautshadalreadycompletedtheirtasks

successfully.（3）Sincethefoundationwassetupin2011,Garyhasbeentryinghisbesttodosomethingtohelpwarveterans,__________involvesgivingouthomesandbringingsomewarheroesbackhomeinsafeconditions.=2\*ROMANII.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。

1.Jackstudiedinavillageschool,__________wasnamedafterhisgrandfather.

2.Itturnedoutthattheadvice__________Lindagaveuswasveryeffective.

3.TheBrownsareusedtocarefullyconsideringeverything__________theymeetindailylife.

4.It'sapitythatthereisnotmuch__________wecandoforthepoorpatientatthismoment.

5.Inmyview,themostbeautifulplace__________