2022年高考英語真題試卷（全國乙卷）（含答案）

2022

年高考英語真題試卷（全國乙卷）一、閱讀理解

第一節(jié)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的

A、B、C

和

D

四個選項中，選出最佳選項。（共

15

小題；每小題

2

分，滿分

30

分）閱讀理解HenryRaeburn（1756-1823）TheExhibitionThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland'sbestloved

painter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverforty

years.LectureSeriesScottish

National

Portrait（肖像畫）Gallery

presents

a

series

of

lectures

forthegeneralpublic.

TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesis

free.AnIntroductionto

RaeburnSunday26Oct.,15.00DUNCAN

THOMSONRaeburn'sEnglishContemporariesThursday30Oct.,

13.10JUDY

EGERTONCharactersandCharacterisationin

Raeburn'sPortraitsThursday6Nov.,13.10NICHOLAS

PHILLIPSONRaeburnandArtist'sTraininginthe

18thCenturyThursday13Nov.,

13.10MARTIN

POSTLEExhibition

TimesMonday-Saturday

10.00—17.45 Sunday12.00—17.45Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Thereisnore-admission.Closed:24—26Decemberand1

January.Admission￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmitted

free.SchoolsandCollegesAspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.1．WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburn'sEnglishContemporaries?A．Sun.

26

Oct. B．Thurs.30

Oct.C．Thurs.

6

Nov. D．Thurs.13

Nov.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payfor

admission?A．￡4. B．￡8. C．￡12.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroup

discounts?D．￡16.TheyshouldgoonSunday

mornings.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.Theymustbeledby

teachers.TheymusthaveIDcardswith

them.閱讀理解的In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.Soforthemtomove

toElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff's

granddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,Rosamondand

Dorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudover

ice.InWickenden'sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,which

entailed（牽涉）drilling

through

the

Rockies,

oftenin

blinding

snowstorms.

The

book

ends

withRosamondandDorothy'sreturnto

Auburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism（堅忍）ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:"Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthe

winter."4．WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRocky

Mountains?A．Toteachina

school.B．TostudyAmerican

history.C．Towrite

a

book. D．Todosightseeing.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph

3?A．Theyenjoyed

muchrespect. B．Theyhadaroomwitha

bathtub.C．Theylivedwiththe

local

kids. D．Theysufferedsevere

hardships.WhichpartofWickenden'swritingis

hair-raising?Theextremeclimateof

Auburn.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.Whatisthe

text?A．Anews

report.B．Abook

review.C．Achildren's

story.D．Adiary

entry.閱讀理解Can

a

small

group

of

drones（無人機(jī)）guarantee

thesafetyand

reliability

ofrailways

and,

atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"eyesinthesky"technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracks

andinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）worldwide

are

safe

for

trains

ona24/7

basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailway

safety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）across

theboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsin

maintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'

efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesfor

railways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorun

autonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikea

co-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactin

time.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillines

possible?Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.Drones'abilitytoworkathigh

altitudes.Thereductionofcostindesigning

drones.Drones'reliableperformanceinremote

areas.Whatdoes"maintenance"underlinedinparagraph3referto?Personnel

safety. B．Assistancefrom

drones.C．Inspectionand

repair. D．Constructionof

infrastructure.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftherail

drones?A．Toprovide

early

warning. B．Tomaketrainsrun

automatically.C．Toearnprofitsfor

the

crews. D．Toaccelerate

transportation.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwith

DronesHowProductionofDronesCanBe

ExpandedWhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWill

FaceHowDronesWillChangetheFutureof

Railways閱讀理解TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,

was

introduced

to

help

reduce

childhood

obesity（肥胖）.

It

is

believedthattoday'schildren

andteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240m

fortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschool

sports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscut

bymanufacturers（制造商）so

they

can

avoid

paying

the

tax.

Drinks

now

contain

45million

fewer

kilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.Since

Aprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugar

content.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresper

year.Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartax

ishaving

by

raising

millionsof

pounds

for

sports

facilities（設(shè)施）and

healthier

eatinginschools.

Helping

thenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.12．Whywasthesugartax

introduced?A．Tocollectmoneyfor

schools.B．Toimprovethequalityof

drinks.C．Toprotect

children's

health. D．Toencourageresearchin

education.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugar

tax?Theyturnedtooverseas

markets.Theyraisedthepricesoftheir

products.Theycutdownontheir

production.Theyreducedtheirproducts'sugar

content.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartax

collected?Most

alcoholic

drinks. B．Milk-based

drinks.C．Fruit

juices. D．Classic

Coke.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartax

policy?A．Itisa

short-sighted

decision. B．Itisasuccess

story.C．It

benefits

manufacturers. D．Itupsets

customers.二、閱讀理解

第二節(jié)（共

5

小題；每小題

2

分，滿分

10

分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Friendship

needs

care

andattentionto

keep

it

in

goodhealth.

Here

arefive

waysto

sustain（保持）long-distance

friendships.Setaregular

dateLong-lasting

friendships

share

the

characteristic

that

both

sides

equally

contact（聯(lián)系）and

share

withoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.

16． Moreisn'talways

merrierMakesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantsto

becontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyou

both.

17． .Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroup

chat.Practiseempathy（共情）

18． .Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeel

abandoned.

19． Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends'birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsby

you.Don'trelyontechnology

alone

20． ,butlong-distancefriendships-evencloseones-mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.Rememberimportant

datesCompensatebywritinglettersItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendship

keeperTrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandstickto

itFriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocial

mediaYoumaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleft

behind三、語言知識運(yùn)用

第一節(jié)（共

20

小題；每小題

1.5

分，滿分

30

分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的

A、B、C

和D

四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there'ssomethinghighly

exciting

about 21． someoneelse'sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobe

seen.However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildren

are

remarkably

22． athiding.They

oftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestof

their

bodies 23． .Foralongtime,thisineffectivehiding

methodwas

24． asevidencethatchildren

arehopelessly

"egocentric"（自我中心的）creatures.

But

our 25． researchresultsinchilddevelopmental

psychology

26． thatidea.Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.

Each

27． satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherown

eyes

or

28． .Wethenaskedthechildifshecould

29． orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn't.The

same

30． happenedwhentheadultcoveredher

ownmouth: 31． childrensaidthatthey

couldn't

32． to

her.A

number

of

33． ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Our

young

subjects

34． thequestions

and

knew

35． whatwasaskedof

them.

Their

36． tothequestionsreflected

their

true 37． that"Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too."They

simply

38． mutual（相互的）recognition

and

regard.

Our

39． suggestwhenachild"hides"byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.

Infact,childrenconsider

this

method 40． whenothersuse

it.21．A．following B．taking C．escaping22．A．clever B．bad C．scared23．A．exposed B．examined C．untouched24．A．supported B．guaranteed C．imagined25．A．disappointing B．mixed C．surprising26．A．explained B．confirmed C．contradicted27．A．parent B．child C．researcher28．A．feet B．nose C．hands29．A．see B．help C．reach30．A．event B．thing C．a(chǎn)ction31．A．Yet B．Now C．Soon32．A．speak B．listen C．tum33．A．instructions B．descriptions C．experiments34．A．comprehended B．predicted C．explored35．A．partly B．honestly C．vaguely36．A．responses B．a(chǎn)pproaches C．contribution37．A．a(chǎn)bility B．belief C．identity38．A．hold

back B．relate

to C．insistonD．directingD．quickD．imbalancedD．interpretedD．desiredD．testedD．doctorD．earsD．foolD．a(chǎn)ccidentD．OnceD．waveD．a(chǎn)ssumptionsD．ignoredD．exactlyD．sensitivityD．purposeD．make

up39．A．limitationsB．requirementsC．theoriesD．findings40．A．tentativeB．impressiveC．creativeD．effective四、語言知識運(yùn)用

第二節(jié)（共

10

小題；每小題

1.5

分，滿分

15

分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入

1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamed

officially

41． theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.To

celebrate

42． festival,

anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingon

Thursday.ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotion

Society

43． （address）the

openingceremony."AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaand

the

44．

（large）tea-producing

country,Chinahasa

45．

（responsible）toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.Itcanhelptobuild

acommunitywith

a

46． （share）futureformankind,"he

said.The

"First

International

Tea

Day

Tea

Road

Cooperative

Initiative"

issued（發(fā)布）at

the

ceremony

callsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytocometogethertopromoteinternational

cooperation

47． culturalexchanges.Afour-yearteapromotion—TeaRoadCooperativePlan—wasalsoissuedinaccordancewiththe

initiative.

48．

（strengthen）theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocial

media,

49． （invite）twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlive

broadcasts.TheChinese

Ancient

Tea

Museum

was

officially

unveiled（揭幕）at

the

ceremony,opening

（it）firstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu'er

Tea.五、寫作

第一節(jié)

短文改錯（共

10

小題；每小題

1

分，滿分

10

分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有

10

處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（^），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1）每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2）只允許修改

10

處，多者（從第

11

處起）不計分。Weallknowthatcyclingisagreatlyexercise.Adoctortellsmepeoplewholivesthelongestaredancersandcyclists.Maybeitisbecausethecombinationoffreshair,smoothmovementandexercise.Whetheryourideabicycle,youdon'tusepetrol.Sotheyarenotproducingcarbondioxideandnotcauseairpollution.

Justseehowcarshavebeentakenoverourcities.Theyoftenrunathig