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2021-2022年四川省巴中市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)模擬考試(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________
一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.
InthefirstyearofChina'sentryintoWTO,0.3%ofChina'sactualGDPgrowthwillbesubmittedtothisorganizationasstatedby______.
2.Thevolunteersweresurprisedatthefactthatineverydaydecision-making,people'sbeliefsareoften______.
3.
ComparedwiththenumberofAmericanpeoplewhohadtheirbloodcholesterollevelscheckedin1990was____________________thanthatofin1983.
4.
In1955,ablackwomannamedRosaParksrefusedtogiveherseattoawhiteperson.Thisactof______startedprotestsinMontgomerythatledtolegalchangesinminorityrightsintheUnitedStates.
5.
Theprocessthattheveinsgraduallycloseoffandtrapsugarsintheleaveswillcauseleaves______.
6.StudyStyles
Youknowwhetheryou'reamorningpersonoranightowl.Youknowwhetheryou'reapickyeaterofahumangarbagepail.Butdoyouknowifyoulearnbetterbyreadingorbyhearing?...ifyou'vesurvivedschoolsofar,youalreadyhavesomesortofstudyroutine—forbetterorforworse.Weaskedstudentsalloverthecountryforthelowdownontheirmethodsofoperations,andalsocollectedsomehard-wonadvice.Seeifyoucanrecognizeyourownpersonalstudymethodinthelistbelowandlearnhowtostudyeffectively.
TheDreamer
Youmaysayyou'restudying.Youmayevenlooklikeyou'restudying.Butyourmindisintheclouds.Yourtestperformanceseldomreflectsthoselonghoursyouspentatyourdesk,almoststudying;Kim,fromMontreal,says,"WhenIgottothelibrary,Iendupsittingthereandpeople-watching."Cindy,fromLafayette,Pennsylvania,says:"Personally,ItendtowriteeverythingdownonflashcardssoIcanquizmyselflater.EveryoneelsethinksthatI'llace(成績(jī)?yōu)锳)theexam,butsometimesIfindmyselfspendingsomuchtimewritingdowneverylittledetailthatIdon'thavetimetoactuallystudy."
Warning:ffyouspendalldaypretendstudying,you'llpayallnightcrammingforreal.(Whatawasteofsocializingtime!)Thisyear'sresolution:Stayontargetbysettinggoals(LikefourchaptersbyWednesday)andaskingyourfriendstotestyou.Also,tuneintoyourinterests:Ifyoufindyourselfdrawingelaboratedoodlesinthemarginswhenyou'resupposedtobeanalyzingShakespeare,takedrawingclassesandsnapoutofyourdaydream.
TheGrind
Onelookatyoursockdrawer,meticulously(非常細(xì)心地)arrangedinrainboworder,suggestscontrol-freaktendencies.Youneverfailtodoafixedamountofstudyingeachevening—andyourgoodgradesshowit.Youcautiouslyplotacoursetoconqueranunrulyassignment,andyourarelybreakyourroutine.Gretchen,fromChicago,describesherhard-coremethod:"Icompletelyorganizeallofmynotes.Then,beforeIdoanythingelse,IplanoutexactlyhowmanyhoursI'mgoingtostudyandhowlongIamgoingtotakebreaks.Thisway,Ialwaysstayontask.IreadthroughmynotesandthenhighlightthethingsIdon'tknowwell,tocommitthemtomemory."Butshe'snotdoneyet]"ThenIreadmyassignmentsagainandtakenotesandstudythesenotesthesamewayIstudiedmyclassnotes."Whew,Sarah,fromScarsdale,NewYork,alsoconsidersherselfaworkerbee."Iplanmyworksothatthere'ssomethingIhavetodoeverynightoftheweek.Butwhenthere'satest,I'lldoallmyassignmentsbeforetryingtodoanoverview.StudyingcomeslastbecauseI'llwaituntilthelastminutetoeventrytoconcentratingonsomethingwithsolittlestructure."
Warning:Whileyourself-disciplinewillserveyouwellincollege(orthemilitary),youmightwanttoaddmoreinspirationtoyourperspiration.Noamountofmemorization,orcolorcodingyournotebookswillhelpyouwriteanoriginal,opinionatedessay—andyou'llbewritingplenty.Thisyear'sresolution:Varyyourroutineandthinkaboutyourowninsightsmore.Afterreadinganassignment,tryclosingyoureyesandrecallingwhatyoufoundinterestingbeforebucklingdownwithyourimpeccablenotes.Andifyou'vegotahalfhourtospareinyourstudyschedule,trysomethingmessyandcreative,likewritingapoem.
TheSocialStudier
You'rethekindwholearnsoutloud.Youyakyourwaytoenlightenment,sostudybuddiesareamust.Inschool,youremembermorefromhearingthelecturesthanfromdoingthereading.Roberta,fromPrinceton,NewJersey,says:"IwenttoastudycounselortofindoutthatIlearnbestbylistening.It'strue:UntilIhearsome-thingoutloud,it'snotreallyrealtome.WhenI'mstudyingandIdon'tunderstandsomethinginourtextbook,I'llc
A.YB.NC.NG
7.Itwasnotuntil1947thatIndiabecame______.
8.
WhatmostcommonlyoccursinREMsleep?
A.Luciddreams.
B.Nightmares.
C.Daymares.
D.Indistinctdreams.
9.HowATMsWork?
You'reshortoncash,soyouwalkovertotheautomatedtellermachine(ATM),insertyourcardintothecardreader,respondtothepromptsonthescreen,andwithinaminuteyouwalkawaywithyourmoneyandareceipt.HaveyoueverwonderedabouttheprocessthatmakesyourbankfundsavailabletoyouatanATMontheothersideofthecountry?
ATMCardvs.CheckCard
Asanalternativetowritingchecksandusingacreditcard,mostmajorbankshaveteamedupwithmajorcredit-cardcompaniestoissuecheckcards.
CheckcardsaredifferentfromstraightATMcardsinacoupleofways.First,checkcardsarealsoknownasdebitcardsbecauseofhowtheywork--insteadofgettingcreditforyourpurchaseandreceivingamonthlybill,likeyoudowithacreditcard,acheck/debitcarddeductsmoneyfromyourcheckingorsavingsaccount.
Also,whileyoucanonlyuseyourATMcardattheATMmachine(andsomegrocerystores),youcanuseacheckcardatmostretailersthatacceptcreditcards.
Thereareexceptions.Somehotelsandrentalcarservicesonlyacceptcreditcardsbecauseit'seasier,cheaper,andlessofarisktothemthancheckcards.Thosethatdoacceptcheckcardsoftenputacertainamountofmoneyinyourbankaccount"onhold"(unavailabletoyou)-usuallythecostoftheroomorrentalincludingtaxesandotherfees,plusapercentageofthetotalorafeetocoverpossibledamages.Whenyoucheckoutofthehotelorturninyourrentalcar,thedifferencebetweenthe"hold"amountandwhatyou'reactuallybilled.isreleasedbackintoyouraccount:Thisissomethingtoconsiderwhenusingyourdebitcardtoreserveahotelroomorrentacar.
TheWayATMsWork
AnATMissimplyadataterminalwithtwoinputandfouroutputdevices.Likeanyotherdataterminal,theATMhastoconnectto,andcommunicatethrough,ahostprocessor.ThehostprocessorisanalogoustoanInternetserviceprovider(ISP)inthatitisthegatewaythroughwhichallthevariousATMnetworksbecomeavailabletothecardholder(thepersonwantingthecash).
Mosthostprocessorscansupporteitherleased-lineordial-upmachines.Leased-linemachinesconnectdirectlytothehostprocessorthroughafour-wire,point-to-point,dedicatedtelephoneline.Dial-upATMsconnecttothehostprocessorthroughanormalphonelineusingamodemandatoll-freenumber,orthroughanInternetserviceproviderusingalocalaccessnumberdialedbymodem.
Leased-lineATMsarepreferredforveryhigh-volumelocationsbecauseoftheirthru-putcapability,anddial-upATMsarepreferredforretailmerchantlocationswherecostisagreaterfactorthanthru-put.Theinitialcostforadial-upmachineislessthanhalfthatforaleased-linemachine.Themonthlyoperatingcostsfordial-upareonlyafractionofthecostsforleased-line.
Thehostprocessormaybeownedbyabankorfinancialinstitution,oritmaybeownedbyanindependentserviceprovider.Bank-ownedprocessorsnormallysupportonlybank-ownedmachines,whereastheindependentprocessorssupportmerchant-ownedmachines.
SensingBills
Thecash-dispensingmechanismhasanelectriceyethatcountseachbillasitexitsthedispenser.Thebillcountandalloftheinformationpertainingtoaparticulartransactionisrecordedinajournal.Thejournalinformationisprintedoutperiodicallyandahardcopyismaintainedbythemachineownerfortwoyears.Wheneveracardholderhasadisputeaboutatransaction,heorshecanaskforajournalprintoutshowingthetransaction,andthencontactthehostprocessor.Ifnooneisavailabletoprovidethejournalprintout,thecardholderneedstonotifythebankorinstitutionthatissuedthecardandfilloutaform.thatwillbefaxedtothehostprocessor.Itisthehostproc
A.YB.NC.NG
10.
Asvascularplants,treesareorganizedintothreemajororgans:theroots,thestems,andtheleaves.
A.YB.NC.NG
11.
______workswhenpatientstalkfreelyaboutthingstroublingthemandthenlearntocontroltheirfears.
12.
Itisadvisabletoprovideemployeeswithappropriateleadershipand______.
13.Caregiversofdisabledfamilymembersarereportedtoundergoamortalityrateof______
14.
Theclashbetweenlocalsandforeignersmaybesoftenedbyrealitiesbecausethelocalsneedto______toimprovetheirmanagement,financingandgreaterscalewhiletheforeignersneedhelpnavigatingChina'svastretailmarket.
15.
Accordingtotheauthor'simagination,inordertoglideonthesandsmoothly,thecreatureLashlarmmusthave______.
16.
Incolleges,student-athletesarecalledsosincethecollegesintendstodemonstratethatthey______betweentheintellectualpursuitandphysicalpursuit.
17.
Antipollutionlegislationshavebeenenactedthankstothecontinuedpressurefrom______.
A.grass-rootsorganizations
B.individualactivism
C.environmentalists
D.environmentalregulation
18.
Whatisthebestsolutionforthosedreamers?
A.Settinggoalsandsticktothem.
B.Askingtheirfriendstoalwayswatchthem.
C.Findingoutwhattheyarereallyinterestedin.
D.Finishingthedifficulttaskfirst.
19.
Identicaltwinshavehigherchanceofbothdevelopingschizophreniabecauseofthestrongroleof______.
20.
Whatdoestheauthorsuggestabouthowtokeepatimelog?
A.Theroutinetriflesinlifeshouldbedisregarded.
B.Detailsshouldbetakendownasmanyaspossible.
C.Activitiesatworkshouldbeprimarilyrecorded.
D.Thereshouldbenomorethan100entries.
二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(26)
A.Trytoretainasmanynewwordsaspossible.
B.Practicewordsatappropriateintervals.
C.Learndifficultwordswiththehighestfrequencies.
D.Makecomplicatedwordssimplythroughrepetition.
22.
【B5】
23.
【B7】
24.(21)
A.Hedranktoomuchcoffeelastnight.
B.Hecaughtacoldlastnight.
C.Heisnervousabouthisproject.
D.Hemisseddinnerlastnight.
25.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.
(12)
A.1:50.B.1:55.C.2:00.D.2:05.
26.(35)
A.JapanesestudentsstudymuchharderthanColumbianstudents.
B.ColumbianstudentsscorehigherthanJapanesestudentsinmath.
C.Columbianstudentsaremoreoptimisticabouttheirmathskills.
D.Japanesestudentshavebetterconditionsforstudy.
27.聽(tīng)力原文:M:Idon'tenjoydatinganymore.Ican'tseemtofindanyoneIhaveanythingincommonwith.
W:Don'tfeeldiscouraged.Bepatient.Asyouaresodistinguished,youwilldefinitelyfindtherightpersonwhoisrightforyou.
M:Totellyouthetruth,Iamtiredofbeingalone,IhopetofindmyMrs.Right.WhatshouldIdo?
W:DoyoubelieveinInternetmatchmakingservice?
M:That'sreallyanewwalkoflife.Whatisitexactly?
W:Ithelpsmatchupsinglestheworldover,andhelpsfindthemanandwomanoftheirdreams.
M:Oh,itmustbetothetasteofacertaingroupofpeople.
W:TheadvertisementsaidDreamDateshasmatchedupthousandsofsinglestheworldover!
M:Unbelievable!Theymustbeexaggeratingthefigure!
W:Lookatthewaytheymanagetheirbusiness:theycollectapplicants'photos,andgivetheapplicantsquestionnairestofilloutastowhattypeofcharactertheyare.
M:Idon'tbelieveseveralquestionscandecidethetypeofpersonyou're,People'scharactersarecomplicatedandkeepchangingallthetime.
W:Anyway,itseemsthatthingsworkwellthisway.Theinformationandspecificationswillbeenteredinalargecomputerdatabase.
M:Acomputertodecideyourbestdate?That'sreallyridiculous!
W:Look,itpromises:DreamDatesprovidesexpertdatingserviceandaplaceforsinglestomeet,We'llintroduceyoutothepersonuniquelyqualifiedtobeyourpartner.
M:Sheerslogans!Notreliable!
W:Itsaysyoucanenrollinafreetrialmembership!
M:Iwon'tdoiteventheypaymeforthat!
W:Well,wedon'thavetobelievethis.MaybeIcantellJohnandseewhetherhe'dliketotryit.
(26)
A.Warmerclothes.
B.Moreaggressiveclothes,
C.Brightercolorsofclothes.
D.Morecasualclothes.
28.(25)
A.Heoughttoeatmoretostrengthenhimself.
B.Heshouldseeadoctor.
C.Herhusbandshouldstartwithalightworkout.
D.Herhusbandneedstovisitafitnesstrainer.
29.(36)
A.Condemnthetechnologyinitself.
B.LimittheapplicationofInternettechnology.
C.Paymoreattentiontothesocialfactorsofthetechnology.
D.ReducethetimespentonInternet.
30.聽(tīng)力原文:W:Whydon'tyougetanotherjobforachange?
M:ButIlikemyjob.
W:Look,digginggardensisnotajobforauniversitygraduate.
M:Butthemoneyisnotbadandthere'splentyoffreshair.
W:IfIwereyon,I'dtakesomekindofdirectionlayerteaching.
M:Teaching?Anythingbutthat.It'ssoboring.
W:Comeon,youreallymustthinkofthefuture.
M:I'lltellyouwhat.I'dliketobeadoctor.
W:Well,youshouldthinkveryseriouslyaboutthat.Itmeansalotofstudy,andthenworkingallsortsofhours.
M:Yes,maybe.Buttheideasoundsinteresting.
W:Well,then,yououghttogetmoreinformationaboutitassoonaspossible.
(20)
A.Thegoodpay.
B.Thefreshair.
C.Thebrightfuture.
D.BothAandB.
31.聽(tīng)力原文:M:IwentoutwithmygirlfriendtoanicerestaurantlastnightandInoticedthatmanypeopleshoutedforthebill.Itwasquiteannoyinganddislikable.
W:Thatseemstobeverycommonamongpeoplenow,butIhavetosay,itisalittleimpoliteinsuchapublicplace.
M:Ican'tagreemore.IjustthoughtI'daskyouandseewhatyouthoughtofit.Anyway,whatdidyoudoyesterdayevening?
W:Well,Iplannedtogotothegym,butitwasreallyawarmevening,soIwalkedintheparkforacoupleofmiles.Actually,severalotherpeoplehadthesameidea.IsawBill.
M:Didyou?Howishethesedays?
W:HeisOK.Wejuststoppedandchattedforafewminutes.Thenhegotacallandwentback.
M:Isee.Socanyousuggestafewexercisestohelpmestretchmymusclesalittle?
W:Sure.Onegoodwayistodopush-ups.
M:WhenIdopush-ups,shouldIbendmyelbowssothatmynosetouchestheground?
W:Actually,youdon'tneedtobendyourelbowsthatmuch.Bendthemsothatyourarmsareata90degreeangle.Themostimportantthingistoremembertokeepyourbodystraight.Manypeoplebendtheirbodiesatthewaist,whichreducestheeffectivenessoftheexercise.
M:What'sagoodexerciseformychestmuscles?
W:Lieonyourback,holdaweightineachhandandstretchyourarmsoutsideofyourbody.Thenlifttheweightsup,keepingyourarmsstraightallthetime.
Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
23.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofpeople'sshoutingforthebill?
24.WheredidthewomanmeetBill?
25.Whatisthemostimportantthingindoingpushups?
(19)
A.Impolitebutcommon.
B.Annoyingbutcommon.
C.Annoyinganddislikable.
D.Commonandacceptable.
32.
【B11】
33.聽(tīng)力原文:W:Jack.doyouwanttoseeapictureofmynewkitten?Youwillfallinlovewithheratfirstsight.
M:Well,it'squiteadorable,though,infact,I'madogperson.
Q:Whatdoesthemallmean?
(13)
A.Helikescatsbetterthandogs.
B.Helikesbothcatsanddogs.
C.Helikesdogsbetterthancats.
D.Helikesneithercatsnordogs.
34.【B3】
35.(13)
A.Lindamadeherownguitar.
B.Lindataughtherselftoplaythepiano.
C.Lindataughtherselftoplaytheguitar.
D.Lindadoesn'thavemuchtalentformusic.
36.(43)
37.聽(tīng)力原文:Hiddenpassengerstravelinginships,trains,orevencarscanbeaterriblenuisance,especiallywhentheyareinsects,inthisrespect,thereisagreatdifferencebetweenhumanbeingsandinsects,Theformermakeeverypossibleefforttoavoiddiscovery,whilethelatterquicklydrawattentiontothemselves.
WecanonlysympathizewiththeunfortunatemanwhohadtostophiscarsoonaftersettingoutfromacountryvillagetodrivetoLondon.Hearingastrangenoisefromthebackoftheear.henaturallygotouttohavealook.Heexaminedthewheelscarefullybutashefoundnothingwrong,hecontinuedonhisway.Thenoisebeganalmostimmediatelyandnowitwaslouderthanever.Quicklyturninghishead,themansawwhatappearedtobeagreatblackcloudfollowingthecar.Whenbestoppedatavillagefurtheron,hewastoldthataqueenbeemustbehiddeninhiscarastherewerethousandsofbeesnearby.
Onlearningthis,themanrealizedthattheonlywaytoescapewouldbetodriveawayasquicklyaspossible.Afteranhour'sharddriving,hearrivedinLondonwhereheparkedhiscaroutsideahotelandwentintohaveadrink.Itwasnotlongbeforeacustomerwhohadseenhimarrivehurriedintoinform.himthathiscarwascoveredwithbees.Thepoormotoristtelephonedthepoliceandexplainedwhathadhappened.Thepolicedecidedthatthebestwaytodealwiththesituationwouldbetocallabee-keeper.Inashorttime,thebee-keeperarrived.Hefoundtheunwelcomepassengerhiddennearthewheelsatthebackofthecar.Verygratefultothemotoristforhisunexpectedgift,thekeepertookthequeenandherthousandsoffollowershomeinalargebox.Equallygratefulthemotoristdroveawayinpeace,atlastfleefromthe"blackcloud"whichhadhungoverhiscar.
(30)
A.Abignoise.
B.Astrangenoise.
C.Astranger'snoise.
D.Achild'snoise.
38.聽(tīng)力原文:Everycountrytendstoacceptitsownwayoflifeasbeingthenormaloneandtopraiseorcriticizeothersastheyaresimilartoordifferentfromit.Andunfortunately,ourpictureofthepeopleandthewayoflifeofothercountriesisoftenadistortedone.
Hereisagreatargumentinfavorofforeigntravelandlearningforeignlanguages.Itisonlybytravelingin,orlivingin.acountryandgettingtoknowitscitizensandtheirlanguage,thatonecanfindoutwhatacountryanditspeoplearereallylike.Andtheknowledgeonegainsthiswayfrequentlyturnsouttobedifferentfromthesecond-handinformationgatheredfromothersources.Howoftenwefindthattheforeignerswhomwethoughttobesuchdifferentpeoplefromourselvesarenotverydifferentafterall!Differencesbetweenpeoplesdo,ofcourseexistand,onehopes,willalwayscontinuetodoso.Theworldwillbeadullplaceindeedwhenallthedifferentnationalitiesbehaveexactlyalike,andsomepeoplemightsaythatwearerapidlyapproachingthisstateofaffairs.Withthemuchgreaterrapidityandeaseoftravel,theremightseemtobesometruthinthisatleastasfarasEuropeisconcerned,Howeverthismaybe,atleast,thegreatereaseoftraveltodayhasrevealedtomorepeoplethaneverbeforethattheEnglishmanorFrenchmanorGermanisnotsomedifferentkindofanimalfromthemselves.
(30)
A.Theywillfindoutwhatitspeoplelike.
B.Theywillargueinfavorofthiscountryandthelanguage.
C.Theywillknowthecountryanditspeoplebetter.
D.Theywilllikeitsinhabitantsandtheirlanguage.
39.聽(tīng)力原文:W:Ohlook!There'stheguywesawlastweek,playingfootballinthepark!Helookedgreatinhiskit,remember?
M:Idon'trememberhim.I'vegotaterriblememoryforfaces.IevenhaveahardtimerecognizingpeopleI'vebeenintroducedto.
Q:Whatistheman'sproblem?
(15)
A.Hecan'trememberpeoplebysight.
B.Hecan'trememberpeoplebyname.
C.Hehasaterriblememoryforfootball.
D.Hehasahardtimerecognizingnames.
40.聽(tīng)力原文:"ButIjustpaid$1.69forthisbottleofwinelastweek.Howcomethepriceisnow$2.25?What'sgoingon?"
Thereareatleastthreethingsgoingonthathavecausedthepriceofwinetorise.Allhavetodowiththesupplyanddemandfactorsofeconomics.
Thefirstfactoristhatpeoplearedrinkingmorewinethaneverbefore.ThisdemandformorewinehasincreasedoverallwinesalesinAmericaattherateof15percentayear.
Thesecondfactoristhatthesupplyofwinehasstayedrelativelythesame,whichmeansthatthesamenumberofbottlesisproducedeachyear.Wineproducersaretryingtoopenupnewlandtogrowmoregrapes.Butinatleastthreewine-producingareasoftheworldFrance,Germany,andCalifornianewvineyardswillnotbeavailableinthenearfuture.Winesareproducedinothercountries,suchasItaly,SpainandAustralia,butnoneofthesecountrieswillbeabletofillthedemandforgoodwines.
Thethirdfactoristhatcostsofwineproductionareincreasing.Themenwhomakewineareaskingformoremoney,andthemachineryneededtopressthegrapesisbecomingmoreexpensive.
Whenthedemandforsomethingisgreaterthanthesupply,pricesgoup.Whenproductioncosts,meaningthepriceoflaborandmachinery,rise,theproduceraddsthisincreasetothepriceofthewine.
(33)
A.Thespeakerisinquiringabouttheprice.
B.Thespeakerisconcernedabouttheprice.
C.Thespeakerisbargainingwiththedealer.
D.Thespeakeriscomplainingabouttheprice.
三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.
Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson______.
A.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob
B.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders
C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteagoodbiography
D.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies
42.SectionB
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.
It'sabrandnewworld—aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hard-charging,noise-making,culture-shapingbrandsareeverywhere.They'reonsupermarketshelves,ofcourse,butalsoinbusinessplansfornetworkcompanystartupsandinthenamesofsportscomplexes.Brandsareinfiltrating(滲透)people'severydaylives—bystickingtheirlogosonclothes,inconcertprograms,onsubwaystationwalls,eveninelementaryschoolclassrooms.
WeliveinanageinwhichCBSnewscasterswearNikejacketsontheair,inwhichBurgerKingandMcDonald'sopenkiosks(小亭)inelementaryschoollunchrooms.Butasbrandsreach(andthenoverreach)intoeveryaspectofourlives,thecompaniesbehindtheminvitemorequestions,deeperscrutiny—andaninevitablebacklashbyconsumers.
"Ourintellectuallivesandourpublicspacesarebeingtakenoverbymarketingandthathasrealimplicationsforcitizenship,"saysauthorandactivistNaomiKlien."It'simportantforanyhealthyculturetohavepublicspace—aplacewherepeoplearetreatedascitizensinsteadofasconsumers.We'vecompletelylostthatspace."
Sincethemid-1980s,asmoreandmorecompanieshaveshiftedfrombeingaboutproductstobeingaboutideas,Starbucksisn'tsellingcoffee;it'ssellingcommunity!Thosecompanieshavepouredmoreandmoreresourcesintomarketingcampaigns.
Topayforthosecampaigns,thosesamecompaniesfiguredoutwaystocutcostselsewhere,forexample,byusingcontractlaborathomeandlow-wagelaborindevelopingcountries.Contractlaborersarehiredonatemporary,per-assignmentbasis,andemployershavenoobligationtoprovideanybenefit(suchashealthinsurance)orlong-termjobsecurity.Thissavescompaniesmoneybutobviouslyputsworkersinvulnerablesituations.IntheUnitedStates,contractlaborhasgivenrisetoso-calledMcJobs,whichemployersandworkersalikepretendaretemporary—eventhoughthesejobsareusuallyheldbyadultswhoaretryingtosupportfamilies.
Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.Thismadethoseinstitutionsmuchtoowilling,eveneager,topartnerwithprivatecompanies.Butcompaniestookadvantageoftheneedsofthoseinstitutions,reachingtoofar,andoverwhelmingthecivicspacewiththeirmarketingagendas.
Howcanbrandsinfiltratepeople'sdailylife?
A.Byhavingtheirlogosprintedinpeople'clothes.
B.Byhavingtheirbrandsreachinginprimaryschools.
C.Byfindingmeanstoputtheirproductsonsupermarketshelves.
D.Byputtingrelativeinformationoftheirproductsonpublicplaces.
43.(58)
44.
【C10】
45.Thelossofhousingandstockmarketwealthaffected______most.
46.
Whatdoestheauthorimplyspeakingofthesleepproblemsthatdoctorsface?
A.Doctors'sleepisdeprivedbyresidents.
B.Sleep-depriveddoctorsareintoxicated.
C.Doctorstendtoneglecttheirownsleepproblems.
D.Doctorsoftenneedlittlesleeptokeepthemenergetic.
47.
【C9】
48.
Theconclusionsfromthestudyindicatethat______.
A.thepursuitofhighself-esteemisatrendofmodernliving
B.whatisbeneficialforthecountryisself-controlratherthanself-esteem
C.itisproductivetopromotethetraditionalculturevalueofself-esteem
D.modestyandhumilityshouldbeemphasizedtoavoidharmfuleffectofhighself-esteem
49.
Whatwasdonetothepredictionsaboutthegrowthwhenthecreditcrunchemerged?
50.
Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose______.
51.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.
Tounderstandtheimportanceofcontrolledobservationinpsychology,welookatahorsebythenameofHans.Hanscouldreasonand"talk".Hanshadbeentrainedbyamathteacher,Mr.Osten,tocommunicatebytappingforefootandmovinghishead.Aheadnodm
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