2021-2022年四川省巴中市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)模擬考試(含答案)

2021-2022年四川省巴中市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)模擬考試(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

InthefirstyearofChina'sentryintoWTO,0.3%ofChina'sactualGDPgrowthwillbesubmittedtothisorganizationasstatedby______.

2.Thevolunteersweresurprisedatthefactthatineverydaydecision-making,people'sbeliefsareoften______.

3.

ComparedwiththenumberofAmericanpeoplewhohadtheirbloodcholesterollevelscheckedin1990was____________________thanthatofin1983.

4.

In1955,ablackwomannamedRosaParksrefusedtogiveherseattoawhiteperson.Thisactof______startedprotestsinMontgomerythatledtolegalchangesinminorityrightsintheUnitedStates.

5.

Theprocessthattheveinsgraduallycloseoffandtrapsugarsintheleaveswillcauseleaves______.

6.StudyStyles

Youknowwhetheryou'reamorningpersonoranightowl.Youknowwhetheryou'reapickyeaterofahumangarbagepail.Butdoyouknowifyoulearnbetterbyreadingorbyhearing?...ifyou'vesurvivedschoolsofar,youalreadyhavesomesortofstudyroutine—forbetterorforworse.Weaskedstudentsalloverthecountryforthelowdownontheirmethodsofoperations,andalsocollectedsomehard-wonadvice.Seeifyoucanrecognizeyourownpersonalstudymethodinthelistbelowandlearnhowtostudyeffectively.

TheDreamer

Youmaysayyou'restudying.Youmayevenlooklikeyou'restudying.Butyourmindisintheclouds.Yourtestperformanceseldomreflectsthoselonghoursyouspentatyourdesk,almoststudying;Kim,fromMontreal,says,"WhenIgottothelibrary,Iendupsittingthereandpeople-watching."Cindy,fromLafayette,Pennsylvania,says:"Personally,ItendtowriteeverythingdownonflashcardssoIcanquizmyselflater.EveryoneelsethinksthatI'llace(成績(jī)?yōu)锳)theexam,butsometimesIfindmyselfspendingsomuchtimewritingdowneverylittledetailthatIdon'thavetimetoactuallystudy."

Warning:ffyouspendalldaypretendstudying,you'llpayallnightcrammingforreal.(Whatawasteofsocializingtime!)Thisyear'sresolution:Stayontargetbysettinggoals(LikefourchaptersbyWednesday)andaskingyourfriendstotestyou.Also,tuneintoyourinterests:Ifyoufindyourselfdrawingelaboratedoodlesinthemarginswhenyou'resupposedtobeanalyzingShakespeare,takedrawingclassesandsnapoutofyourdaydream.

TheGrind

Onelookatyoursockdrawer,meticulously(非常細(xì)心地)arrangedinrainboworder,suggestscontrol-freaktendencies.Youneverfailtodoafixedamountofstudyingeachevening—andyourgoodgradesshowit.Youcautiouslyplotacoursetoconqueranunrulyassignment,andyourarelybreakyourroutine.Gretchen,fromChicago,describesherhard-coremethod:"Icompletelyorganizeallofmynotes.Then,beforeIdoanythingelse,IplanoutexactlyhowmanyhoursI'mgoingtostudyandhowlongIamgoingtotakebreaks.Thisway,Ialwaysstayontask.IreadthroughmynotesandthenhighlightthethingsIdon'tknowwell,tocommitthemtomemory."Butshe'snotdoneyet]"ThenIreadmyassignmentsagainandtakenotesandstudythesenotesthesamewayIstudiedmyclassnotes."Whew,Sarah,fromScarsdale,NewYork,alsoconsidersherselfaworkerbee."Iplanmyworksothatthere'ssomethingIhavetodoeverynightoftheweek.Butwhenthere'satest,I'lldoallmyassignmentsbeforetryingtodoanoverview.StudyingcomeslastbecauseI'llwaituntilthelastminutetoeventrytoconcentratingonsomethingwithsolittlestructure."

Warning:Whileyourself-disciplinewillserveyouwellincollege(orthemilitary),youmightwanttoaddmoreinspirationtoyourperspiration.Noamountofmemorization,orcolorcodingyournotebookswillhelpyouwriteanoriginal,opinionatedessay—andyou'llbewritingplenty.Thisyear'sresolution:Varyyourroutineandthinkaboutyourowninsightsmore.Afterreadinganassignment,tryclosingyoureyesandrecallingwhatyoufoundinterestingbeforebucklingdownwithyourimpeccablenotes.Andifyou'vegotahalfhourtospareinyourstudyschedule,trysomethingmessyandcreative,likewritingapoem.

TheSocialStudier

You'rethekindwholearnsoutloud.Youyakyourwaytoenlightenment,sostudybuddiesareamust.Inschool,youremembermorefromhearingthelecturesthanfromdoingthereading.Roberta,fromPrinceton,NewJersey,says:"IwenttoastudycounselortofindoutthatIlearnbestbylistening.It'strue:UntilIhearsome-thingoutloud,it'snotreallyrealtome.WhenI'mstudyingandIdon'tunderstandsomethinginourtextbook,I'llc

A.YB.NC.NG

7.Itwasnotuntil1947thatIndiabecame______.

8.

WhatmostcommonlyoccursinREMsleep?

A.Luciddreams.

B.Nightmares.

C.Daymares.

D.Indistinctdreams.

9.HowATMsWork?

You'reshortoncash,soyouwalkovertotheautomatedtellermachine(ATM),insertyourcardintothecardreader,respondtothepromptsonthescreen,andwithinaminuteyouwalkawaywithyourmoneyandareceipt.HaveyoueverwonderedabouttheprocessthatmakesyourbankfundsavailabletoyouatanATMontheothersideofthecountry?

ATMCardvs.CheckCard

Asanalternativetowritingchecksandusingacreditcard,mostmajorbankshaveteamedupwithmajorcredit-cardcompaniestoissuecheckcards.

CheckcardsaredifferentfromstraightATMcardsinacoupleofways.First,checkcardsarealsoknownasdebitcardsbecauseofhowtheywork--insteadofgettingcreditforyourpurchaseandreceivingamonthlybill,likeyoudowithacreditcard,acheck/debitcarddeductsmoneyfromyourcheckingorsavingsaccount.

Also,whileyoucanonlyuseyourATMcardattheATMmachine(andsomegrocerystores),youcanuseacheckcardatmostretailersthatacceptcreditcards.

Thereareexceptions.Somehotelsandrentalcarservicesonlyacceptcreditcardsbecauseit'seasier,cheaper,andlessofarisktothemthancheckcards.Thosethatdoacceptcheckcardsoftenputacertainamountofmoneyinyourbankaccount"onhold"(unavailabletoyou)-usuallythecostoftheroomorrentalincludingtaxesandotherfees,plusapercentageofthetotalorafeetocoverpossibledamages.Whenyoucheckoutofthehotelorturninyourrentalcar,thedifferencebetweenthe"hold"amountandwhatyou'reactuallybilled.isreleasedbackintoyouraccount:Thisissomethingtoconsiderwhenusingyourdebitcardtoreserveahotelroomorrentacar.

TheWayATMsWork

AnATMissimplyadataterminalwithtwoinputandfouroutputdevices.Likeanyotherdataterminal,theATMhastoconnectto,andcommunicatethrough,ahostprocessor.ThehostprocessorisanalogoustoanInternetserviceprovider(ISP)inthatitisthegatewaythroughwhichallthevariousATMnetworksbecomeavailabletothecardholder(thepersonwantingthecash).

Mosthostprocessorscansupporteitherleased-lineordial-upmachines.Leased-linemachinesconnectdirectlytothehostprocessorthroughafour-wire,point-to-point,dedicatedtelephoneline.Dial-upATMsconnecttothehostprocessorthroughanormalphonelineusingamodemandatoll-freenumber,orthroughanInternetserviceproviderusingalocalaccessnumberdialedbymodem.

Leased-lineATMsarepreferredforveryhigh-volumelocationsbecauseoftheirthru-putcapability,anddial-upATMsarepreferredforretailmerchantlocationswherecostisagreaterfactorthanthru-put.Theinitialcostforadial-upmachineislessthanhalfthatforaleased-linemachine.Themonthlyoperatingcostsfordial-upareonlyafractionofthecostsforleased-line.

Thehostprocessormaybeownedbyabankorfinancialinstitution,oritmaybeownedbyanindependentserviceprovider.Bank-ownedprocessorsnormallysupportonlybank-ownedmachines,whereastheindependentprocessorssupportmerchant-ownedmachines.

SensingBills

Thecash-dispensingmechanismhasanelectriceyethatcountseachbillasitexitsthedispenser.Thebillcountandalloftheinformationpertainingtoaparticulartransactionisrecordedinajournal.Thejournalinformationisprintedoutperiodicallyandahardcopyismaintainedbythemachineownerfortwoyears.Wheneveracardholderhasadisputeaboutatransaction,heorshecanaskforajournalprintoutshowingthetransaction,andthencontactthehostprocessor.Ifnooneisavailabletoprovidethejournalprintout,thecardholderneedstonotifythebankorinstitutionthatissuedthecardandfilloutaform.thatwillbefaxedtothehostprocessor.Itisthehostproc

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Asvascularplants,treesareorganizedintothreemajororgans:theroots,thestems,andtheleaves.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

______workswhenpatientstalkfreelyaboutthingstroublingthemandthenlearntocontroltheirfears.

12.

Itisadvisabletoprovideemployeeswithappropriateleadershipand______.

13.Caregiversofdisabledfamilymembersarereportedtoundergoamortalityrateof______

14.

Theclashbetweenlocalsandforeignersmaybesoftenedbyrealitiesbecausethelocalsneedto______toimprovetheirmanagement,financingandgreaterscalewhiletheforeignersneedhelpnavigatingChina'svastretailmarket.

15.

Accordingtotheauthor'simagination,inordertoglideonthesandsmoothly,thecreatureLashlarmmusthave______.

16.

Incolleges,student-athletesarecalledsosincethecollegesintendstodemonstratethatthey______betweentheintellectualpursuitandphysicalpursuit.

17.

Antipollutionlegislationshavebeenenactedthankstothecontinuedpressurefrom______.

A.grass-rootsorganizations

B.individualactivism

C.environmentalists

D.environmentalregulation

18.

Whatisthebestsolutionforthosedreamers?

A.Settinggoalsandsticktothem.

B.Askingtheirfriendstoalwayswatchthem.

C.Findingoutwhattheyarereallyinterestedin.

D.Finishingthedifficulttaskfirst.

19.

Identicaltwinshavehigherchanceofbothdevelopingschizophreniabecauseofthestrongroleof______.

20.

Whatdoestheauthorsuggestabouthowtokeepatimelog?

A.Theroutinetriflesinlifeshouldbedisregarded.

B.Detailsshouldbetakendownasmanyaspossible.

C.Activitiesatworkshouldbeprimarilyrecorded.

D.Thereshouldbenomorethan100entries.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(26)

A.Trytoretainasmanynewwordsaspossible.

B.Practicewordsatappropriateintervals.

C.Learndifficultwordswiththehighestfrequencies.

D.Makecomplicatedwordssimplythroughrepetition.

22.

【B5】

23.

【B7】

24.(21)

A.Hedranktoomuchcoffeelastnight.

B.Hecaughtacoldlastnight.

C.Heisnervousabouthisproject.

D.Hemisseddinnerlastnight.

25.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.1:50.B.1:55.C.2:00.D.2:05.

26.(35)

A.JapanesestudentsstudymuchharderthanColumbianstudents.

B.ColumbianstudentsscorehigherthanJapanesestudentsinmath.

C.Columbianstudentsaremoreoptimisticabouttheirmathskills.

D.Japanesestudentshavebetterconditionsforstudy.

27.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Idon'tenjoydatinganymore.Ican'tseemtofindanyoneIhaveanythingincommonwith.

W:Don'tfeeldiscouraged.Bepatient.Asyouaresodistinguished,youwilldefinitelyfindtherightpersonwhoisrightforyou.

M:Totellyouthetruth,Iamtiredofbeingalone,IhopetofindmyMrs.Right.WhatshouldIdo?

W:DoyoubelieveinInternetmatchmakingservice?

M:That'sreallyanewwalkoflife.Whatisitexactly?

W:Ithelpsmatchupsinglestheworldover,andhelpsfindthemanandwomanoftheirdreams.

M:Oh,itmustbetothetasteofacertaingroupofpeople.

W:TheadvertisementsaidDreamDateshasmatchedupthousandsofsinglestheworldover!

M:Unbelievable!Theymustbeexaggeratingthefigure!

W:Lookatthewaytheymanagetheirbusiness:theycollectapplicants'photos,andgivetheapplicantsquestionnairestofilloutastowhattypeofcharactertheyare.

M:Idon'tbelieveseveralquestionscandecidethetypeofpersonyou're,People'scharactersarecomplicatedandkeepchangingallthetime.

W:Anyway,itseemsthatthingsworkwellthisway.Theinformationandspecificationswillbeenteredinalargecomputerdatabase.

M:Acomputertodecideyourbestdate?That'sreallyridiculous!

W:Look,itpromises:DreamDatesprovidesexpertdatingserviceandaplaceforsinglestomeet,We'llintroduceyoutothepersonuniquelyqualifiedtobeyourpartner.

M:Sheerslogans!Notreliable!

W:Itsaysyoucanenrollinafreetrialmembership!

M:Iwon'tdoiteventheypaymeforthat!

W:Well,wedon'thavetobelievethis.MaybeIcantellJohnandseewhetherhe'dliketotryit.

(26)

A.Warmerclothes.

B.Moreaggressiveclothes,

C.Brightercolorsofclothes.

D.Morecasualclothes.

28.(25)

A.Heoughttoeatmoretostrengthenhimself.

B.Heshouldseeadoctor.

C.Herhusbandshouldstartwithalightworkout.

D.Herhusbandneedstovisitafitnesstrainer.

29.(36)

A.Condemnthetechnologyinitself.

B.LimittheapplicationofInternettechnology.

C.Paymoreattentiontothesocialfactorsofthetechnology.

D.ReducethetimespentonInternet.

30.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Whydon'tyougetanotherjobforachange?

M:ButIlikemyjob.

W:Look,digginggardensisnotajobforauniversitygraduate.

M:Butthemoneyisnotbadandthere'splentyoffreshair.

W:IfIwereyon,I'dtakesomekindofdirectionlayerteaching.

M:Teaching?Anythingbutthat.It'ssoboring.

W:Comeon,youreallymustthinkofthefuture.

M:I'lltellyouwhat.I'dliketobeadoctor.

W:Well,youshouldthinkveryseriouslyaboutthat.Itmeansalotofstudy,andthenworkingallsortsofhours.

M:Yes,maybe.Buttheideasoundsinteresting.

W:Well,then,yououghttogetmoreinformationaboutitassoonaspossible.

(20)

A.Thegoodpay.

B.Thefreshair.

C.Thebrightfuture.

D.BothAandB.

31.聽(tīng)力原文：M:IwentoutwithmygirlfriendtoanicerestaurantlastnightandInoticedthatmanypeopleshoutedforthebill.Itwasquiteannoyinganddislikable.

W:Thatseemstobeverycommonamongpeoplenow,butIhavetosay,itisalittleimpoliteinsuchapublicplace.

M:Ican'tagreemore.IjustthoughtI'daskyouandseewhatyouthoughtofit.Anyway,whatdidyoudoyesterdayevening?

W:Well,Iplannedtogotothegym,butitwasreallyawarmevening,soIwalkedintheparkforacoupleofmiles.Actually,severalotherpeoplehadthesameidea.IsawBill.

M:Didyou?Howishethesedays?

W:HeisOK.Wejuststoppedandchattedforafewminutes.Thenhegotacallandwentback.

M:Isee.Socanyousuggestafewexercisestohelpmestretchmymusclesalittle?

W:Sure.Onegoodwayistodopush-ups.

M:WhenIdopush-ups,shouldIbendmyelbowssothatmynosetouchestheground?

W:Actually,youdon'tneedtobendyourelbowsthatmuch.Bendthemsothatyourarmsareata90degreeangle.Themostimportantthingistoremembertokeepyourbodystraight.Manypeoplebendtheirbodiesatthewaist,whichreducestheeffectivenessoftheexercise.

M:What'sagoodexerciseformychestmuscles?

W:Lieonyourback,holdaweightineachhandandstretchyourarmsoutsideofyourbody.Thenlifttheweightsup,keepingyourarmsstraightallthetime.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofpeople'sshoutingforthebill?

24.WheredidthewomanmeetBill?

25.Whatisthemostimportantthingindoingpushups?

(19)

A.Impolitebutcommon.

B.Annoyingbutcommon.

C.Annoyinganddislikable.

D.Commonandacceptable.

32.

【B11】

33.聽(tīng)力原文：W：Jack．doyouwanttoseeapictureofmynewkitten?Youwillfallinlovewithheratfirstsight．

M：Well，it'squiteadorable,though,infact,I'madogperson．

Q：Whatdoesthemallmean?

(13)

A.Helikescatsbetterthandogs.

B.Helikesbothcatsanddogs.

C.Helikesdogsbetterthancats.

D.Helikesneithercatsnordogs.

34.【B3】

35.(13)

A.Lindamadeherownguitar.

B.Lindataughtherselftoplaythepiano.

C.Lindataughtherselftoplaytheguitar.

D.Lindadoesn'thavemuchtalentformusic.

36.(43)

37.聽(tīng)力原文：Hiddenpassengerstravelinginships,trains,orevencarscanbeaterriblenuisance,especiallywhentheyareinsects,inthisrespect,thereisagreatdifferencebetweenhumanbeingsandinsects,Theformermakeeverypossibleefforttoavoiddiscovery,whilethelatterquicklydrawattentiontothemselves.

WecanonlysympathizewiththeunfortunatemanwhohadtostophiscarsoonaftersettingoutfromacountryvillagetodrivetoLondon.Hearingastrangenoisefromthebackoftheear.henaturallygotouttohavealook.Heexaminedthewheelscarefullybutashefoundnothingwrong,hecontinuedonhisway.Thenoisebeganalmostimmediatelyandnowitwaslouderthanever.Quicklyturninghishead,themansawwhatappearedtobeagreatblackcloudfollowingthecar.Whenbestoppedatavillagefurtheron,hewastoldthataqueenbeemustbehiddeninhiscarastherewerethousandsofbeesnearby.

Onlearningthis,themanrealizedthattheonlywaytoescapewouldbetodriveawayasquicklyaspossible.Afteranhour'sharddriving,hearrivedinLondonwhereheparkedhiscaroutsideahotelandwentintohaveadrink.Itwasnotlongbeforeacustomerwhohadseenhimarrivehurriedintoinform.himthathiscarwascoveredwithbees.Thepoormotoristtelephonedthepoliceandexplainedwhathadhappened.Thepolicedecidedthatthebestwaytodealwiththesituationwouldbetocallabee-keeper.Inashorttime,thebee-keeperarrived.Hefoundtheunwelcomepassengerhiddennearthewheelsatthebackofthecar.Verygratefultothemotoristforhisunexpectedgift,thekeepertookthequeenandherthousandsoffollowershomeinalargebox.Equallygratefulthemotoristdroveawayinpeace,atlastfleefromthe"blackcloud"whichhadhungoverhiscar.

(30)

A.Abignoise.

B.Astrangenoise.

C.Astranger'snoise.

D.Achild'snoise.

38.聽(tīng)力原文：Everycountrytendstoacceptitsownwayoflifeasbeingthenormaloneandtopraiseorcriticizeothersastheyaresimilartoordifferentfromit.Andunfortunately,ourpictureofthepeopleandthewayoflifeofothercountriesisoftenadistortedone.

Hereisagreatargumentinfavorofforeigntravelandlearningforeignlanguages.Itisonlybytravelingin,orlivingin.acountryandgettingtoknowitscitizensandtheirlanguage,thatonecanfindoutwhatacountryanditspeoplearereallylike.Andtheknowledgeonegainsthiswayfrequentlyturnsouttobedifferentfromthesecond-handinformationgatheredfromothersources.Howoftenwefindthattheforeignerswhomwethoughttobesuchdifferentpeoplefromourselvesarenotverydifferentafterall!Differencesbetweenpeoplesdo,ofcourseexistand,onehopes,willalwayscontinuetodoso.Theworldwillbeadullplaceindeedwhenallthedifferentnationalitiesbehaveexactlyalike,andsomepeoplemightsaythatwearerapidlyapproachingthisstateofaffairs.Withthemuchgreaterrapidityandeaseoftravel,theremightseemtobesometruthinthisatleastasfarasEuropeisconcerned,Howeverthismaybe,atleast,thegreatereaseoftraveltodayhasrevealedtomorepeoplethaneverbeforethattheEnglishmanorFrenchmanorGermanisnotsomedifferentkindofanimalfromthemselves.

(30)

A.Theywillfindoutwhatitspeoplelike.

B.Theywillargueinfavorofthiscountryandthelanguage.

C.Theywillknowthecountryanditspeoplebetter.

D.Theywilllikeitsinhabitantsandtheirlanguage.

39.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Ohlook!There'stheguywesawlastweek,playingfootballinthepark!Helookedgreatinhiskit,remember?

M:Idon'trememberhim.I'vegotaterriblememoryforfaces.IevenhaveahardtimerecognizingpeopleI'vebeenintroducedto.

Q:Whatistheman'sproblem?

(15)

A.Hecan'trememberpeoplebysight.

B.Hecan'trememberpeoplebyname.

C.Hehasaterriblememoryforfootball.

D.Hehasahardtimerecognizingnames.

40.聽(tīng)力原文："ButIjustpaid$1.69forthisbottleofwinelastweek.Howcomethepriceisnow$2.25?What'sgoingon?"

Thereareatleastthreethingsgoingonthathavecausedthepriceofwinetorise.Allhavetodowiththesupplyanddemandfactorsofeconomics.

Thefirstfactoristhatpeoplearedrinkingmorewinethaneverbefore.ThisdemandformorewinehasincreasedoverallwinesalesinAmericaattherateof15percentayear.

Thesecondfactoristhatthesupplyofwinehasstayedrelativelythesame,whichmeansthatthesamenumberofbottlesisproducedeachyear.Wineproducersaretryingtoopenupnewlandtogrowmoregrapes.Butinatleastthreewine-producingareasoftheworldFrance,Germany,andCalifornianewvineyardswillnotbeavailableinthenearfuture.Winesareproducedinothercountries,suchasItaly,SpainandAustralia,butnoneofthesecountrieswillbeabletofillthedemandforgoodwines.

Thethirdfactoristhatcostsofwineproductionareincreasing.Themenwhomakewineareaskingformoremoney,andthemachineryneededtopressthegrapesisbecomingmoreexpensive.

Whenthedemandforsomethingisgreaterthanthesupply,pricesgoup.Whenproductioncosts,meaningthepriceoflaborandmachinery,rise,theproduceraddsthisincreasetothepriceofthewine.

(33)

A.Thespeakerisinquiringabouttheprice.

B.Thespeakerisconcernedabouttheprice.

C.Thespeakerisbargainingwiththedealer.

D.Thespeakeriscomplainingabouttheprice.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson______.

A.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

B.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteagoodbiography

D.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

42.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

It'sabrandnewworld—aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hard-charging,noise-making,culture-shapingbrandsareeverywhere.They'reonsupermarketshelves,ofcourse,butalsoinbusinessplansfornetworkcompanystartupsandinthenamesofsportscomplexes.Brandsareinfiltrating(滲透)people'severydaylives—bystickingtheirlogosonclothes,inconcertprograms,onsubwaystationwalls,eveninelementaryschoolclassrooms.

WeliveinanageinwhichCBSnewscasterswearNikejacketsontheair,inwhichBurgerKingandMcDonald'sopenkiosks(小亭)inelementaryschoollunchrooms.Butasbrandsreach(andthenoverreach)intoeveryaspectofourlives,thecompaniesbehindtheminvitemorequestions,deeperscrutiny—andaninevitablebacklashbyconsumers.

"Ourintellectuallivesandourpublicspacesarebeingtakenoverbymarketingandthathasrealimplicationsforcitizenship,"saysauthorandactivistNaomiKlien."It'simportantforanyhealthyculturetohavepublicspace—aplacewherepeoplearetreatedascitizensinsteadofasconsumers.We'vecompletelylostthatspace."

Sincethemid-1980s,asmoreandmorecompanieshaveshiftedfrombeingaboutproductstobeingaboutideas,Starbucksisn'tsellingcoffee;it'ssellingcommunity!Thosecompanieshavepouredmoreandmoreresourcesintomarketingcampaigns.

Topayforthosecampaigns,thosesamecompaniesfiguredoutwaystocutcostselsewhere,forexample,byusingcontractlaborathomeandlow-wagelaborindevelopingcountries.Contractlaborersarehiredonatemporary,per-assignmentbasis,andemployershavenoobligationtoprovideanybenefit(suchashealthinsurance)orlong-termjobsecurity.Thissavescompaniesmoneybutobviouslyputsworkersinvulnerablesituations.IntheUnitedStates,contractlaborhasgivenrisetoso-calledMcJobs,whichemployersandworkersalikepretendaretemporary—eventhoughthesejobsareusuallyheldbyadultswhoaretryingtosupportfamilies.

Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.Thismadethoseinstitutionsmuchtoowilling,eveneager,topartnerwithprivatecompanies.Butcompaniestookadvantageoftheneedsofthoseinstitutions,reachingtoofar,andoverwhelmingthecivicspacewiththeirmarketingagendas.

Howcanbrandsinfiltratepeople'sdailylife?

A.Byhavingtheirlogosprintedinpeople'clothes.

B.Byhavingtheirbrandsreachinginprimaryschools.

C.Byfindingmeanstoputtheirproductsonsupermarketshelves.

D.Byputtingrelativeinformationoftheirproductsonpublicplaces.

43.(58)

44.

【C10】

45.Thelossofhousingandstockmarketwealthaffected______most.

46.

Whatdoestheauthorimplyspeakingofthesleepproblemsthatdoctorsface?

A.Doctors'sleepisdeprivedbyresidents.

B.Sleep-depriveddoctorsareintoxicated.

C.Doctorstendtoneglecttheirownsleepproblems.

D.Doctorsoftenneedlittlesleeptokeepthemenergetic.

47.

【C9】

48.

Theconclusionsfromthestudyindicatethat______.

A.thepursuitofhighself-esteemisatrendofmodernliving

B.whatisbeneficialforthecountryisself-controlratherthanself-esteem

C.itisproductivetopromotethetraditionalculturevalueofself-esteem

D.modestyandhumilityshouldbeemphasizedtoavoidharmfuleffectofhighself-esteem

49.

Whatwasdonetothepredictionsaboutthegrowthwhenthecreditcrunchemerged?

50.

Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose______.

51.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Tounderstandtheimportanceofcontrolledobservationinpsychology,welookatahorsebythenameofHans.Hanscouldreasonand"talk".Hanshadbeentrainedbyamathteacher,Mr.Osten,tocommunicatebytappingforefootandmovinghishead.Aheadnodm