2021-2022年山東省日照市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）

2021-2022年山東省日照市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Whatkindofanimalaffectedbyman-madechemicalsisnotreferredinthepassage?

A.Polarbears.B.Mammals.C.People.D.Birds.

2.OfficeSpace

Aroundtheturnofthecentury,youcouldn'tgetofficespaceinSanFranciscowithoutfirstshowingyourpotentiallandlordyourbusinessplanandofferingstockoptions.Youhadtopitchyourlandlordthesamewayyoudidyourventurecapitalists.Landlordsrealizedtheycouldpickandchoosetenantsandinterviewthem,ratherthanviceversa.

Sincethedot-combust,however,thathaschangeddrastically.ThevacancyrateinSanFranciscojumpedfrom2%in2000to9%in2001.Now,landlordsarelesspickyandwilloftendivideupfloorsoftheirbuildingstosuitsmallertenants.

WhatFunctionsDoesthespaceNeedtosever

Whendecidingwhatpurposesyouneedyourofficespacetofill,thinkaboutyourexpectedeverydayactivities.Forinstance:

WillyouexpectclientstoVisityouroffice?Thenyouneedanicereceptionarea,easyparking,productdisplayareas,conferenceareas.

Willthoseclientsstayforextendedperiodsoftime?Thenlargermeetingrooms,audio/visualrooms,theimpactandimpressionsthattherestofyourofficespacewillmakeonthem.Shouldtherebeaclosed-offareathatclientsvisit?

Willgroupsofyouremployeeshaveregularprojectmeetings?Thinkabouthavingseveralsmallmeetingroomswithwhiteboards,computerhook-ups,overheadprojectionsystems,etc.

Willmanyofyouremployeestravelextensivelyortelecommute?Thinkaboutsettingupcentral,non-assignedworkstationswhereanyonecanpluginanddotheirworkwithaccesstoe-mail,andvoicemail.

Willyouneedopenspacesthatwillfostercreativethinkingandteamwork?Thinkaboutsettingupseparateareaswherecollaborativeeffortscaneasilybediscussedandbrainstormedwithoutdisturbingothers.

Willyouhaveemployeesinvolvedinphonenegotiations,researchstudy,andothertasksthatrequiremorequietconcentration?--Thinkabout..,privateofficeswheremoreindependentworkandprivatediscussionscantakeplace.

Willyouhaveemployeesorclientswithsightorhearingimpairments,physicalchallenges,etc.?--Thinkabout..,specialaccommodationsforemployeesorclientswithspecialneeds.

Willyouneedabreakroom?--Thinkaboutlunchroomspace,kitchenappliances,gamesandactivitiestorelievestressandfostercreativethought,restfuldecor,energeticdecor,etc.

Willnoisebeanissueinanyrespect?--Thinkabout..,soundproofingmeetingrooms,breakrooms,productdevelopmentareas,manufacturingareas,etc.

Willyouneedloadingandshippingdockareas?--Thinkabout..,futureventuresintoproductlinesyoumaynotoffernow,receivinglargeordersofsupplies,etc.

Thereareprobablyotherusesforyourofficespace,somakesureyou'vethoroughlythoughtthroughalloftheactivitiesyouseebeingperformedonaroutine(andevenanon-routine)basisandwritethemdown.Yourfinalselectedspaceshouldaccommodatemostifnotallofthoseneeds.

Sonowyouknowtheusesthespacewillhave,buthowmuchsquarefootageshouldyoulookfor?Let'sgotothenextsessiontofindouthowtoestimatethesizeofofficeyouneed.

HowmuchspaceIsEnoughspace?

Ifyouknowyouneedaphysicalspaceforyourbusiness,andyouknowwhatfeaturesyouneedinthatspace,thenyournextquestionisprobably,"howmuchspacedoIneed?"AccordingtoOfficeF,intypicalofficescenarios,youcanestimate175-250squarefeetperemployee.Ifyouknow,however,thatyou'llneedacoupleoflargeexecutiveofficesthenyouneedtoestimatemoresquarefootageforthose.Typical"presidential"officesrangefrom150-400squarefeet.Secretarialandadministrativespace,ontheotherhand,willrangefrom60-110squarefeet.<

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Securityisals0abigconcernasBluetoothtechnologyhasanessenceof_______________.

4.Thegovernmenthastodecidehowtoarrangepeople'sassetsifthey______.

5.

Exercisesingratitude,kindnessandoptimismcanmakepeoplehappier—butonlyiftheykeepdoingthemandtheseexercises______.

6.

Whethertheemploymentofwomenhasledtogreateregalitarianismis______.

7.

AccordingtoEuropeanconcepts,aFrencharchitectdesignedamodemIndiancity,named______.

8.

Ahotclogisusuallymadefrompork,heel,turkeyandtofu.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.(9)

10.

Prisontermstobeservedonweekendsonlyare______.

11.

Manufacturesanalyzethebusinessofsellingandbuyingallthetime,thisiscalled______.

12.

Whichofthefollowingismentionedasabenefitofwalking?

A.Itisbeneficialtoyourheartandlungs.

B.Ithelpstobuildstrongupperbodymuscles.

C.Itputsnostressonyourjoints.

D.Itdoesnoharmtothebones.

13.

Newtreeseedlingswillnotsurvivetoreachthecanopylevelunless

14.ResidentsofOldOrderAmishcommunitiesbeganunconsciouslytopractisesustainablelivingfrom______.

15.

Withthedevelopmentof______,therecoveryperiodmaybecomeshorterandshorter.

16.Onceapersonistooweakorlosestheabilitytodothings,alivingwillisareliabledocumentforrequired______.

17.

PeoplewhovoluntarilyworkedasservantsforseveralyearsinexchangeforpassagetoAmericawerecalledindenturedservants.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.Theexistingsatellitesarenotgoodatdetectingthethicknessoftheicepartlybecausetheorbitsofsatelliteswith______donotcovereveryportionoftheocean.

19.

TheYellowRiverinChinafailedtoreachtheseaforthefirsttimeinhistoryintheyearof______.

20.

Oftenstudentsarequite______thattheyaremovingtheirheadswhilereading.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B7】

22.

【B4】

23.

【B2】

24.聽力原文：W:I'vebeenstudyingallthetime,butIstillcan'tseeanyimprovementinmygrades.

M:Maybeinsteadofstudyinginyourdorm,you'dbettergotosomeplacewheretherearefewerdistractions.

Q:Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?

(19)

A.Studyinaquietplace.

B.Improvehergradesgradually.

C.Changetheconditionsofherdorm.

D.Avoiddistractionswhilestudyinginherdorm.

25.(21)

A.Theintroductionofthedraft.

B.Thefirstpartofthedraft.

C.Theheadingsofthedraft.

D.Themiddlepartofthedraft.

26.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Atonetimeitwasthemostimportantcityintheregion—abustlingcommercialcenterknownforitsmassivemonuments,itscrowdedstreetsandcommercialdistricts,anditsculturalandreligiousinsituations.Then,suddenly,itwasabandoned.Withinagenerationmostofitspopulationdepartedand'theatoncemagnificentcitybecameallbutaghosttown.Thisisthehistoryofapre-ColumbiacitycalledTeotihuacán.ThenameistheAztecword,whichmeans"theplacethegodcallshome".Itwasonceametropolisofasmanyas2,000,000inhabitants33milesnorthwestofpresent-dayMexicoCity.AnditwasalsothefocusofagreatempirethatstretchedfromthearidplainsofcentralMexicotothemountainofGuatemala.

Whydidthiscitydie?Researchershavefoundnosignsofepidemicdiseaseordestructiveinversions.ButtheyhavefoundsignsthatsuggesttheTeotihuacánsthemselvesburnedtheirtemplesandsomeoftheirotherbuildings.Therewereevidencerevealedthatpilesofweedhadbeenplacedaroundthesestructuresandsetfire.SomespeculatethatTeotihuacán'sinhabitantsmayhaveabandonedthecitybecauseithadbecome"aclumsygiant..."Butotherexpertsthinkthattheancientinhabitantsmayhavedestroyedtheirtemplesandabandonedtheircityinrageagainsttheirgodsforpermittingalongfamine.

(27)

A.It'snearMexicoCity.

B.It'sinGuatemala.

C.It'sstretchedfromtheplainsofcentralMexicotothemountainsofGuatemala.

D.It'sinAmerica.

27.

【B8】

28.聽力原文：M:Whatdoyouthinkofthegovernment'snewtax-cutproposal?

W:Thoughitmaygivesomebenefittothepoor,itskeycomponentistheeliminationoftaxondividends.Thatmeanstherichwillgetricher.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthegovernment'stax-cutproposal?

(18)

A.Itwillreducegovernmentrevenues.

B.Itwillstimulatebusinessactivities.

C.Itwillmainlybenefitthewealthy.

D.Itwillcutthestockholders'dividends.

29.聽力原文：W:Thisfoodisterrible!Ican'tevenfinishmydinner.

M:Iknow.Youthinkwithallthemoneywepaidforroomandboard,theuniversitycouldhireabetterfoodservice.Whereareyouheadednext?

W:I'mgoingovertothestudentrecreationcentertoplaysomebridge.

M:Youarespendingyourtimeonacardgame?

W:Notjustanycardgame.It'soneofthemoststrategicones.

M:SoIhaveheard.Don'tyouplaywithapartner?

W:Yeah!Fourpeopleplay,twoagainsttheothertwo.

M:So,youtrytoplayincooperationwithyourpartner?

W:Actually,thecardsofoneofthefourplayersareturnedfaceup.Thatplayeriscalledthedummy.

M:Iwouldn'twanttobecalledthat.Whenyouarethedummy,whatdoyoudowhilethecardsarebeingplayed?

W:Anythingyouwant.Sitthereandstudy,shuffleanotherdeck,getsnacksforeveryoneIliketostandbehindmypartnerandwatch.

M:Youknow,I'veheardthatbridgeishabitforming.Youshouldbecarefulnottoplaysomuchthatyoudon'tgetyourstudyingdone.

W:Don'tworryaboutme.IonlyplayThursdaysafterdinner,andsometimeswhentheyneedaforthplayer.Ifyoutike,Icouldteachyou.

M:Thanks,butIhaveaprettyheavyworkloadthissemester;IalreadyspendmyeveningsdoingthingsIdon'treallyknowhowtodoyet.

(23)

A.Inthestudentrecreationcenter.

B.Inthecampusdininghall.

C.Intheuniversitybookstore.

D.Inaclassroom.

30.(20)

A.Aboutwhichhousetobuy.

B.Aboutwhichschooltosendtheirchildrento.

C.Aboutwhethertobuythesailing-boat.

D.Abouthowtodecoratethenewhouse.

31.聽力原文：UniversityteachingintheUnitedKingdomisverydifferentatbothundergraduateandgraduatelevelsfromthatofmanyoverseascountries.

Anundergraduatecourseconsistsofaseriesoflectures,seminarsandtutorials,andinscienceandengineering,laboratoryclasses,whichintotalaccountforabout15hoursperweek.Artsstudentsmaywellfindthattheirofficialcontactwithteachersislessthanthisaverage,whilescienceandengineeringstudentsmayexpecttobetimetabledforupto20hoursperweek.Studentsstudyingforaparticulardegreewilltakeaseriesoflecturecourseswhichruninparallelatafixedtimeineachweekandmaylastoneacademictermorthewholeyear.Associatedwitheachlecturecourseareseminars,tutorialsandlaboratoryclasseswhichdrawupon,analyze,illustrateoramplifythetopicspresentedinthelectures.Lectureclassescanvaryinsizefrom20to200althoughlargersizedlecturestendtodecreaseasstudentsprogressintothesecondandthirdyearandmoreoptionsbecomeavailable.Seminarsandtutorialsareonthewholemuchsmallerthanlectureclaspsandinsomedepartmentscanbeonaone-to-onebasis.Studentsarenormallyexpectedtoprepareworkinadvance,forseminarsandtutorialsandthiscantaketheform.ofresearchingatopicfordiscussion,bywritingessaysorbysolvingproblems.Lectures,seminarsandtutorialsareallonehourinlength,whilelaboratoryclassesusuallylast2or3hours.Muchemphasisisputonhowtospendasmuchtimeifnotmorestudyingbythemselvesasbeingtaught.IntheUKitisstillcommonforpeopletosaythattheyare"reading"foradegree!

(33)

A.Sciencecoursesaremoremotivatingthanartscourses.

B.Sciencecoursesaremoreinterestingthanartscourses.

C.Artscourseshavemoreclassesthansciencecourses.

D.Sciencecoursesaremoredemandingthanartscourses.

32.(22)

A.Foraneasygrade.

B.Tofollowhisfather.

C.Tochangehisspecialty.

D.Forknowledgeofpoetry.

33.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Fromthechildtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansof【B1】______ourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaroundus.Whenhumansfirst【B2】______,theywerelikenewbornchildren,unabletousethisvaluabletool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,the【B3】______forhuman'skind'sfutureattainmentandculturalgrowthincreased.

Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis【B4】______forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They【B5】______thatourhighevolvedbrainprovidesuswithaninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlowerorganism.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatourpotentialforlanguageis【B6】______,butthatlanguageitselfdevelops【B7】______,asafunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecriticalbiologicaltimesforlanguagedevelopment.

Currentreviewsofinnatenesstheoryaremixed,however,evidencesupportingthe【B8】______ofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.Indeed,moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtinthelowergrades.【B9】______.

Althoughsomeaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeenisolatedfromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.【B10】______Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguageacquisitionthananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitative,learnedbehavior.Inotherwords,childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.【B11】______.

【B1】

34.聽力原文：M:Youarewashingyourcarevenonvacation.Itmakesmefeelguilty.

W:Youshouldn't.It'sjustthatIhavenothingbettertodoatthemoment.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(19)

A.She'swatchingthecarsgoby.

B.She'swashingthecarforkillingtime.

C.Themanshouldfeelwellsoon.

D.Themanworksharderthanshedoes.

35.

【B3】

36.聽力原文：M:Susan,Ifeelsohappynow.I'vejustgotthenewsthatI'vewonthescholarshipforthenextschoolyear.

W:Youcertainlydeserveit.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(15)

A.Itisquiteunexpected.

B.Shehasalreadygotthenews.

C.Shehasconfidenceintheman.

D.Itisnotexcitingtolearnaboutit.

37.聽力原文：W：(19)Youareanexpertonurbanproblem.Mr.Cross.Iwonderhowyouwoulddescribethecharacteristicsoftheseenormouscities．

M：ThefirstpointtomakeisthattheyaredifferentfromlargecitiesinEuropeandAmerica.

W：Surlyalllargecitiesareessentiallysimilar．

M：It'struethatalllargecitiesexperiencesimilarproblemsprovisioninghousingandservices，butthedifferenceliesinthetimefactor．

W：Surlysomeofthecitiesweareconsideringarejustasoldand,insomecases，mucholder,thancitiesintheUnitedStates，forinstance.

M：Verytrue,butthelargecitiesofEuropeandtheUnitedStatesgrewrelativelyslowly．(21)Londonhadapopulationofmorethanamillionatthebeginningofthenineteenthcenturyandthisnumberofmorethaneightmillion.Andthisgrowthwasparalleltoindustrialgrowththroughoutthecountry．ThesameistrueofNewYork,forexample．

W：ButthisisnottrueofMexicocityorBuenosAires?

M：No，itisnot．(20)ThroughoutLatinAmericaandinpartsofAsia,citieshavegrownmuchfasterthanindustry，oragricultureforthatmatter．Someofthesecitieshavequadrupledinsizeinlessthantwodecades，whileindustrialgrowthoverthesameperiodmayhaveonlyreachedthirtytofortypercent．

W：Whatdoesthismean?

M:Essentiallythepopulationgrowthisnotequaltothenumberofemploymentopportunities.Muchoftheincreaseisduetoimmigrationfromthecountryside,amovementofpeopleinsearchofbetterconditions.

(20)

A.Thetouristandtheguide.

B.Thestudentandtheteacher.

C.Thereporterandtheurbanexpert.

D.Theworkerandthemanager.

38.(36)

A.Smokingisprohibitedanywhereinthecoach.

B.Smokingcigarettesispermittedanywhereinthecoach.

C.Smokingcigarettesispermittedonlyinthelastthreerowsofseats.

D.Cigarsmokingispermittedinthelastthreerowsofseatsinthecoach.

39.聽力原文：W：Asawell-knownpublicspeaker，canyougiveussomesuggestionsonhowtodeliveragoodspeech?

M：(19)Tobeginwith,youshouldaskyourselfaquestion,thatis,whatdoesyouraudienceneedandwant?It'sbettertoquestionyourselfbeforethespeech．

W：Whydoweneedtoknowtheirneedsandwants?

M：(21)IfyouareapublicspeakerLitisabsolutelyessentialtoknowhowtocaptureandmaintaintheinterestofyouraudience,whichmeansyouhavetoknowwhattheywanttoknowandwhattheywanttohear．

W：Youmeanweshouldpayspecialattentiontothecontentofthespeech，right?

M：Yes．Ifyouelaborateonfactsandfiguresthateveryoneisalreadyfamiliarwith，thenitisquitepossiblethatyouwillactuallylosetheattentionofthosewhoarelisteningtoyourpresentation．

W：Whatshouldwedothen?

M：(20)Manysuccessfulspeakerswillsummarizethatpartoraddsomedifferentviewpointstoit．Thisisagoodwaytoincreasetheirlevelofunderstandingofthetopic．Ifyouraudiencecannotfollowyourspeech．it'squitepossiblethatthey'llleaveordozeoff．

W：Howaboutbodylanguage?Iseemanyspeakersusealotofhandgestures．

M：Notonlyhandgestures，butalsofacialexpression，bodymovementandevenvoicechanges．Itisalwaysimportanttorememberthatsometimes，howyousaysomethingwillhavealargerimpactthanwhatyousay．

(20)

A.Askhimselfalotofquestions.

B.Knowhisownneedsandwants.

C.Figureoutwhathisaudienceisinterestedin.

D.Puthisnotesinorderahead.

40.(35)

A.Farmersshoulduselessinsecticide:

B.Farmersshoulduseacombinationoftwoorthreeinsecticidesatonce.

C.Farmersshouldattractnewinsectsontothecropscertaintimes.

D.Farmersshouldregularlyspraycropsasaprecaution.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

【C10】

42.

Accordingtotheauthor,______.

A.thepersonalitiesofathletesproduceviolentconfrontations

B.athletesshouldnothavetoacceptunnecessaryphysicalabuse

C.athletessalariesarealreadytoohigh

D.athletesneedhighersalariestocompensatefortheirinjuries

43.Ironically,intheUnitedStates,acountryofimmigrants,prejudiceanddiscriminationcontinuetobeseriousproblems.Therewasoftentensionbetweeneachestablishedgroupofimmigrantsandeachsucceedinggroup.Aseachgroupbecamemorefinanciallysuccessful,andmorepowerful,theyexcludednewcomersfromfullparticipationinthesociety.Prejudiceanddiscriminationarepartofourhistory,however,thisprejudicialtreatmentofdifferentgroupsisnowheremoreunjustthanwithblackAmericans.

Blackshaddistinctdisadvantages.Forthemostpart,theycametothe"landofopportunity"asslavesandtheywerenotfreetokeeptheirheritageandculturaltraditions.UnlikemostEuropeanimmigrants,blacksdidnothavetheprotectionofasupportgroup;sometimesslave-ownersseparatedmembersofthesamefamily.Theycouldnotmixeasilywiththeestablishedsocietyeitherbecauseoftheirskincolor.ItwasdifficultforthemtoadapttotheAmericanculture.Evenaftertheybecamefreepeople,theystillexperienceddiscriminationinemployment,housing,education,andeveninpublicfacilities,suchasrestroom.

Prejudiceanddiscrimination______.

A.weregone

B.havebeenexistingintheAmericansociety

C.don'texcludenewimmigrantsfromparticipationinthesociety

D.aremainlycausedbytheslavery

44.LikepeopleinJapan,Europeancitydwellersmayalsoundergoashiftfromowningacartousing______.

45.

Themainpurposeofstockoptionsis______.

A.togiveincentivetocutcomerstopumpupstockpricesintheshortterm

B.toinspireCEOstowinandlosewiththerestoflong-termshareholders

C.tolessentheextentofcorporatemalfeasance

D.toimprovecompany'sprofitbycuttingthetaxpaidtothegovernment

46.

【C7】

47.

TheexampleofArpadPusztaiisusedtoillustrate______.

A.publicignoranceofthepotentialrisksinGEfood

B.theroleofTVinpublicizingscientificknowledge

C.theimportanceofscientificfindingstoscientificresearch

D.thethreatfacedbyindependentscience

48.Whichfactorpusheduphouseprices?

A.Manyyoungmen,wholivealone,haveincreaseddemandforhouses.

B.Manyyoungmenneedtorentmorehouses.

C.Itiseasytoapplyforamortgageforyounggeneration.

D.Thenumberofolderpeople,manyofwhomlivealone,becomesbiggerandbigger.

49.

WelearnfromthepassagethatamanfromtheSpeikRiverareaculturewilltrytogrowsuperioryamsprincipallyinorderto______.

A.showflintheworksharderthanothers

B.honorthespiritsofthedead

C.providehisfamilywithnourishingfood

D.demonstratehisownpowerandimportance

50.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Anewstudyusesadvancedbrain-scanningtechnologytoeastlightonatopicthatpsychologistshavepuzzledoverformorethanhalfacentury:socialconformity.

Thestudywasbasedonafamousseriesoflaboratoryexperimentsfromthe1950'sbyasocialpsychologist,Dr.SolomonAsch.

Inthoseearlystudies,thesubjectswereshowntwocards.Onthefirstwasaverticalline.Onthesecondwerethreelines,oneofthemthesamelengthasthatonthefirstcard.

Thenthesubjectswereaskedtosaywhichtwolineswerealike,somethingthatmost5-year-oldscouldanswercorrectly.

ButDr.Aschaddedatwist.Sevenotherpeople,incahootswiththeresearchers,alsoexaminedthelinesandgavetheiranswersbeforethesubjectsdid.Andsometimestheseconfederatesintentionallygavethewronganswer.

Dr.Aschwasastonishedatwhathappenednext.Afterthinkinghard,threeoutoffoursubjectsagreedwiththeincorrectanswersgivenbytheconfederatesatleastonce.Andoneinfourconformed50percentofthetime.

Dr,Asch,whodiedin1996,alwayswonderedaboutthefindings.Didthepeoplewhogaveintogroupdosoknowingthattheiranswerswerewrong?Ordidthesocialpressureactuallychangetheirperceptions?

ThenewstudytriedtofindananswerbyusingfunctionalM.R.I.scannersthatcanpeerintotheworkingbrain,atechnologynotavailabletoDr.Asch.

AsinDr.Asch'sexperiments,manyofthesubjectscavedintogrouppressure.Onaverage,Dr.Bernssaid,theywentalongwiththegrouponwronganswers41percentofthetime.

"Weliketothinkthatseeingisbelieving,butthestudy'sfindingsshowthatseeingisbelievingwhatthegrouptellsyoutobelieve."

Theimplicationsofthestudy'sfindingsarehuge,Dr.Bernssaid.

Inmanyareasofsociety—elections,forexample,orjurytrials—theacceptedwaytoresolveconflictsbetweenanindividualandagroupistoinvokethe"ruleofthemajority."Thereisasoundreasonforthis:Amajorityrepresentsthecollectivewisdomofmanypeople,ratherthanthejudgmentofasingleperson.

Butthesuperiorityofthegroupcandisappearwhenthegroupexertspressureonindividuals,Dr.Bernssaid.

Theunpleasantnessofstandingalonecanmakeamajorityopinionseemmoreappealingthanstickingtoone'sownbeliefs.

ThepurposeofDr.Betas'studyisto______.

A.testtheintelligenceofthesubjects

B.determinethepsychologicalhealthofthesubjects

C.improvebrain-scanningtechnology

D.findouthowthesubjectsdealwithgroup/socialpressure

51.

Whatdoestheauthormeanby"betteroff"inParagraph3?

A.richerB.wiserC.happierD.luckier

52.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Twogroupsofscientistsdemonstratedlastweekforthefirsttimethatthebodylaunchesamassive,effectivecounter-attackonthevirussoonafterinfectionofHIVbegins.Ifdoctorscanfigureouthowtoreproducethatearly,powerfulimmuneresponse,theymightbeabletodevelopbettertreatmentsto(47)______stagesofthedisease.Theresearchersshouldbe(48)______—andmorethanabitofluck.Afterall,tostudysomeoneatthebeginningofarelatively(49)______phaseoftheHIVinfection,theyhadtofindpeoplewhodidnotyetrealizetheyhadcontractedthevirus.It(50)______thatatleastathirdofHIV-infectedpeopledevelopafeveroraseveresorethroatwithinafewweekstomonthsafterfirst(51)______.Suchsigns,whichusuallyclearupintheirown,caneasilybe(52)______asabadflu.InordertoidentifysevenyoungmensufferingfromaprimaryHIVinfection,theresearcherstookthisprojectby(53)______inhospitalemergencyroomsandtalkingtocolleagues.

Usingadvancedlaboratoryteststhathadbeendevelopedonlyinthepastfewyears,bothsetsofscientistsdiscoveredan(54)______growthofvirusinthemen'sbloodstreams.Eachliterofthemen'sbloodcontainedasmanyas10millioninfectiousviruses.

Withindaysafterthevirusburst,theresearchersmeasuredarapidincreaseinthebloodstreamofthenumberofanti-HIVantibodies(抗體).TheseY-shapedbitsofproteinsoughtoutthevirusandtargeteditfor(55)______.Oncetheantibodyattackreachedfullscaleintheseventestsubjects,thelevelofHIVinthebloodstreamdropped(56)______.Inthemajorityofcases,theresearcherscoulddetectlittleornovirustwotothreeweekslater.Inotherwords,thenormalimmunesystemcanshutdowntheAIDSvirus.Nowresearchersmustfigureoutexactlyhowthebodyputst