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THEIDIOCYOFURBANLIFEHenryFairlie1Betweenabout3a.m.and6a.m.thelifeofthecityiscivil.Occasionallythelonefootstepsofsomeonewalkingtoorfromworkechoalongthesidewalk.Allworkthathastobedoneatthosehoursisuseful一inbakeries,forexample.Eventhenewspaperpressesstopturningforestsintolies.Nowandthenacarcomesoutofthesilenceandcruiseseasilythroughtheblinkingtrafficlights.Thenaturalinhabitantsofthecitycomeoutfromdampbasementsandcellars.Withtheirpinkearsandpaws,sleek,well-groomed,theirwhiskerscombed,ratsaretruecitydwellers.Urbanlife,duringthehourswhentheyreign,isurbane.?civil:adj.adj.1)(onlybeforenoun)connectedwithpeoplewholiveinacountry國民的;平民的e.g.civilunrest(=thatiscausedbygroupsofpeoplewithinacountry)民眾的騷亂(onlybeforenoun)connectedwiththestateratherthanwithreligionorwiththearmedforces 國家的,政府的(非宗教或軍事的)e.g.acivilmarriageceremony 非宗教儀式的結(jié)婚典禮(onlybeforenoun)involvingpersonallegalmattersandnotcriminallaw民事的(非刑事的)e.g.acivilcourt民事法庭politeinaformalwaybutpossiblynotfriendly有禮貌的;客氣的?lone:adj.(onlybeforenoun)1)withoutanypeopleorthings單獨的;獨自的;孤零零的 syn:solitarye.g.alonesailorcrossingtheAtlantic獨自橫渡大西洋的人(especiallyBrE)withoutahusband,wifeorpartnertosharethecareofchildren單親的syn:singlee.g.alonemother/parent/father 單親母親/父親Idioms:alonewolf:apersonwhopreferstobealone好獨處的人;喜歡單干的人?echo:v.1)ifasoundechoes,itisreflectedoffawall,thesideofamountain,etc.sothatyoucanhearitagain回響;回蕩syn:reverberatee.g.Herfootstepsechoedintheemptyroom.她的腳步聲在空蕩蕩的屋子里回響著。Thegunshotechoedthroughtheforest.槍炮聲在林中回蕩。2)~(to/withsth)/~sth(back)tosendbackandrepeatasound;tobefullofasound發(fā)出回聲;產(chǎn)生回響;充滿回聲 syn:reververatee.g.Thewholehouseechoed.整個房子充滿回聲。Thestreetechoedwiththecriesofchildren.街上回蕩著孩子的哭聲。Thevalleyechoedbackhisvoice.山谷里回蕩著他的聲音。1)torepeatanideaoropinionbecauseyouagreewithit重復(fù),附和(想法或看法)e.g.Thisisaviewechoedbymanyontherightoftheparty.這是黨內(nèi)許多右翼分子都重復(fù)過的觀點。torepeatwhatsbelsehasjustsaid,especiallybecauseyoufinditsurprising(尤因感到意外而)重復(fù)…話,模仿e.g.“He’sgone!”Vivechoed.“他去了!”維夫重復(fù)道。?cruise:n.1)ajourneybysea,visitingdifferentplaces,especiallyasaholiday/vacation乘船游覽;航行e.g.I’dlovetogoonaround-the-worldcruise.我很想乘船周游世界。aluxurycruiseship豪華游輪v.1)totravelinashiporboatvisitingdifferentplaces,especiallyasaholiday/vacatione.g.TheycruiseddowntheNile. 他們沿尼羅河而下乘船游覽。WespenttwoweekscruisingtheBahamas.我們花了兩個星期乘船游覽巴哈馬群島。(ofacar,plane,etc.)totravelatasteadyspeed以平穩(wěn)的速度行駛e.g.alightaircraftcruisingat4000feet一架在4000英尺高度巡航的輕型飛機(jī)acruisingspeedof50milesanhour每小時50英里平穩(wěn)行駛的速度(ofacar,etc.oritsdriver)todrivealongslowly,especiallywhenyouarelookingatorforsth(尤指查看或?qū)ふ視r)慢速行駛,巡行e.g.Shecruisedaroundtheblocklookingforaparkingspace.她繞著那個街區(qū)慢慢行駛,想找個停車的地方。Taxiscruisedthestreets,lookingforfares.出租汽車緩慢行駛在街上招攬顧客。towinorachievestheasily輕而易舉贏得(或獲得);輕取e.g.Thehometeamcruisedtovictory.主隊輕松取勝。5)(slang)togoaroundinpublicplaceslookingforasexualpartner(在公共場合)尋覓性伙伴,獵艷?sleek:adj.1)(approving)smoothandshiny 光滑的;光亮的syn:glossye.g.sleekblackhair烏黑油亮的頭發(fā)thesleekdarkheadofaseal 黑乎乎、油光光的海豹腦袋(approving)havinganelegantsmoothshape 線條流暢的;造型優(yōu)美的e.g.asleekyacht 造型優(yōu)美的游艇thesleeklinesofthenewcar 新車流暢的線條(oftendisapproving)(ofaperson)lookingrich,anddressedinelegantandexpensiveclothes闊氣的;衣冠楚楚的;時髦的e.g.asleekandambitiouspolitician 衣冠楚楚、野心勃勃的政客well-groomed:adj.awell-groomedpersonisveryneatandclean,andlooksasiftheyhavetakencareovertheirappearance衣冠楚楚的whisker:n.1)(C)anyoflongstiffhairsthatgrownearthemouthofacat,mouse,etc.(貓、鼠等的)須whiskers(pl.)(old-fashionedorhumorous)thehairgrowingonaman’sface,especiallyonhischeeksandchin 絡(luò)腮胡子;連鬢胡子?reign:n.1)theperiodduringwhichaking,queen,emperor,etc.rules君主統(tǒng)治時期e.g.in/duringthereignofCharlesII在查理二世統(tǒng)治期間theperiodduringwhichsbisinchargeofanorganization,ateam,etc.任期;當(dāng)政期v.1)~(oversb/sth)toruleasking,queen,emperor,etc.統(tǒng)治;當(dāng)政;為王;為君e.g.thereigningmonarch當(dāng)政的君主QueenVictoriareignedfrom1837to1901.維多利亞女王自1837年至1901年在位。HerodreignedoverPalestineatthattime. 那時,希律王統(tǒng)治巴勒斯坦。~(oversb/sth)tobethebestormostimportantinaparticularsituationorareaofskill成為最佳;成為最重要的e.g.thereigningchampion 冠軍稱號的保持者Inthefieldofclassicalmusic,hestillreignssupreme.在古典音樂領(lǐng)域,他仍然是最為杰出的。(literary)(ofanidea,afeelingoranatmosphere)tobethemostobviousfeatureofaplaceormoment盛行;成為最顯著的e.g.Atlastsilencereigned(=therewascompletesilence). 最后,萬籟俱靜。?urbane:adj.(especiallyofaman)goodatknowingwhattosayandhowtobehaveinsocialsituations;appearingrelaxedandconfident溫文儒雅的;練達(dá)的;從容不迫的2Theseratsaresocialcreatures,asyoucantellifyoulookoutonthecitystreetduringaninsomniacnight.Butafter6a.m.,thetwo-legged,daytimecreaturesofthecitybegintostir;anditisthey,nottherats,whobringtheratrace.Youmightthinkthathumanbeingscongregateinlargecitiesbecausetheyaregregarious.Theoppositeistrue.Urbanlifetodayisaggressivelyindividualisticandatomized.Citiesarenotsocialplaces.insomniac:n.1)apersonwhofindsitdifficulttosleep失眠患者ratrace:n.(sing.)(disapproving)thewayoflifeofpeoplelivingandworkinginalargecitywherepeoplecompeteinanaggressivewaywitheachotherinordertobemoresuccessful,earnmoremoney,etc.(大城市里為財富、權(quán)力等的)瘋狂競爭,你死我活的競爭congregate:v.1)tocometogetherinagroup 群集;聚集;集合e.g.Youngpeopleoftencongregateinthemainsquareintheevenings.年輕人傍晚時經(jīng)常聚集在大廣場上。gregarious:adj.1)linkingtobewithotherpeople 交際的;合群的syn:sociable2)(biology)(ofanimalsorbirds)livingingroups群居的3Thelunacyofmoderncitylifeliesfirstinthefactthatmostcitydwellerstrytoliveoutsidethecityboundaries.Sothetwo-leggedcreatureshavecreatedsuburbs,exurbs,andfinallyrururbs(rubstosome).Disdainingrurallife,theytrytocreatesimulationsofit.Noeffortissparedtoletcitydwellersimaginetheyarelivinganywherebutinacity:patchesofgrassinthemoremodestsuburbs,broaderspreadsinthericheronesfurtherout;primnewtreesplantedalongthestreets;atthefootofthelargerbackyards,apretensetoboskywoodlands.?lunacy:n.(U)1)behaviorthatisstupidorcrazy愚蠢的行為;瘋狂syn:madnesse.g.It,ssheerlunacydrivinginsuchweather.天氣這樣糟糕還開車,真是瘋了。2)(old-fashioned)mentalillness 精神?。痪皴e亂;精神失常syn:madnessexurb:n.(N.Amer.)adistrictoutsideacity,especiallyaprosperousareabeyondthesuburbs(北美)城市遠(yuǎn)郊(尤指近郊以外的富裕地區(qū))rururb:(rural+urban)n.anareasharingruralandurbanwaysoflifedisdain:n.(U,sing.)1)~(forsb/sth)thefeelingthatsb/sthisnotgoodenoughtodeserveyourrespectorattention 鄙視;蔑視;鄙棄syn:contempte.g.totreatsbwithdisdain 鄙視某人adisdainforthelaw對法律的藐視v.(formal)1)tothinkthatsb/sthisnotgoodenoughtodeserveyourrespect鄙視;蔑視;鄙棄e.g.Shedisdainhisofferofhelp. 他提出要幫助,遭到她的鄙棄。torefusetodosthbecauseyouthinkthatyouaretooimportanttodoit不屑(做某事)e.g.Hedisdainedtoturntohissonforadvice.他不屑于向自己的兒子請教。?simulation:n.1)(C,U)asituationinwhichaparticularsetofconditionsiscreatedartificiallyinordertostudyorexperiencesththatcouldexistinreality 模擬;仿真e.g.acomputersimulationofhowtheplanetfunctions行星活動方式的計算機(jī)模擬asimulationmodel 仿真模型(U)theactofpretendingthatsthisrealwhenitisnot假裝;冒充e.g.thesimulationofgenuineconcern 假裝真誠關(guān)心?prim:adj.(disapproving)1)(ofaperson)alwaysbehavinginacarefulandformalway,andeasilyshockedbyanythingthatisrude一本正經(jīng)的;循規(guī)蹈矩的;古板的e.g.Youcarfttellherthatjoke-she,smuchtooprimandproper.你可別跟她講那個笑話,她這個人古板正經(jīng)的要命。formalandneat正式的;端莊的syn:demuree.g.aprimsuitwithahigh-neckedcollar 端莊的高領(lǐng)西服?pretense:(NAmE)=pretence:n.1)(U,sing.)?(ofsth/ofdoingsth)/~(that…)theactofbehavinginaparticularway,inordertomakeotherpeoplebelievesththatisnottrue假想;偽裝;虛偽的表現(xiàn)e.g.Theirfriendlinesswasonlypretence.他們的友善態(tài)度只不過是裝出來的。Bytheendoftheeveningshehadabandonedallpretenceofbeinginterested.到晚會結(jié)束時,她已將假裝的興趣拋得一干二凈。Hemadenopretenceofgreatmusicalknowledge.他未敢妄稱音樂知識豐富。Shewasunabletokeepupthepretencethatshelovedhim.她無法繼續(xù)假裝愛他了。2)(U,C,usuallysing.)?(tosth/todoingsth)(formal)(literary)aclaimthatyouhaveaparticularqualityorskill妄稱;自稱;標(biāo)榜e.g.awomanwithsomepretencetobeauty自詡有幾分姿色的女人Imakenopretencetobeinganexpertonthesubject.我不敢自詡為這方面的專家。?bosky:adj.coveredbytreesorbushes;wooded長滿灌木的;樹木叢生的;為樹木所掩蔽的e.g.aslow-movingrivermeanderingbetweenboskybanks小溪在綠樹成蔭的兩岸間緩慢流淌。4Theprofessionalpeoplebuysecondhomesinthecountryassoonastheycanaffordthem,andasearlyaspossibleonFridayheadoutofthecitytheyhavecreated.TheNewYorkintellectualsandartistsquaintlysaytheyare“goingtothecountry”fortheweekendorthesummer,butinfacttheyhavecreatedalittleManhattan-by-the-SeaaroundtheHamptons,spreadingovertheLongIsland6potatofieldswhoseearliersolitudewaspresumablythereasonwhytheyfirstwentthere.Citydwellerstakethecitywiththemtothecountry,fortheywillnotlivewithoutitspamperings.ThemainstreetsofAmerica,ssmalltowns,whichusedtohavehardwareanddrygoodsstores,arenowstripsofboutiques.Old-fashionedbarbersbecomeunisexhairdressingsalons.Thebrownratsstayinthecitiesbecauseofthefilththehumansleaveduringtheday.Theratscleanitupatnight.Soonthecountrysidewillbejustasnourishingtothem,asthecitydwellerstaketheirfilthwiththem.?intellectual:adj.1)(usuallybeforenoun)connectedwithorusingaperson,sabilitytothinkinalogicalwayandunderstandthingssyn:mental智力的;腦力的;理智的ellectualcuriosity求知欲anintellectualnovel 推理小說2)(ofaperson)welleducatedandenjoyingactivitiesinwhichyouhavetothinkseriouslyaboutthings 有才智的;智力發(fā)達(dá)的e.g.She,sveryintellectual.她很聰慧。n.1)apersonwhoiswelleducatedandenjoysactivitiesinwhichtheyhavetothinkseriouslyaboutthings知識分子;腦力勞動者quaint:adj.1)attractiveinanunusualorold-fashionedway新奇有趣的;古色古香的e.g.quaintoldcustoms 稀奇的古老習(xí)俗aquaintseasidevillage 古樸典雅的海濱村莊Hamptons:漢普頓斯(美國度假勝地)LongIsland:長島(美國紐約州東南部島嶼)solitude:n.1)(U)thestateofbeingalone,especiallywhenyoufindthispleasant獨處;獨居syn:privacye.g.Shelongedforpeaceandsolitude.她渴望安寧,渴望獨享清凈。pamper:v.1)(sometimesdisapproving)totakecareofsbverywellandmakethemfeelascomfortableaspossible細(xì)心照顧;精心護(hù)理;嬌慣;縱容syn:cossete.g.Pamperyourselfwithournewrangeofbeautytreatments.盡情享受一下我們的新系列美容服務(wù)吧。aspoiltandpamperedchild 一個嬌生慣養(yǎng)的孩子drygoods:n.(pl.)(BrE)typesoffoodthataresolidanddry,suchastea,coffeeandflour干貨2)(old-fashioned)(NAmE)clothandthingsthataremadeoutofcloth,suchasclothesandsheets紡織品(如衣服、被單等)e.g.adrygoodsstore紡織品商店boutique:n.1)asmallshop/storethatsellsfashionableclothesorexpensivegifts時裝店;精品店;禮品店unisex:adj.1)intendedfororusedbybothmenandwomen男女皆宜的;不分性別的e.g.aunisexhairsalon男女美發(fā)店unisexjeans 男女都能穿的牛仔褲filth:n.(U)1)anyverydirtyandunpleasantsubstance污物;污穢e.g.Thefloorwascoveredingreaseandfilth.地板上滿是油垢和污物。words,magazines,etc.thatareconnectedwithsexandthatareconsideredveryrudeandoffensive下流言辭;淫穢書刊e.g.Howcanyoureadsuchfilth?你怎么能看這種淫穢讀物?thefilth(U)(BrE,slang)anoffensivewordforthepolice(罵人話)警察;雷子5Workstillgivesmeaningtorurallife,thefamily,andchurches.Butinthecitytodayworkandhome,familyandchurch,areseparated.Whattheofficeworkersdoforalivingisnotpartoftheirhomelife.Atthesametimetheymaintainthepointlessfrenzyoftheirworkhoursintheirhoursoff.Theyrushfromtheofficetojog,tothegymortheYMCApool,toworkattheirplaywiththesamejoylessness.?maintain:v.1)tomakesthcontinueatthesamelevel,standard,etc.維持;保持syn:preservee.g.tomaintainlawandorder/standards/abalance維持治安;保持水平/平衡Thetwocountrieshavealwaysmaintainedcloserelations.這兩個國家一直保持著密切聯(lián)系。(formal)Shemaintainedadignifiedsilence.她一言不發(fā),以保持尊嚴(yán)。tomaintainprices(=topreventthemfallingorrising) 維持價格的穩(wěn)定tokeepabuilding,amachine,etc.ingoodconditionbycheckingorrepairingitregularly維持;保養(yǎng)e.g.Thehouseislargeanddifficulttomaintain.房子很大,難以養(yǎng)護(hù)。tokeepstatingthatsthistrue,eventhoughotherpeopledonotagreeordonotbelieveit堅持(意見);固執(zhí)己見syn:insiste.g.Themenmaintained(that)theywereoutofthecountrywhenthecrimewascommitted.這幾個男人堅持說案發(fā)時他們在國外。Shehasalwaysmaintainedherinnocence.她一直堅持說她是無辜的。tosupportsb/sthoveralongperiodoftimebygivingmoney,payingforfood,etc.供養(yǎng);撫養(yǎng)syn:keepe.g.Herincomewasbarelyenoughtomaintainonechild,letalonethree.她的收入養(yǎng)活一個孩子幾乎都不夠,更不用說三個了。frenzy:n.(C,usuallysing.,U)1)~(ofsth)astateofgreatactivityandstrongemotionthatisoftenviolentorfrighteningandnotundercontrol瘋狂;狂亂;狂暴e.g.inafrenzyofactivity/excitement/violence瘋狂的活動/興奮/暴力Thespeakerworkedthecrowdupintoafrenzy.演講者把聽眾的情緒煽動得瘋狂起來。anoutbreakofpatrioticfrenzy愛國狂熱的迸發(fā)akillingfrenzy 使人精疲力竭的瘋狂YMCA:YoungMeifsChristianAssociation 基督教青年會e.g.WestayedattheYMCA.Eventhoughtheofficesoftoday,sbusinessesinthecityarethemselvesmovingouttothesuburbs,thisdoesnotnecessarilybringtheworkersbackclosertotheirworkplace.Itmerelymeansthattotherush-hourtrafficintothecitythereisnowaddedarush-hourtrafficouttothesuburbsinthemorning,andbackaroundandacrossthecityintheevening.Asthefarmerwalksdowntohisfarminthemorning,thecitydwellerisdressingforthefirstidiocyofhisday,whichhenotonlyacceptsbutevenseeks一thejourneytowork.Inthemodernofficebuildinginthecitytherearewindowsthatdon,topen.Thisisperhapsthemostsymboliclunacyofall.Outdoorsissomethingyoucanlookatthroughglassbutnottotouchorhear.Thesewindowsareascandalbecausetheyendangerthelivesofofficeworkersincaseoffire.Butnolessgrievous,evenonthefairestspringorfalldaytheworkerscannotputtheirheadsoutside.Thusitisnotsurprisingthattheurbanworkerhasnoknowledgeoftheseasons.Heisawaresimplythatinsomemonthsthereisairconditioning,andinothersthroughthesameventscomefetidcentralheating.Evenoutsideathomeintheirsuburbsthecitydwellersmayknowthatsometimesit,shot,andsometimesit,scold,butnotruesenseoftherhythmsoftheseasonsistobehadfromalawninthebackyardandafewspindlytreesstrugglingtosurvive.?scandal:n.1)(C,U)behaviororaneventthatpeoplethinkismorallyorlegallywrongandcausespublicfeelingsofshockoranger丑行;使人震驚的丑事;丑聞e.g.aseriesofsexscandals 一系列性丑聞tocause/createascandal弓I發(fā)丑聞Thescandalbroke(=becameknowntothepublic)inMay.這樁丑聞是五月份曝光的。Therehasbeennohintofscandalduringhistimeinoffice.他在任期間沒有任何丑聞。(U)talkorreportsabouttheshockingorimmoralthingsthatpeoplehavedoneorarethoughttohavedone 關(guān)于丑行的傳言(或報道);丑聞e.g.tospreadscandal 散步丑聞newspapersfullofscandal充斥丑聞的報紙(sing.)?(that…)anaction,attitude,etc.thatyouthinkisshockingandnotatallacceptable可恥的行為(或態(tài)度等);不可原諒的行為(或態(tài)度等) syn:disgracee.g.Itisascandalthatsuchalargetownhasnoorchestra.這么大一座城市,竟然沒有一支管弦樂隊,真是說不過去。?vent:n.1)anopeningthatallowsair,gasorliquidtopassoutoforintoaroom,building,container,etc.(空氣、氣體、液體的)出口,進(jìn)口,漏孔e.g.air/heatingvents 通氣/熱風(fēng)孔(technical)theopeninginthebodyofabird,fish,reptileorothersmallanimal,throughwhichwastematterispassedout(鳥、魚等小動物的)肛門alongthinopeningatthebottomofthebackorsideofacoatorjacket(大衣等的)衩口,開衩,背杈Idioms:give(full)venttosth:(formal)toexpressafeeling,especiallyanger,strongly(充分)表達(dá);(淋漓盡致地)發(fā)泄e.g.Shegavefullventtoherfeelingsinaviolentoutburst.她大發(fā)脾氣以宣泄情緒。?fetid:adj.(BrElessfrequentfoetid)(usuallybeforenoun)(formal)smellingveryunpleasant 惡臭的syn:stinkingspindly:adj.1)(informal,oftendisapproving)verylongandthinandnotstrong長而纖弱的;細(xì)長而瘦弱的e.g.spindlylegs細(xì)長的腿8Thecitydwellerreelsfromunrealitytounrealitythrougheachday,alwaystryingtorecovertherurallifethathasbeensurrenderedforthecitylights.Nocitydweller,eveninthesuburbs,knowsthewonderofapitch-darkcountrylaneatnight.Nordoeshenaturallygetanyexercisefromhiswork.reel:v.1)(usually+adv./prep.)tomoveinaveryunsteadyway,forexamplebecauseyouaredrunkorhavebeenhit踉蹌;搖搖晃晃地挪動;蹣跚syn:staggere.g.Ipunchedhimonthechin,sendinghimreelingbackwards.我一拳擊中他的下巴,打得他向后打了個趣趄。~(at/from/withsth)tofeelveryshockedorupsetaboutsth感到震驚;感覺心煩意亂e.g.Iwasstillreelingfromtheshock.我嚇得依然昏頭轉(zhuǎn)向。toseemtobespinningaroundandaround似乎在不停旋轉(zhuǎn);仿佛天旋地轉(zhuǎn)e.g.Whenheopenedhiseyes,theroomwasreeling.他睜開眼睛時,房間似乎在不停地旋轉(zhuǎn)。Phrasalverbs:reelsthin/out:towindsthon/offareel往卷軸上繞起;從卷軸上放開e.g.Islowlyreeledthefishin.我慢慢地收卷魚線,將魚拉過來。reelsthoff:tosayorrepeatsthquicklywithouthavingtostoporthinkaboutit一口氣說出;滔滔不絕地講(或重復(fù))e.g.Sheimmediatelyreeledoffseveralnames.她立即一口氣說出了好幾個名字。9EveryEuropeanpointsoutthatAmericansarethemostround-shoulderedpeopleintheworld.Fewofthemcarrythemselveswithanuprightstance,althoughacorrectstanceisthefirstpreconditionoflettingyourlungsbreathenaturallyanddeeply.Electrictypewriterscutdowntheamountofphysicalexertionneededtohitthekeys;thebuttonsofawordprocessorneedevenlesseffort,asyoucantellfromthepostureofthosewhousethem.TheyrushouttojogorotherwiseFonda-izetheirleisuretotrytorepairthedamagedoneduringtheday.?exertion:n.1)(U)(alsoexertions(pl.))physicalormentaleffort;theactofmakinganeffort努力;盡力;費力e.g.Shewashotandbreathlessfromtheexertionofcyclinguphill.她騎車上山累得全身發(fā)熱,喘不過氣來。Heneededtorelaxaftertheexertionofabusydayatwork.他忙碌工作了一天后需要休息。2)(sing.)theuseofpowertomakesthhappen行使;運用;施加e.g.theexertionofforce/strength/authority使用武力;使勁;行使權(quán)力?posture:(U,C)thepositioninwhichyouholdyourbodywhenstandingorsitting(坐立的)姿勢e.g.acomfortable/relaxedposture 舒適的/輕松的姿勢upright/sitting/supinepostures 直立的/坐著的/仰臥的姿勢Goodpostureisessentialwhenworkingatthecomputer用電腦工作時良好的姿勢極其重要。Backpainsca

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