2022-2023年寧夏回族自治區(qū)吳忠市大學英語6級大學英語六級

2022-2023年寧夏回族自治區(qū)吳忠市大學英語6級大學英語六級學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

TheEnglishareeasytogetalongwith.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

NationalNegroBusinessLeagueexistsfrom______.

3.

ChafingCrossRoadisveryfamousbecause______.

A.allkindsofbookstoresarealongthestreets

B.itliesrightinthecenterofLondon

C.theyhavethecheapestbooksinLondon

D.thebiggestbookstoreintheworldisthere

4.CreaturesoftheThermal(熱量的)Vents

Thethree-personsubmersibleAlvinsankthroughthecold,darkwatersofthePacificOceanformorethananhour,finallytouchingdownontheseafloormorethan8,000feetbelowthesurface.ItwasDecember1993,andthescientistsinsidethesubhadcometothisstretchoftheEastPacificRise,anunderwatermountainrangeabout500milessouthwestofAcapulco,Mexico,toinspectarecentlyformedhydrothermalvent--afissure(裂縫)intheoceanbottomthatleaksboiling,acidicwater.

Peeringoutthroughthesub'stinywindows,thevisitorswereastonishedtoseethicketsofgianttubeworms,somefourfeettall.Thetailendsofthewormswerefirmlyplantedontheoceanfloor,whileredplumesontheotherendsswayedlikeafieldofpoppies.Alvinhadbroughtresearchestothesamespotlessthantwoyearsearlier,whentheyhadseennoneofthesestrangecreatures.Previousmeasurementsshowedthatindividualtubewormscouldincreaseinlengthatarateof33inchesperyear,makingthemthefastest-growingmarineinvertebrates.Thatmeanstubewormscangrowmorerapidlythanscientistsoncethought.

Thegianttubewormisoneofthemosteye-catchingmembersofadiversecommunitythatformsaroundhydrothermalvents.Scientistsoncethoughtthatnolivingthingcouldsurvivetheharshcombinationoftoxicchemicals,hightemperatures,highpressures,andtotaldarknessatthesevents.Butin1977,researchersdivinginAlvindiscoveredtubewormsandotherstrangeorganismsthrivingataVentofftheGalapagosIslands.Similarcommunitieshavesincebeenfoundatseveralhundredhotsotsaroundtheworld.ThesecreaturesarelikenothingelseonEarth.

Ventsform.wheretheplanet'scrustalplatesareslowlyspreadingapartandmagmaiswellingupfrombelowtoform.mountainrangesknownasmid-oceanridges.Ascracksform.atthesespreadingcenters,seawaterseepsamileortwodownintothehotrock.Enrichedwithmineralsleachedfromtherock,thewaterheatsandrisestotheoceanfloortoform.avent.Ventsareusuallyclusteredinfields,underwaterversionsofYellowstone'sgeyserbasins.Individualventopeningstypicallyrangefromlessthanahalfinchtomorethansixfeetindiameter.Suchfieldsarenormallyfoundatadepthofmorethanamile.MosthavebeendiscoveredalongthecrestoftheMid-OceanicRidge,a46,000-mile-longchainofmountainsthatwrapsaroundEarthliketheseamsonabaseball.Afewventshavealsobeenfoundatseamounts,underwatervolcanoesthatarenotlocatedattheintersectionofcrustalplates.

Hydrothermalventsareunderwateroases(避風港),providinghabitatformanycreaturesthatarenotfoundanywhereelseintheocean.Waterpouringoutofventscanreachtemperaturesuptoabout400℃;thehighpressurekeepsthewaterfromboiling.However,theintenseheatislimitedtoasmallarea.Withinlessthananinchoftheventopening,thewatertemperaturedropsto2℃,theambienttemperatureofdeepseawater.Mostofthecreaturesthatassemblearoundventsliveattemperaturesjustabovefreezing.Thus,chemicalsarethekeytoventlife,notheat.Themostprevalentchemicaldissolvedinventwaterishydrogensulfide(硫化氫),whichsmellslikerotteneggs.Thischemicalisproducedwhenseawaterreactswithsulfate(硫酸鹽)intherocksbelowtheoceanfloor.Ventbacteriausehydrogensulfideastheirenergysourceinsteadofsunlight.Thebacteriainturnsustainlargeorganismsintheventcommunity.

Theclams,mussels,tubeworms,andothercreaturesattheventhaveasymbioticrelationship(共生關系)withbacteria.Thegianttubeworms,forexample,havenodigestivesystem--nomouthorgut.Thewormdependsvirtuallysolelyonthebacteriaforitsnutritionandbothpartnersbenefit.Thebrown,spongytissuefillingtheinsideofatube

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Despiteknowinglittleaboutwhatwashappening,theauthor'smotherishappierin______.

6.

Amosquitocangiveamessagetoanothermosquito150feetawayby_____.

7.

Inthetension-releasemethodofrelaxation,oneshouldtenseallhisorhermusclestogetherafter______.

8.IncomeTaxes

Wegenerallydon'tthinkmuchabouttaxesexceptduringtheannualtaxseason.It'sprobablythemostdreadedtimeoftheyearformillionsofAmericans,yetwecircleitonourcalendarsalongwithholidaysandbirthdays.ButlittlejoyisconnectedtoApril15,whichisthedeadlineforfilingtaxforms.

TheAmericantaxsystemisahugemachinewithataxcodethatseemsmorecomplexthanrocketscience.Inthisarticle,wewilltakealookatthehistoryofincometaxesintheUnitedStates,examinetheprocessofindividualincometaxation.

TaxesinEarlyAmerica

TaxeshavealwaysleftasourtasteinthemouthofAmericancitizens.ThisnationalhatredfortaxesdateshacktothetaxburdenplacedontheAmericancoloniesbyGreatBritain.Colonistsweretaxedforeveryconsumergood,fromteaandtobaccotolegaldocuments.This"taxationwithoutrepresentation"ledtomanyrevolts,suchastheBostonTeaParty,inwhichcolonistsdumpedteaintotheBostonHarborratherthanpaythetaxonit.

AlthoughtheAmericancolonistsfoughtforindependencefromBritishruleandBritishtaxes,oncetheUnitedStatesgovernmentformed,itsmainsourceofrevenuewasderivedfromplacingcustomsandexcisetaxesonthesameitemsthatweretaxedbyGreatBritain.In1812,inanefforttosupportanexpensivewareffort,theU.S.governmentimposedthefirstsalestax,whichwasplacedongold,silverware,jewelryandwatches.In1817,internaltaxeswereterminatedandthegovernmentreliedontariffstosupportitself.Itwasn'tuntil1862thattheUnitedStatesimposedthefirstnationalincometax.

TosupporttheUnionArmy,Congresspassedtaxlawsinboth1861and1862.TheofficeofCommissionerofInternalRevenuewasestablishedbytheTaxActof1862,whichstatedthatthecommissionerwouldhavethepowertolevyandcollecttaxes.Theofficewasalsogiventheauthoritytoseizepropertyandincomeinordertoenforcethetaxlaws.Thesepowersremainprettymuchthesametoday,althoughtheInternalRevenueService(IRS)willtellyouthatenforcementtacticshavebeentoneddownabit.

TheFirstIncomeTax

In1863,thefederalgovernmentcollectedthefirstincometax.Thisgraduatedtaxwassimilartotheincometaxwepaytoday.Thosewhoearned$600to$10,000peryearpaidatarateof3percent.Ahigherratewaspaidbythosewhoearnedinexcessof$10,000.Aflat-ratetaxwasimposedin1867.Fiveyearslater,in1872,thenationalincometaxwasrepealed(撤銷)altogether.

SpurnedonbythePopulistParty's1892campaign,CongresspassedtheIncomeTaxActof1894.Thisacttaxed2percentofpersonalincomethatwasmorethan$4,000,whichonlyaffectedwealthiestcitizens.Theincometaxwasshort-lived,astheU.S.SupremeCourtstruckitdownonlyayearafteritwasenacted.Thejusticeswrotethat,intheiropinion,theincometaxwasunconstitutionalbecause'itfailedtoabidebyaconstitutionalguideline.Thisguidelinerequiredthatanytaxlevieddirectlyonindividualsmustbeleviedinproportiontoastate'spopulation.

In1913,theincometaxbecameapermanentpartoftheU.S.government.Congressavoidedtheconstitutionalroadblockmentionedabovebypassingaconstitutionalamendment.The16thAmendmentreads,"TheCongressshallhavepowertolayandcollecttaxesonincomes,fromwhateversourcederived,withoutapportionmentamongtheseveralstates,andwithoutregardtoanycensusorenumeration(列舉)."The16thAmendmentgavethegovernmentthepowertolevytaxesonindividualsregardlessofstatepopulation.TheUnderwoodTariffActof1913includedanincome-taxsectionthatinitiatedthesystemweusetoday.DuringWorldWarII,thefederalgovernmentbeganwithholdingtaxes,alsoknownasthepay-as-youearntaxationsystem.Thisgavethegovern

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Whatcausespeopletodislikerunning?

A.Becausetheyfindrunningnotveryinteresting.

B.Becausetheygetbreathlesstotalk.

C.Becausetheyhavetowarmdownattileend.

D.Becausetheyhavetoincreasegradually.

10.

AChineseshouldpay______ifhewantstosubscribethemagazineforayear.

11.

Inapaperlessoffice,recordsmightbe______withoutatrailbeingleft.

12.

Inmanycases,theinternallydisplacedarevirtuallythosewhoare______.

13.

Theearlyelectriccarsgraduallydisappearedbecauseof______.

A.gasoline-poweredcars.

B.technologicalrestrictions.

C.lackinggovernment'ssupport.

D.noprofitsandunfeasibility.

14.

CryosatshouldhelpfigureoutwhatishappeningattheWestAntarcticfringebecauseitsradaraltimetersshouldbeableto______.

15.

Controllingairpollutionisanothercrucialobjective;______devicescanreducetheharmfulgasesemittedfromtheengine.

16.

Euroisthesecondlargestcurrencyintheworldtoday.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Asasmartphone,Treo600hasGPSantennasandaccesstolocalWi-Fihotspots.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

Sophisticated______techniqueshavebeenalreadyemployedtocalculatehowintermarriageischangingthefaceoftheUnitedStates.

19.

Accordingtoexperts,peoplewhoareunderthemost______inclinetoputonmostweight.

20.

Mengenerallyseetheworldasacompetitiveplacewhileontheotherhandwomenoftenviewthemselvesprimarilyinconnectingwithotherpeople.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(22)

A.Herpriorschooling.

B.Herresidence.

C.Herage.

D.Herdrivingrecord

22.(44)

23.(36)

A.Lookathis.

B.Susandoesn'tknow.

C.Idon'tknow.

D.NeitherdoI.

24.(16)

A.Thestoriesprobablyweren'ttrue.

B.Tomdoesn'tusuallytellfunnystories.

C.She'ssurprisedTomwassoseriouslastnight.

D.ShewantstoknowwhereTomheardthestories.

25.

【B5】

26.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：W:I'mnotswimminginthelakeunlessitwarmsupoutsidetoday.

M:Meneither.Ithinkit'ssupposedtostayascoldallday.

Q:Whatcanbeinferredaboutthespeakers?

(12)

A.Theydon'tenjoyswimming.

B.Theywon'tgoswimminginthelaketoday.

C.Theydon'tknowhowtoswim.

D.They'llswiminthelaketomorrow.

27.(21)

A.Interviews.

B.Televisionads.

C.Playingwithchildren.

D.Speeches.

28.聽力原文：M:IamjustwritingMaryaboutourvacation.Whydon'tyouenclosethispictureofusinfrontoftheGrandCanyon?

W:Don'tyouthinkit'salittleoutoffocus?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(13)

A.Thephotographisnotgoodenoughtosend.

B.ThephotographwasnottakenattheGrandCanyon.

C.TheyalreadysentMaryaphotographoftheirvacation.

D.Sendingpicturesthroughthemailistooexpensive.

29.

【B10】

30.聽力原文：W:Ihavebeenwaitinghereforalmosthalfanhour.Whydidyoutakesolongtoparkthecar?

M:I'msorry,dear.IhaddriventwoblocksbeforeIfoundaplacetopark.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromthisconversation?

(19)

A.Themancouldn'tfindaparkinglot.

B.It'shardtofindaplacetoleavethecar.

C.Thewomanwasupsetduetohislatearrival.

D.Themanapologizedbecauseofhisnegligence.

31.聽力原文：M:Hi,Maggie!Haven'tseenyouforlong!Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?

W:I'vebeentoHongKongforafewdays.

M:Oh,haveyoubeenthereonbusiness?

W:No.ActuallyI'vebeenthereforabreakwithmyboyfriend.

M:Really?Iguessyoumusthavehadawonderfultime.Wheredidyougo?

W:Yes,indeed.HongKongissuchalovelycity,andithasgotsomuchtoseeanddo.Wegotupearlyandwenttobedlate,itwasrathertiring.WewenttoOceanPark.Itwassomuchfun!Wesawalotofsharksanddolphins;theywereverycutewhentheyweregivingperformances.Besides,thetropicalfishesarejustfantastic.I'veevendecidedtokeepsomefishatmyplace.

M:Soundsinteresting.HaveyoubeentothePeak?

W:Yes,ofcourse.Wetookthecablecarthere,andweenjoyedasuperbviewofthewholeHongKong,includingthefamousBankofChinaBuilding.AndwealsowenttoLantauIsland,tovisitthehugestatueofBuddha.

M:Didyoutakeanyphotos?

W:Yes.Infact,wetookthevideocamerawithus.Wouldyouliketocomeoversomedayandwatchthetapes?

M:Thatwouldbegreat!DoyoubelieveinBuddhism?

W:Oh,no!Ijustappreciatethesculptureandlistentothestoriesaboutit.I'dliketotellyouthestories,butI'mafraidI'dbettergohomenowotherwiseIwon'tcatchthelastbus.I'msorry.

M:NeverMind.I'dbetterleave,too.Seeyoutomorrow.

(23)

A.Onbusiness.

B.Onholiday.

C.Visitingfriends.

D.Takingpictures.

32.(19)

A.Hewasfuriouswithhisboss.

B.Hewasalwayslatetowork.

C.Hisdaughterwassickandthatmadehimlateforwork.

D.Hepreparedafinancialreportincorrectly.

33.(31)

A.Withthehelpofpeoplefromcolonies.

B.OwingtoactivelyinvadingtheSpanishNavy.

C.DuetotheweatherinfavorofEnglishships.

D.BecauseofthehugenessoftheSpanishNavy.

34.聽力原文：SomethingstrangehappenseveryyearfromAugust6to15ontheWestFaroniaIslandinGreece:thousandsofsnakescrawloutofthecliffsandcavestogatherunderthepictureoftheVirgininlocalchurch.Severaldayslater,thesesnakesleavethepictureonebyone.

Thishaslastedforseveralhundredsofyears.Strangerstill,thesesnakeshadcross-shapedpatternsontheirheads.TheycrawlhereandthereunderthepictureoftheVirgin,neverhurtinganyone.Theyevenletpeopletouchthem.

Thereisabeautifullegendtothesesnakes.Severalhundredyearsago,therelived24nunsintheVirginconventonFaroniaIsland.Oneday.agroupofpiratescameinvadingtheland.Theytiedthenunswithropesanddidinsulttothem.Unabletotoleratethehumiliation,thenunsallcommittedsuicide.Theyturnedinto24snakes,"Sacredsnakes".

TheyearlyvisitofthesesnakestotheVirginhappenstobeassociatedwiththelocalreligiousfestivalsheldduringthesedaysonthisisland.Thatiswhythesesnakesarerelatedtoreligion.Butwhythesesnakescomeoutonthesedaysinsteadofanyotherdays,andwhytheygatherunderthepictureoftheVirgin,hasremainedamystery.

(30)

A.Onthecliffsofanisland.

B.Intheeavesofanisland.

C.UndertheholypictureoftheVirgin.

D.IntheVirginconventofanisland.

35.聽力原文：M:Hey,Louise.Haveyouheardthatthecitycouncilhasfinallyvotedthefundstobuildpubliclibrariesforcommunities?

W:Itisabouttimetheydidit.Idon'tunderstandwhattookthemsolong.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(17)

A.Tobuildlibrariesforcommunitiesisofnoneedatall.

B.Itwouldtakelongtimetobuildpubliclibrariesforcommunities.

C.Buildinglibrariesaremeaningfulandshouldhavebeendoneearlier.

D.Thecitycouncilhasnofundstobuildlibrariesforcommunities.

36.聽力原文：Inwesternculturemusicisregardedasgoodbybirth,andsoundsthatarewelcomearesaidtobe"musictotheears".Insomeotherculturesforexample,Islamicculture--itisoflowvalue,associatedwithsinandevil.IntheWestandinthehighculturesAsia,itissaidthattherearethreetypesofmusic.First,classicalmusic,composedandperformedbytrainedprofessionalsoriginallyunderthesupportofcourtsandreligiousestablishments;second,folkmusic,sharedbythepopulationatlargeandpassedonorally;andthird,popularmusic,performedbyprofessionals,spreadthroughradio,television,records,films,andprint,andconsumedbytheurbanmasspublic.

tuniversaluseofmusicisasapartofreligiousritual.Anotherlessobviousfunctionofmusicissocialadherence.Musicalsosymbolizesmilitary,patrioticandfuneralmoodsandevents.Inamoregeneralsense,musicmayexpressthecentralsocialvaluesofasociety.Inwesternmusic,theinterrelationshipofconductorandorchestrasymbolizestheneedforstrongcooperationamongvariouskindsofspecialistsinamodernindustrialsociety.

(30)

A.InAsianculture.

B.InIslamicculture.

C.Inwesternculture.

D.Inancientculture.

37.聽力原文：Ozoneisaform.ofoxygen.Itisfoundintheairwebreatheandintheupperatmosphere.NearEarth,ozoneii1theairisadangertolifebecauseitisapollutant.(33)Butbetweentenandfiftykilometersupintheatmosphere,ozoneprotectslifeonEarth.Ozoneformsintheatmospherethroughtheactionofradiationfromthesun.OzoneblocksharmfulradiationfromreachingEarth.Scientistssayadecreaseinozoneandanincreaseintheharmfulradiationwillcausemanymorecasesofskincancer.Anditwillharmcrops,animalsandfish.

(34)Ozoneproblemsfirstbecameknownin1985.BritishscientistsreportedthatozonelevelsintheAntarcticatmosphereneartheSouthPolefellsharplyeachyearinOctoberandNovember.1987wasthefirstyearthatahugeholedevelopedintheozonelayerabovetheAntarctic.

(35)ArecentstudyoftheatmosphereovertheArcticareaneartheNorthPoleshowedextremethinningoftheozone.OfficialsfromtheAmericanspaceagencysaidthelateststudyisaresultofthelargestcampaignyettomeasureozoneamountsandchangesintheArcticarea.NASAresearcherPaulNewmansaidsomeofthemeasurementsshowozoneintheArcticdecreasedabout60%betweenJanuaryandthemiddleofMarch.Thesemeasurementsaresimilartotheozonelossesobservedinthisareaafewyearsago.(35)Otherstudieshaveshownthatman-madechemicalsweredestroyingozoneintheatmosphere.Aninternationalagreementhaltedproductionofthemostharmfulchemicals.(35)Thenewfindingssupporttheideathatrecoveryoftheozonelayercannotbedelayed.

(30)

A.Intheloweratmosphere.

B.Intheupperatmosphere.

C.OntheEarth.

D.NeartheEarth.

38.聽力原文：M:Areyouenjoyingyourstayhereontheislands?

W:Oh,yes.It'safarcryfromthewinterintheNorth.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(14)

A.TheislandsareverydifferentfromtheNorth.

B.TheislandsareagreatdistancefromtheNorth.

C.TheislandsaresimilartotheNorth.

D.TheislandsmakehercryfortheNorth.

39.聽力原文：Today,airtravelisfarsaferthandrivingacaronabusymotorway.Butthereisthedangerthatgrowseveryyear.Fromthemomenttheairplanetakesofftothemomentitlands,everymomentiswatchedonradarscreens.Airtrafficcontrollerstellthepilotexactlywhentoturn,whentoclimbandwhentocomedown.Thetrafficcontrollersaroundthebusyairportmayhandle1,000planesaday.Anyplanethatfliesneartheairportcomesundertheordersofthecontrollersthere.Everysmallmistakeontheirpartcouldcauseadisaster.Recently,suchadisasteralmosthappened.Twolargejetswereflyingtowardstheairport.Onewascarrying69passengersandhadcomefrom.Toronto,theotherwascarrying176passengersfromChicago.Anairtrafficcontrollernoticedonhisradarscreenthatthetwoplanesweretooclosetoeachother.Heorderedonetoturntotherighttoclimb,buthemadeamistake.Heorderedthewrongplanetodothis.So,insteadofturningawayfromthesecondplane,thefirstplaneturnedtowardsit.15secondslater,itflewdirectlyinfrontofthesecondplane.Theyavoidedeachotherbyasecond.Thedistancebetweenthemwaslessthanthatofalargeswimmingpool.Thisisanexampleofthedangerthatgrowseveryyear.

(30)

A.Badweather.

B.Thelargesizeofairplanes.

C.Mistakesbyairtrafficcontrollers.

D.Crowdedairtraffic.

40.(35)

A.Theyhavetobreakintothecar.

B.Fivepercentofthecarsareleftunlocked.

C.Theysometimesfindcarkeysintheignitionandsimplygetin.

D.Theyknockoutthedriverandgetthecaraway.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.WhatsuggestiondidChristineBlowergiveinordertorelieveteachers'stress?

A.Stopassessingteachersbytestscores.

B.Cuttheunnecessaryofficialprocedures.

C.Makethegovernmentaltargetsachievable.

D.Providepsychologicalcounseling.

42.

TheauthormayagreethattheSelbycrash______.

A.triggeredthedevelopmentoftheawakesystem

B.happenedbecausethetraindriverdriftedoffatthewheel

C.highlightedtheadvantagesofinstallingtheawakesystem

D.causedresearchers'concernaboutthepracticalityoftheawakesystem

43.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Byeducation,Imeantheinfluenceoftheenvironmentupontheindividualtoproduceapermanentchangeinthehabitsofbehavior,ofthoughtandofattitude.Itisinbeingthussusceptibletotheenvironmentthatmandiffersfromtheanimals,andthehigheranimalsfromthelower.Theloweranimalsareinfluencedbytheenvironmentbutnotinthedirectionofchangingtheirhabits.Theirinstinctiveresponsesarefewandfixedbyheredity.Whentransferredtoanunnaturalsituation,suchananimalisledastraybyitsinstincts.Thustheant-lionwhoseinstinctimpliesittoboreintoloosesandbypushingbackwardswithabdomen,goesbackwardsonaplateofglassassoonasdangerthreatens,andendeavors,withtheutmostexertionstoboreintoit.Itknowsnoothermodeofflightorifsuchalonelyanimalisengageduponachainofactionsandisinterruptediteithergoesonvainlywiththeremainingactions(asuselessascultivatinganunsownfield)ordiesinhelplessinactivity.Thusanet-makingspiderwhichdigsaburrowandrimsitwithabastionofgravelandbitsofwood,whenremovedfromahalffinishedhome,willnotbeginagain,thoughitwillcontinueanotherburrow,evenonemadewithapencil.

Advanceinthescaleofevolutionalongsuchlinesasthesecouldonlybemadebytheemergenceofcreatureswithmoreandmorecomplicatedinstincts.Suchbeingsweknowintheantsandspiders.Butanotherlineofadvancewasdestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibilityofwhichwedonotseetheendperhapseveninman.Habits,insteadofbeingbornready-made(whentheyarecalledinstinctsandnothabitsatall)wereleftmoreandmoretotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment,ofwhichthemostimportantfactorwastheparentwhonowcaredfortheyounganimalduringaperiodofinfancyinwhichvaguerinstinctsthanthoseoftheinsectsweremoldedtosuitsurroundingswhichmightbeconsiderablychangedwithoutharm.

Thismeans,onemightatfirstimagine,thatgraduallyhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.Butthisishardlythetruthandcertainlynotthewholetruth.Foralthoughfixedautomaticresponseslikethoseoftheinsect-likecreaturesarenolongerinherited,althoughselectionforpurificationofthatsortisnolongergoingon,yetselectionforeducabilityisverydefinitelystillofimportance.Theabilitytoacquirehabitscanconceivablyinheritjustasmuchascandefiniteresponsestonarrowsituations.Besides,sinceamechanism-isnow,forthefirsttime,createdbywhichtheindividual(incontradictiontothespecies)canbefittedtotheenvironment,thelatterbecomes,inanothersense,lessnotmoreimportant.Andfinally,lessnotthehigheranimalsthatpossessthepowerofchangingtheirenvironmentbyengineeringfeatsandthelike,apowerpossessedtosomeextentevenbythebeaver,andpreeminentlybyman.Environmentandheredityareinnocaseexclusivebutalwayssupplementaryfactors.

Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.TheEvolutionofInsects

B.EnvironmentandHeredity

C.Education:TheInfluenceoftheEnvironment

D.TheInstinctsofAnimals

44.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Someadultscan'ttellfightfromwrong.

B.Censorshipiscomparedtothelawbecausebothofthemperform.goodservicetosocietyasawhole.

C.Censorspayattentiononlytogenuineworksofart.

D.Censorshipisnecessarybecausemanybooks,playsandfilmsarefarfrombeing"worksofart".

45.

InPara.4,theword"Rusken"mostprobablymeans______.

A.atrafficpolicewhodirectsthetraffic

B.abadexampletogiveacaution

C.onepersonwhobreaksthetrafficregulations

D.thedriverlovedbythepassengers

46.

Whatdoestheword"outlay"inthelastsentencemean?

A.Lessprofit.

B.Moneyspentforapurpose.

C.Moreprofit

D.Noprofit.

47.

【C10】

48.

Whatcanwelearnabout"Googleprofile"fromPara.3?

A.Itaimsatmakingpeoplehavemoreskillstocontrolthesearchresults.

B.Userscanaddtheirpersonalinformationtoit.

C.Theusers'names,jobs,positionsandphotoscanbefoundinit.

D.GoogleprofileisasubstituteforFacebookpage.

49.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Sleepisafunnything.We'retaughtthatweshouldgetsevenoreighthoursanight,butalotofusgetbyjustfineonless,andsomeofusactuallysleeptoomuch.AstudyoutoftheUniversityofBuffalolastmonthreportedthatpeoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke--probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozing(睡)soundly.

Doctorshavetheirownspecialsleepproblems.Residents(住院醫(yī)生)arefamouslysleepdeprived.WhenIwastrainingtobecomeaneurosurgeon,itwasnotunusualtowork40hoursinarowwithoutrest.Mostofustookitinstride,confidentwecouldstilldeliverthehighestqualityofmedicalcare.Maybeweshouldn'thavekeensosureofourselves.AnarticleintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationpointso