【課件】Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures 課件人教版（2019）選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

Unit3LearningAboutLanguageDiscoverusefulstructuresDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech1.Tolearnaboutthedifferencesbetweendirectspeechandindirectspeech2.Tounderstandthefunctionofdirectspeechandindirectspeech3.Tolearnhowtochangeasentencefromdirectspeechtoindirectspeech.Learningaims:學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1.Whatisdirectspeechandindirectspeech?2.What’rethedifferencesbetweendirectspeechandindirectspeech?3.Howtochangeasentencefromdirectspeechtoindirectspeech?QuestionLeading:問題導(dǎo)學(xué)Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.Theexpertsaid,“Fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechPresentation:點(diǎn)撥精講23Thereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange?”Thereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechThereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction?”Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.DirectSpeechIndirectSpeech“Let’sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.直接引語和間接引語1.基本概念（1）直接引語：直接引述別人的話，把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，叫直接引語。（2）間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語。【點(diǎn)撥】直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等一般均要作相應(yīng)的變化。1.時(shí)態(tài)變化

如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要做相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)

一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)e.g.“Idon’tknowthat,”

hesaid.Hesaidthathedidn’tknowthat.句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）Theteachersaid，“YouaredoingOK.”→Theteachersaidthat

doingOK.（2）Hesaid，“Ihavewrittenanovel.”→Hesaidthat

anovel.（3）Hesaid，“Shewillcomeheretohavealongholiday.”→Hesaidthat

gotheretohavealongholiday.（4）Theteachersaid，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”→Theteachersaidthatwherethere

awill，there

away.（5）Janesaid，“Mary，wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouonthebus?”→JaneaskedMarywhere

whenshemetheronthebus.wewerehehadwrittenshewould

isshewasgoing is

2.人稱變化一隨主、二隨賓、第三人稱不更新。一隨主：直接引語中第一人稱變?yōu)榕c主句的主語相一致的人稱。二隨賓：直接引語中第二人稱變?yōu)楹烷g接賓語（即聽話人）相一致的人稱。第三人稱不更新：直接引語中第三人稱變?yōu)殚g接賓語時(shí)，人稱不變。口訣說明直接引語間接引語三不變引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人稱變間引后與主句主語的人稱保持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主句賓語的人稱保持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人稱在變間引后人稱不變Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.DengTaosaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.一

隨

主二

隨

賓句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）“Iwillcomeandseeyouagainthisevening，Tom，”shesaid.→ShetoldTomthat

wouldgoandsee

againthatevening.（2）Hesaidtome，“Youarewrong.”→Hetoldmethat

waswrong.（3）“Areyouasoldier?”heasked.→Heaskedif/whether

wasasoldier.（4）Heasked，“Whereareyougoingtogetoff，John?”→HeaskedJohnwhere

wasgoingtogetoff.sheIhimIhe變化項(xiàng)目直接引語間接引語指示代詞thisthese時(shí)間狀語nowtoday,tonightthisweek/month…thatthosethenthatday,thatnightthatweek/month…3.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動(dòng)詞的變化。yesterdaytendays/weeks…agotomorrow/nextyear..

地點(diǎn)狀語here方向性動(dòng)詞comebringthedaybeforetendays…beforethenextday/year…theregotake注意：以上變化要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday,tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語不必改變；如果就在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必變?yōu)閠here。句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）“Iwillcomeandhelpyoutomorrow，John，”shesaid.→ShetoldJohnthatshewould

andhelpher________________.

（2）“I’llcomeandseeyouagainthisevening，Tim，”hesaid.→HetoldTimthathewouldgoandseehimagain

.（3）MrHarryasked，“John，haveyoupassedtheexamyesterday?”→MrHarryaskedJohnwhetherhehadpassedtheexam_________.（4）Theoldmansaid，“Iliketotalkwiththeseyoungmen.”→Theoldmansaidthathelikedtotalkwith

youngmen.（5）Shesaidtome，“Ilivedherefiveyearsago.”→Shetoldmeshehadlived

fiveyears

.thenextdaythateveningthedaybeforethosetherego

before4.語序變化直接引語如果是疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，要把疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。一般疑問句→由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主句謂語動(dòng)詞常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow等。egMotheraskedme,“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?”→Motheraskedmewhether/ifIhadfinished

myhomework.選擇疑問句→由whether...or引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。eg“AreyougoingtoBeijingorShanghaifortheholidays?”sheasked.

→SheaskedmewhetherIwas

goingto

BeijingorShanghaifortheholidays.反意疑問句→由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。eg“Youdon’tlikerockmusic,doyou?”hesaid.→Heaskedmewhether/ifIlikedrockmusic.特殊疑問句→由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。eg“Howmanysleepingpillshaveyoutaken?”askedthenurse.→ThenurseaskedmehowmanysleepingpillsIhad

taken.Theteacherasked,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”→TheteacheraskedmewhereIhadbeen.表示請(qǐng)求、勸告、建議等意義的疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語：suggest+doing或ask/advise+賓語+動(dòng)詞不定式。eg“Whataboutstartingearlytomorrowmorning?”Jacksaid.→Jacksuggestedstartingearlytomorrowmorning.“Whydon’tyoutaketherestofthedayoff?”askedmyassistant.→Myassistantadvisedmetotaketherestofthedayoff.祈使句→動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式。常見引述動(dòng)詞有tell,order,ask,warn。如果祈使句為否定式，則在不定式前加not。egHesaidtoAnn,“Tellmeyourproblem.”→HetoldAnntotellhimherproblem.“Becarefulwiththedog,boys,”shesaid.→Shewarnedtheboystobecarefulwiththedog.“Don’tworkinbed,Tom,”shesaid.→ShetoldTomnottoworkinbed.

注意：以下幾種情況時(shí)態(tài)不變①直接引語是客觀真理。

The

teacher

said

"The

earth

moves

around

the

sun

.”→

The

teacher

said

(that)

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun

earth.

③直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：LeiMiao

said

"I

was

born

on

December

11,

1999."

②直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。YangLong

said

“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme.”→YangLongsaidhe

wasdoingchoreswhenTomhadcometoseehim.→LeiMiaosaid

she

was

born

on

December

11,

1999.④直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

WenHui

said,

“I

get

up

at

six

every

morning?！?/p>

⑤如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有過去時(shí)的形式,時(shí)態(tài)不再變（例：could,

should,

would,

might）Thedoctorsaidtome,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

或已經(jīng)是過去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不再變。（例：ought

to，

had

better,

used

to）DangRan

saidtome.

"You

had

better

come

here

today."

→She

said

(that)she

gets

up

at

six

every

morning.→

DangRan

said

tome(that)

I

had

better

go

therethat

day.→ThedoctorsaidtomeIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”Summary:課堂小結(jié)性質(zhì)：時(shí)態(tài):人稱：引導(dǎo)詞:陳述句:用

that一般疑問句:用

if或whether特殊疑問句:用特殊疑問詞祈使句：

tellsb.todos.thasksb.todos.thordersb.todos.th間接引語在多數(shù)情況下是一個(gè)賓語從句一隨主,二隨賓,三不變主句為一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句相應(yīng)的變化句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）Hesaid，“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldme

he

hisbookinmyroom.（2）Shesaid，“DoyoulikewatchingtheadvertisementsonTV?”→Sheaskedme

I

watchingtheadvertisementsonTV.（3）“Wheredidyoufindtheadsforjobsabroad?”Billasked.→Billasked

theadsforjobsabroad.that

whether

whereIhadfoundlikedhadleftConsolidation當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)15句型轉(zhuǎn)換（4）“Whatareyoudoingnow?”Momasked.→Momasked

then.（5）Hesaid，“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.” →He

again

.（6）Hesaid，“Don’tmakesomuchnoise，boys.”→Hetoldtheboys

somuchnoise.whatIwasdoingaskedmetogothere

nottomake thenextdayHerearesomestatementsandquestionsbychildrenwhoattendedscientificlectures.Guesswhotheyweretalkingtoandthenchangeth