新標準大學英語綜合教程第二版UNIT8A篇練習答案課文翻譯

新標準大學英語綜合教程第二版UNIT8A篇練習答案課文翻譯第1頁/共121頁WarmingUp1.What’sthepresident’ssuggestionforgraduateswhowanttogetajob?2.Supposethejobmarketisveryweakwhenyougraduate,wouldyougoforhighereducationinordertorideoutthisrecession?(Open)ScriptWatchthemovieclipanddiscussthefollowingquestions:第2頁/共121頁WarmingUp1.What’sthepresident’ssuggestionforgraduateswhowanttogetajob?

havingtheincredibletalentsetthatnoteverybodyhas

gettingrealexperience

knowledgeispower,beingempoweredwiththeinformationthatwillservethembestandeducationwillalwayspayoffinalong-term第3頁/共121頁WarmingUpScriptA:Itisatoughtimerightnowforanyonetofindajob.It’sparticularlyhardforsomecollegegrads.Alotofpeopleareatleastworriedaboutwhatthey’regonnadointermsoffindingajobwhentheygraduate.Solet’sbringinEricYaverbaum,heispresidentofCollegeClickTV.comhere,uh,withsometipsforus.Thanksforbeinghere,Eric.B:Thanksforhavingme.A:Talktousabout,peoplethatarejustabouttograduatefromcollegeormaybetheyrecentlygraduated.Theyaretryingtogetajob.Tipsforthem.Whatdotheypossiblyhavetoofferemployersthatotherpeoplemightnotrightnow?第4頁/共121頁WarmingUpB:Well,youknow,one,it’sanewworld,andyougotthegenerationbornwithamouseintheirhandit’sgraduating.Andalotofpeoplewhowantthatgenerationworkingforthem,that’sanincredibletalentsetthatnoteverybodyhas.Um,twoisgetrealexperience,Imeanifyougetwhileyouareincollege,justgreat.Ifyoucan’tgetajob,getaninternship.Thereisabigdifferencebetweenthosewhohaveinternshipsandthosewhohaveexperienceandthosewhodon’t.AndIcantellyouasanemployeristhatwegetastackofresumesmorethaneverobviouslynow.第5頁/共121頁WarmingUpAndtheonesthatwepulloutaretheonesthathaveexperienceandthoseofpeoplewhodidinternships.A:

Youknowtherearealotofpeopleapplyingtograduateschoolrightnowforaprofessionaldegreeandgoingforhighereducation,hopingtorideoutthisrecessionandthisextremelyweakjobmarket.Sometipsforthemintermsofbeingabletoaffordhighereducationorpossiblyaskingteamingupwithemployers.Orsomeemployerswillpayforpartofadegreeifittiesinrightwiththe,withwhattheydoandifyou’regoingtoassurethemthatyouworkforthemforcertainmoney,isthatsoaround?第6頁/共121頁WarmingUpB:

Yea,it’sstillaround,butit'salotless.It’sjustlikeuniversities.Theyhavealotlesstogive.Corporationshavealotlesstogive,soinpartyouareonyourown.Butknowledgeispower.Youneedtobeempoweredwiththeinformationthatwillserveyoubestandyou’vegotto,thateducationwillalwayspayoffinalong-term.Timesaretough,Iknow,theywillnotalwaysbelikethis.We’rethebigbadUnitedStatesandwewillcomebackandyoureducationwillbeavaluetoyou.第7頁/共121頁A:Wewillleaveitthere,Eric.Thankyousomuchpeoplecanlearnmoreon...B:CollegeClickTV.com,youcanmake,youcanseea360degreeperspectiveofanycollegeyoumightwannalookat.A:Alright,therewego,thanksEric.B:Thankyou.WarmingUp第8頁/共121頁TextAreyoutherightpersonforthejob?第9頁/共121頁Areyoutherightpersonforthejob?1

Intheolddaysitwaseasy.Theyweregoingtobe

thebestthreeyearsofyourlife,andyouknewit.You

spentyourtimechattinglateintothenightwithnew-foundfriendsincoffeebarsandpubs,playingyourheartoutinthesquashcourtsandonthecricketfield,orstruttingacrossthestageasaleadinglightoftheuniversitydramaticsociety.Text第10頁/共121頁Whateveryourinterest,universitylifecateredforit.And,let’snotforget,youwouldusuallymanagetokeepupwiththeworktoo,bydoingtherequiredreadinganddashingofftheweek’sessayatthelastminute.Theonlythingyoudidn’tfindtimeforwasthinkingaboutwhatcameafterwards,attheendofthosethreeexcitingyears.Butyoudidn’tneedto,becausewhateveryourchosencareer,thecompanieswerealllininguptoofferyouajob.Text第11頁/共121頁

2

ThatwaswhatitwaslikeintheolddaysasastudentintheUK.Butthingshavechanged.ArecentstudyofBritain’smajormultinational

companiesrevealsthatevenwithagooddegreegraduatescannolongerwalkintothetopjobs.Todaytherearetwiceasmanyuniversitiesastherewerejust30yearsago,and40percentofyoungpeoplenowgoontohighereducation.Sowithnoshortage

ofgraduates,agooddegreehasbecomevitalinthesearchforajob.Competitionistough,andtoday’sstudentsarespendingmoretimethaneverpreparingforthosedreadedfinalexams,ordoinglow-paidpart-timejobstopayoffdebts.Text第12頁/共121頁3

Butthat’sjusttheproblem.Intheopinionofmanagersfrommorethan200Britishcompanies,studentsarespendingtoomuchtimestudying,orworryingaboutmakingendsmeet,insteadofjoiningclubsandacquiringbasicskillssuchasteamworkandmakingpresentations.Themanagersalsosaidthattheywerepreparedtoleavejobsunfilledratherthanappointgraduateswhodidn’thavethenecessaryskillstogetaheadintheglobalmarket.Text第13頁/共121頁4Butwhatcanbedoneabouttheproblem?The

solution,themanagersbelieve,istoincludesocialskillsindegreecourses;andsomeuniversitiesaretakingtheadvice.AttheUniversityofSouthampton,forexample,historystudentshavetodoa12-weekproject–frequently

relatedtothelocalcontext–workinginteamsofsix.Thisincludesmakingapresentation,writingagroupthesis,andcarryingoutapublicservice,whichmightinvolveteachingschoolchildrenormakingaradioprogrammeaboutthetopic.

Text第14頁/共121頁5

Therecanbenodoubtthatthissortofcooperativeapproachcanhelpmanystudentsdeveloppersonalskillswhichwillhelpimprovetheirprospectsintheirsearchforajob.Oneofthemostwell-knownpersonalitytestsusedbyemployers

wheninterviewingcandidates,theMyers-BriggsTypeIndicator(MBTI),putstheextrovert/introvert

dichotomyatthetopofthelistofpersonalitytraitsittriestoanalyze.Thereareno“rightanswers”insuchtests,butextroverts,itisassumed,aregoingtobemoresuitedtojobsinwhichtheyhavetoworkinteamsordealwithotherpeople.Text第15頁/共121頁

6

EquallyinterestingintheSouthamptonprojectistheconvictionthatstudentsshouldbeawareofthewidercommunity,andfindwaystomakecontributionstoit.Intoday'sshrinkingworld,studentsareincreasinglyawarethatauniversityisnotanivorytoweroflearning,cutofffromtherealproblemsoftheworld,butonthecontrary,canitselfbeanagentforchangeforabetterworld.Therearenumerouswaysinwhichstudentscanbevolunteers–before,during,oraftertheirdegreecourses.Withcoursesmakingheavydemandsonstudents’time,aswehaveseen,apopularoptionistotakeagapyearbeforeorafteruniversity.Text第16頁/共121頁7

Typically,volunteeringmightmeanhelpingthesickorelderly,entertaining

underprivileged

childrenonholidaycamps,teachinginaThirdWorldcountryor

perhapsworkingonagriculturalorenvironmentalprojects.8

Forstudentswhochoosetooffertheirtalentsinthisway,onesideeffectistogainawealthofexperiencetobeaddedtotheCV,whichwillnotgounnoticedbyfutureemployers.Butawordofwarningisinorder:Youshouldrememberwhatyourprioritiesare.AsShaneIrwin,whoworkedfortwoyearsinPapuaNewGuinea,putsit:“Volunteeringteachesyouvaluablecareerskills,butIdon’tthinkyoushouldbelookingtobolsteryourCVthroughvolunteering–themainreasonyoushouldgetinvolvedisbecauseyouwanttohelp.”Text■第17頁/共121頁Text你適合做這個工作嗎？1

過去，大學生活很輕松。那將是你一生中最美好的三年，你知道這一點的。你是這樣消磨時光的：在咖啡館和酒吧里與新結交的朋友聊到深夜，在壁球場和板球場上盡情地揮舞球拍，或是作為大學戲劇社的大腕在舞臺上昂首闊步。第18頁/共121頁Text不管你有什么愛好，大學生活都能為你創(chuàng)造條件。而且，別忘了，你的學習還總能跟得上，能完成指定的閱讀，并在最后一分鐘匆忙寫完那一周的文章。你唯一沒有時間考慮的是過完這激動人心的三年后要做什么。不過這個問題并不需要考慮，因為無論選擇什么職業(yè)，都有一大堆公司排著隊來聘用你。第19頁/共121頁Text2那是過去英國大學生校園生活的情形，現(xiàn)在情況已經(jīng)改變了。最近一項對英國各大跨國公司的研究表明，即使擁有一個不錯的學位，大學畢業(yè)生也不再可能輕而易舉就得到最好的工作了。今天的大學數(shù)量比30年前翻了一番，40%的年輕人接受高等教育。由于并不缺少大學畢業(yè)生，擁有一個不錯的學位對找工作就變得尤其重要了。競爭很激烈，結果是如今的大學生花了比任何時候都要多的時間來復習功課，為那些可怕的期末考試做準備，做報酬低的兼職以償還債務。第20頁/共121頁Text

3然而，這恰恰是問題之所在。英國兩百多家公司的經(jīng)理認為，學生花在學習或掙錢維持生計上的時間太多了。他們本應該去參加各種俱樂部，學習一些基本的技能，如團隊合作和現(xiàn)場演示。這些經(jīng)理還說，他們寧可讓職位空缺，也不愿意聘請那些缺乏必要技能、無法在國際市場上占領商機的畢業(yè)生。第21頁/共121頁Text4該怎么做才能解決這個問題呢？經(jīng)理們相信，解決的辦法就是在學位課程里增加社交能力的訓練。有的大學已經(jīng)開始這樣做了，例如南安普敦大學歷史系學生必須做一個為期十二周、六人一組協(xié)同工作的項目——通常與當?shù)氐纳钣嘘P。項目內容包括：做一次演示、寫一篇集體論文、做一項公眾服務——可以是給中、小學生講課，或做一期有關中、小學教學的廣播節(jié)目。第22頁/共121頁Text5毫無疑問，這種合作學習法能幫助許多學生培養(yǎng)有助于改善就業(yè)前景的個人技能。公司在面試應聘者時使用的最有名的人格測試之一是“邁爾斯－布里格斯性格分類法”（簡稱MBTI），這種分類法把外向/內向性格兩分法置于它所分析的人格特征列表之首。測試中沒有“正確答案”，但是一般認為：性格外向者更適合做團隊工作或與他人打交道的工作。第23頁/共121頁Text6南安普敦大學項目中同樣有趣的一個理念是：學生應該關注比校園更廣闊的社區(qū)，并設法為之做出自己的貢獻。在當今越來越小的世界里，學生們越來越清楚地意識到大學并不是與社會現(xiàn)實問題完全脫鉤的學術象牙塔。正相反，大學本身可以促使世界變得更加美好。在學學位課程之前、期間、之后，學生們都可以通過多種渠道成為志愿者。正如我們所知的那樣，大學課程需要學生花費大量的時間，一般人會選擇騰出上大學前或大學畢業(yè)后的一年時間作為實踐年。第24頁/共121頁Text7

通常，志愿者工作指幫助病人或老年人、在假日營里招待貧困兒童、在第三世界國家教書，或者做農(nóng)業(yè)或環(huán)境研究項目。8

對那些選擇在這些方面施展才能的學生而言，還有個意外的收獲：可以把他們獲取的豐富經(jīng)驗寫進個人履歷里，而未來的雇主是不會不注意到這些經(jīng)歷的。不過提醒一句：你應該記住自己的首要目的是什么。曾經(jīng)在巴布亞新幾內亞工作了兩年的謝恩·歐文指出：“志愿者的工作能教給你寶貴的職業(yè)技能，但我認為你不應該只想著通過志愿者工作來給自己的履歷表增添光彩——你做志愿工作的主要原因是你想幫助別人?！钡?5頁/共121頁strutleadinglightcatermultinationalrevealfrequentlythesiscooperativepersonalityemployerconvictioncommunityivorytowernumerousoptionshortagedreaddreadedunfilledsolutionindicatorextrovertintrovertdichotomyequallytypicallyentertainunderprivilegedagriculturalunnoticedWords&Phrases第26頁/共121頁play/work/singect.sb.’sheartoutcaterfordashoffthereislittle/nodoubtthatcutofflineuppayoffmake(both)endsmeetgetaheadcarryoutonthecontrarymakedemandsonWords&Phrasesbolster第27頁/共121頁UniversityofSouthampton南安普敦大學Myers-BriggsTypeIndicator邁爾斯–布里格斯性格分類法ShaneIrwin謝恩·歐文（人名）PapuaNewGuinea巴布亞新幾內亞Words&Phrases第28頁/共121頁strut

vi.

(~about/around)towalkinanespeciallyconfidentandproudway趾高氣揚地走e.g.1.Hestruttedupanddownbeforethemanager.他在經(jīng)理面前大搖大擺地走來走去。2.Thebosswasstruttingaboutinthemeetingroom.老板正在會議室里趾高氣揚地踱來踱去。3.Hestrutsaroundtownlikeheownstheplace.他在城里大搖大擺地晃蕩，好像那是他的地盤。Words&Phrases第29頁/共121頁leadinglightn.[C]averyimportantorrespectedpersoninagroup,organization,orareaofactivity

（團體、機構或活動領域中）很重要的人物，很受敬重的人物e.g.1.Sheistheleadinglightinthelocaldramaticsocietyandalwayshasthemainpartintheirplays.她是當?shù)貞騽〗绲闹匾宋?，而且在演出中她始終演主角。2.Mr.Smith,oncetheleadinglightinthetoyindustry,isinserioustrouble.一度曾是玩具企業(yè)領軍人物的史密斯先生如今麻煩重重。3.He’saleadinglightofthebusiness.他是那個行當?shù)闹匾宋?。Words&Phrases第30頁/共121頁cater

v.

1.toprovidefoodanddrinksatanevent（為…）提供飲食，承辦酒席e.g.Thesmallrestaurantcouldn’tcatersuchalargewedding.這個小飯館承辦不了這么大規(guī)模的婚宴。2.(~

to)toprovidepeoplewithsth.theywantorneed,especiallysth.unusualorspecial滿足；迎合，投合

e.g.Agoodfilmshouldcatertopublictaste.一部好電影應該迎合大眾的口味。Seealso:caterfor

Words&Phrases第31頁/共121頁multinational

1.a.amultinationalcompanyorbusinesshasoffices,shopsorfactoriesinseveralcountries

（公司或商行）跨國的e.g.1.Manymultinationalcompanieshavesubstantialoperationsinthisarea.許多跨國公司都在該地區(qū)從事相當規(guī)模的經(jīng)營。2.Duringthisperiod,manyUS-basedmultinationalfirmsbeganmovingproductionfacilitiesoverseas.在此期間，許多設在美國的跨國公司開始把生產(chǎn)設備遷往海外。Words&Phrases第32頁/共121頁2.n.[C]alargecompanythathasoffices,shops,orfactoriesinseveralcountries跨國公司e.g.SheisnowadirectorinaforeignmultinationaloperatingintheUK.她現(xiàn)在是一家在英國經(jīng)營的外國跨國公司的主管。3.a.involvingpeoplefrommanydifferentcountries,especiallysoldiers多國的e.g.TheUStroopswouldbepartofamultinationalforce.美軍將是多國部隊的一個組成部分。Words&Phrases第33頁/共121頁reveal

vt.

toletsth.becomeknown,forexampleasecretorinformationthatwaspreviouslynotknown揭示；揭露；透露e.g.1.Hecannotrevealhowmuchmoneyisinvolvedinthescheme.他不能透露該計劃投入了多少錢。2.Shehasrefusedtorevealthewhereaboutsofherdaughter.她不肯透露她女兒的行蹤。3.AsurveyoftheBritishdiethasrevealedthatagrowingnumberofpeopleareoverweight.對英國人飲食進行的一項調查顯示有越來越多的人超重。Words&Phrases第34頁/共121頁shortage

n.[C,U](~of)alackofsth.youneedorwant缺乏；短缺e.g.1.Howwilltheysolvetheproblemsoflandshortageinthecountryside?他們將如何解決鄉(xiāng)村土地短缺的問題？2.Thecompany’smainproblemistheshortageofskilledpersonnel.這家公司的主要問題是缺少有技術的人員。3.Therecentheavyrainshavehelpedtoeasethewatershortage.最近的幾場大雨有助于緩解缺水的情況。

Words&Phrases第35頁/共121頁dread

1.vt.to

feelveryworriedaboutsth.thatmighthappenorisgoingtohappen擔心；害怕e.g.1.Idreadtothinkwhatwillhappenifshefindsoutthetruth.我不敢去想她知道真相后會怎么樣。2.Shedreadsgoingtothedentist.她怕去看牙醫(yī)。3.Thelittleboydreadsgoingtobedinthedark.這個小孩不敢在黑暗中睡覺。

Words&Phrases第36頁/共121頁2.n.[sing,U]fearofsth.badthatmighthappenorisgoingtohappen害怕；畏懼e.g.1.TheJewslivedindreadofbeingcaught.這些猶太人生活在會遭到拘捕的恐懼之中。2.Hergreatestdreadwasthatshewouldloseherjob.她最害怕的就是失去工作。Wordfamily:dreaded

a.Words&Phrases第37頁/共121頁dreaded

a.

frighteningorworrying嚇人的；令人擔心的e.g.1.IhearthedreadedMissJonesisgoingtobeatthemeeting.我聽說令人生畏的瓊斯小姐也將出席那個會議。2.Asaphysicianwhotravelsquitealot,Ispendalotoftimeonplaneslisteningforthatdreaded“Isthereadoctoronboard?”announcement.(CET4-2005-12)作為一名經(jīng)常出行的內科醫(yī)生，我多次在飛機上聽到令人憂心的“本次航班上是否有醫(yī)生？”的廣播。Wordfamily:dread

v.&n.Words&Phrases第38頁/共121頁unfilled

a.

anunfilledjob,positionetc.isavailablebutnoonehasbeenfoundforityet

（工作、職位等）仍空缺的e.g.1.Westillhaveseveralunfilledplacesonthetour.我們旅行團還有幾個空余名額。

2.Isthepositionstillunfilled?

那個職位還空缺嗎？3.Thereareanumberofunfilledpostsinthisareaofnursing.在這種護理方面還有幾個空職。Antonym:filledWordfamily:fill

v.Words&Phrases第39頁/共121頁solution

n.[C]awaytosolveaproblemordealwithabadsituation解決方法e.g.1.Idonothaveasimplesolutiontothedrugproblem.我沒有解決毒品問題的簡單辦法。2.ThePresidentagreed,addingthathehopedforapeacefulsolution.總統(tǒng)表示贊同并補充說他希望和平解決。

Words&Phrases第40頁/共121頁frequently

ad.often經(jīng)常地；頻繁地e.g.1.Hisspeechwasfrequentlyinterruptedbystormyapplause.他的演說多次被暴風雨般的掌聲打斷。2.Manyofthesekillersarefrequentlytalkativeandsuperficiallycharming.這些殺手中，多數(shù)都能說會道、外表迷人。

Wordfamily:frequent

a.

frequence/frequency

n.

Words&Phrases第41頁/共121頁thesis

n.[C](pltheses)alongpieceofwritingthatisthefinalpartofanadvanceduniversitydegree

（學位）論文e.g.1.HewasawardedhisPhDforathesisonindustrialrobots.他憑一篇研究工業(yè)機器人的論文獲得博士學位。2.Theyallaccreditedhimwiththetrueauthorshipofthisthesis.他們都認為他是這篇論文的真正作者。Words&Phrases第42頁/共121頁cooperative

a.1.(onlybeforenoun)donebypeopleororganizationsworkingtogether合作的；協(xié)作的e.g.

1.Cooperativelearningisakindofnewteachingtheoryandstrategysystem.合作學習是一種新的教學理論和決策體系。2.ThePresidentsaidthevisitwoulddevelopfriendlyandcooperativerelationsbetweenthetwocountries.總統(tǒng)說這次訪問將會促進兩國之間的友好合作關系。Words&Phrases第43頁/共121頁2.cooperativepeoplearewillingtodowhatyouaskthem有合作意向的；樂意合作的e.g.1.Theworkmenareverycooperative,sotheworkgoesonsmoothly.工人們十分配合，

所以工作進展順利。2.Jamesisaveryhelpfulandcooperativelad.詹姆斯是個肯幫忙、好合作的小伙子。Wordfamily:cooperate

erationn.Words&Phrases第44頁/共121頁personality

n.[C,U]thepartofapersonthatmakesthembehaveinaparticularwayinsocialsituations,forexampleinafriendlyorunfriendlyway,orinaconfidentorshyway個性，性格e.g.1.Youhaveamaturepersonalityandgoodheart.你有著成熟的個性和善良的心。

2.Thesepersonalitytraitsgetpassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.這些性格特征代代相傳。3.Thecontestwasasmuchaboutpersonalitiesasitwasaboutpolitics.競賽比手段策略，也比個性。

Words&Phrases第45頁/共121頁employer

n.[C]aperson,company,ororganizationthatpayssb.toworkforthemasamemberoftheirstaff雇主；雇用者e.g.1.Isthecoursefeepaidbyyouremployer?本課程學費是否由你的雇主支付嗎？2.Youcanrefertomyformeremployerformycharacter.你可以向我以前的雇主詢問我的品行。

Wordfamily:employ

v.

employment

n.Antonym:employee

n.

雇員

Words&Phrases第46頁/共121頁indicator

n.[C]sth.thatshowsyouinwhatconditionsth.is指示物；指標e.g.1.Goldpricesareoftenseenasanindicatorofinflation.黃金價格常常被看作是通貨膨脹的指標。2.Inthisarea,thenumberofwellsisafairindicatorofthedemandforwater.在這個地區(qū)，水井的數(shù)量能較準確地反映水的需求量。Wordfamily:indicate

vt.

indication

n.

indicative

a.Seealso:Myers-BriggsTypeIndicator(MBTI)Words&Phrases第47頁/共121頁extrovert

1.n.[C]sb.whoisveryconfident,lively,andlikessocialsituations性格外向的人e.g.1.Sueistheextrovertinthefamily,opinionated,talkativeandpassionateaboutpolitics.蘇在他們家性格是外向的，她固執(zhí)己見、能說會道，而且對政治非常熱衷。2.Agoodsalesmanisusuallyanextrovert,wholikestominglewithpeople.一個好的推銷員通常很外向，喜歡和人打交道。Words&Phrases第48頁/共121頁2.a.

(orextroverted)confident,lively,andhappyinsocialsituations性格外向的e.g.1.TomisveryextrovertandconfidentwhileKaty’sshyandquiet.湯姆性格外向，充滿自信；而凱蒂卻害羞又文靜。2.VenusinAriesindicatesanimpulsive,passionate,extrovertandboldromanticnature.金星在白羊座象征著沖動、熱情、外向和大膽浪漫的天性。Words&Phrases第49頁/共121頁introvert

1.n.[C]sb.whotendstoconcentrateontheirownthoughtsandfeelingsratherthancommunicatingwithotherpeople性格內向的人；不愛交際的人e.g.1.IsympathizewiththeintrovertasIwouldwiththesickly,butbotharemissingalotoflife.我會像體諒孱弱之人那樣，體諒內向之人，兩者都缺失了許多人生體驗。2.Howdoyouthinktheintrovertandtheextrovertwillbehaveinsuchanenvironment?在那種環(huán)境下，你認為內向的人和外向的人會如何表現(xiàn)呢？

Words&Phrases第50頁/共121頁2.a.(orintroverted)alittleshyandtendingtoconcentrateonyourownthoughtsandfeelings性格內向的；不愛交際的e.g.1.Introvertedpeoplearelesslikelytorespondtohappyfaces.內向的人對開心的表情比較不容易產(chǎn)生反應。2.Althoughheseemsheartyandoutgoinginpublic,heisawithdrawnandintrovertedman.雖然在公眾場合他看起來熱情開朗，但其實他是一個孤僻內向的人。Words&Phrases第51頁/共121頁dichotomy

n.[C](fml)adifferencebetweentwooppositethingsorideas一分為二；二分法e.g.

1.Theysetupafalsedichotomybetweenworkandraisingafamily.他們錯誤地把工作與養(yǎng)家對立起來。2.Thereisadichotomybetweentheacademicworldandtheindustrialworld.學術界與工業(yè)界有著天壤之別。3.Suchadichotomycannotsimplybeattributedtocoincidence.這樣一種分歧不能簡單歸之于巧合。

Words&Phrases第52頁/共121頁equally

ad.1.tothesamedegree

（程度）相當?shù)豦.g.

1.Eachteammemberisequallyimportanttome.每一位團隊成員對我來說都是同樣重要的。2.Sheisequallyathomeonthesinglesordoublescourt.她單打和雙打都得心應手。2.inawaythatisfairandthesameforeveryone平等地；公平地e.g.Theycametoanaccordthatprofitsshouldbesharedequally.

他們達成協(xié)議，收益由大家均分。

Words&Phrases第53頁/共121頁conviction

n.1.[C]astrongbelieforopinionaboutsth.堅定的信仰；信念e.g.1.Noamountofreasoningcouldshakehimoutofhisconviction.再怎樣跟他講道理都不能讓他放棄自己認準的事。2.Theirreligiousconvictionspreventedthemfromtakinguparms.他們的宗教信仰使他們不會訴諸于武器。

Words&Phrases第54頁/共121頁2.[U]thefeelingorappearanceofbeingconfidentorverycertainaboutsth.深信；確信e.g.1.Hisargumenthasbroughtconvictiontomanywaverers.他的論點使許多猶豫不決的人信服。2.“Weshall,sir,”saidJack,withconviction.“我們會的，先生，”杰克堅定地說。3.[C]

adecisionbyacourtoflawthatsomeoneisguiltyofacrime定罪；判罪e.g.Themanwasknowntothepolicebecauseofpreviousconvictions.因為有犯罪前科，警察們都認識這個人。Words&Phrases第55頁/共121頁community

n.[C]thepeoplewholiveinanarea社區(qū)e.g.1.He’swelllikedbypeopleinthecommunity.社區(qū)的人都非常喜歡他。2.Thegrowthofcrimeratehasworriedcommunityleaders,policeandpoliticians.犯罪率的上升讓社區(qū)領導、警察和政界人士十分擔心。3.Hewasateacherandarespectablememberofthecommunity.他是一位教師，并且在社區(qū)頗受尊敬。

Words&Phrases第56頁/共121頁ivorytower

n.[C]aplaceorsituationwhereyouareseparatedfromthedifficultiesofordinarylifeandsoareunabletounderstandthem,usedespeciallytodescribeacollegeoruniversity象牙塔（脫離現(xiàn)實生活的小天地，尤用于描述大學）e.g.

1.LivinginyourivorytoweratOxford,youcan’timaginewhatit’sliketogohungry.你生活在牛津的象牙塔之中，想像不到挨餓是什么滋味。2.Universitystudentsintheirivorytowersdon’tseemtoworryaboutit.生活在象牙塔里的大學生似乎對此漠不關心。

Words&Phrases第57頁/共121頁numerous

a.

existinginlargenumbers許多的；大量的e.g.1.Thedoctorsgavenumerousexamplesofpatientsdyingofthisdisease.醫(yī)生們列舉了大量死于這種疾病的病例。2.Despitenumerousattemptstodiet,herweightsoared.盡管多次嘗試節(jié)食，她的體重仍然在飆升。3.Hehasbeenlateonnumerousoccasions.他已經(jīng)遲到過無數(shù)次了。

Words&Phrases第58頁/共121頁option

n.[C]sth.thatyoucanchooseinaparticularsituation選擇；供選擇的東西e.g.1.Youhavetheoptionofwalkingthereorgoingbybus.你可以選擇走過去或是坐公交過去。2.Americaanditsalliesareputtingtoomuchemphasisonthemilitaryoption.美國及其盟國過于強調軍事手段。havenooptionbuttodosth.e.g.Ihadnooptionbuttoleavewithoutthem.我別無選擇，只好留下他們獨自離開。

Words&Phrases第59頁/共121頁typically

ad.1.usually通常；一般e.g.

1.Ittypicallytakesthreetofiveyearstoturnaprofit.通常需要三到五年才會盈利。2.Identitytheftandidentityfraudaretermsusedtorefertoalltypesofcrimeinwhichsomeonewrongfullyobtainsandusesanotherperson’spersonaldatainsomewaythatinvolvesfraudordeception,typicallyforeconomicgain.(CET4-2007-06)身份盜竊和身份詐騙是專門的犯罪術語，用來指某人用詐騙或欺騙的方法不正當?shù)厥褂盟说膫€人信息，通常的目的是為了獲取經(jīng)濟所得。

Words&Phrases第60頁/共121頁2.withthetypicalqualitiesorfeaturesofaparticulargroupofpeople典型地；有代表性地e.g.1.Thediseasetypicallymanifestsitselfinahighfeverandchestpains.這種疾病的典型癥狀是發(fā)高燒和胸痛。2.SarahhastypicallyBritishfairskin.莎拉有著典型英國人的白皙皮膚。

Words&Phrases第61頁/共121頁entertain

vt.to

giveaperformancethatpeopleenjoy

（通過表演）使快樂，給…娛樂e.g.1.Wehiredamagiciantoentertainthechildrenattheparty.我們雇了一個魔術師在派對上逗孩子們開心。2.Wewereallentertainedbyhishumorousstories.他的幽默故事使我們大家都很開心。Wordfamily:entertainment

n.

Words&Phrases第62頁/共121頁underprivileged

a.nothavingasmanyadvantagesoropportunitiesasmostotherpeople享有的權利（或機會）比大多數(shù)人少的；弱勢的e.g.1.Theyarechildrenfromunderprivilegedhomes.他們是出身于貧苦人家的孩子。2.Theunderprivilegedneedspecialsupportfromthegovernment.那些弱勢群體需要政府的特別支持。Antonym:

privilegeda.Wordfamily:privilege

n.Words&Phrases第63頁/共121頁agricultural

a.

relatingtofarming農(nóng)業(yè)的；與農(nóng)業(yè)相關的e.g.1.Franceistheworld’ssecond-biggestexporterofagriculturalproducts.法國是世界第二大農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口國。2.Chemicalproductswereusedliberallyoveragriculturalland.化學產(chǎn)品曾被大量地用于農(nóng)田。agriculturalresearch農(nóng)業(yè)研究agriculturalresource農(nóng)業(yè)資源agriculturalproducts農(nóng)產(chǎn)品Wordfamily:agriculture

n.農(nóng)業(yè)agriculturalist

n.農(nóng)學家

Words&Phrases第64頁/共121頁unnoticed

a.&ad.notseenornoticedbyanyone未被看見（的）；不被注意到（的）；不被覺察到（的）e.g.1.Elsastoodunnoticedattheedgeofthecrowd.沒人注意到埃爾莎悄悄地站在了人群邊上。2.Hisremarkwentunnoticedbyeveryoneexceptme.除了我之外，別人都沒留意到他說的話。3.Herbirthdayhadjustpassed,unnoticedbyallbutherself.她的生日就這樣過去了，除了她自己，無人知曉。

Words&Phrases第65頁/共121頁bolster

vt.

tomakesth.strongerormoreeffective增強；加強；提高e.g.1.

Ididmybesttobolsterupmyconfidence.我盡一切力量增強我的信心。2.Bothsidesofferedstatisticstobolstertheirarguments.雙方都拿出統(tǒng)計數(shù)字來支持他們的論點。

3.Thehighinterestrateshelpedtobolsteruptheeconomy.高利率使經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)健。Words&Phrases第66頁/共121頁play/work/singetc.sb.’sheartout:

toputalotofeffortintoplaying,working,singingetc.盡情地玩耍/工作/唱歌等e.g.1.Iwillplaymyheartoutforthisteam.我將為球隊付出全部心力。2.Iamgratefultoourteacherswhoworkheartouttoteachandcultivateme.我感激嘔心瀝血教育我、培養(yǎng)我的老師。3.FortwohoursIstoodnexttoanoldmanattheconcertwhilehesincerelysanghisheartout.演唱會上，我在一個忘情地唱著的老頭旁邊站了整整兩個小時。

Words&Phrases第67頁/共121頁caterfor:(BrE)toprovidepeoplewitheverythingtheywantorneed為…提供服務；滿足…的需要e.g.1.Iexpecthewillbeabletocaterforyourparticularneeds.我預計他能滿足你的特殊需要。2.TVmustcaterformanydifferenttastes.電視節(jié)目必須迎合不同人的品味。3.Wecontinuedtocaterforimportantstateguestsuntilwereopenedin1989.我們繼續(xù)為重要的國賓提供服務，直到1989年我們重新開張。

Words&Phrases第68頁/共121頁dashoff:

towriteordrawsth.quicklybecauseyouareinahurry

（因著急而）迅速