詞匯學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)資料

v1.0可編寫可改正1.Awordis_______ofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.aminimalfreeformasmallestmeaningfulunitanelementwhichcannotbefurtheranalyzedagrammaticallyminimalformWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNotcorrectwordcanbeformedbytwofreemorphemeswordcanbeformedbyafreemorphemeandaboundmorphemewordcanbeformedbytwoboundmorphemeswordcanbeformedbyanytwoaffixes.3.Thesymbolicconnectionofawordtoaparticularthingisalmostalways_______________.A.logicalB.arbitraryC.inherentD.automatic4.Indifferentlanguages,thesameconceptscanberepresentedbydifferentsounds,whichshows__________.relationshipbetweensoundandmeaningcannotbeestablished.aredifferentlogicalrelationsbetweensoundandmeaningrelationbetweensoundandmeaningisamatterofconventionconceptsarenotreallythesameThepronunciationofalanguagehaschangedmore______thanspellingovertheyears.A.systematicallyB.arbitrarilyC.logicallyD.rapidly1.TheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamilyconsistsof________.A.allthelanguagesinEuropeandIndiaB.allthelanguagesinIndiaandsomelanguagesinEurope.C.mostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEast,andIndia.1v1.0可編寫可改正D.SomeofthelanguagesofEuropeandallthelanguagesoftheNearEast2.TheprehistoricIndo-Europeanparentlanguageisthoughttobe______.A.Ahighlyinflectedlanguage.B.Ahighlydevelopedlanguage.C.Averydifficultlanguage.D.Alanguageofleveledendings.3.TheEasternsetofIndo-Europeanlanguagefamilyincludessuchlanguagesas_____.A.Polish,WelshandHindiB.English,FrenchandRussianC.German,PersianandIrishD.Armenian,AlbanianandBulgarian4.TheGermanicfamilyconsistsofthefourEuropeanlanguages:__________.A.Slovenian,Czech,RomanyandItalicB.Norwegian,Icelandic,DanishandSwedishC.Scottish,Irish,WelshandBretonD.Portuguese,Italian,EnglishandGerman5._________onlymadeasmallcontributiontotheEnglishvocabulary.A.LatinB.CelticC.DanishD.Spanish6.ThefirstpeoplesknowntoinhabitwhatisnowEnglandare________.A.Anglo-SaxonsB.FrenchspeakingNormansC.CeltsD.Jutes7.Englishismorecloselyrelatedto____________.A.GermanthanFrench.B.FrenchthanGermanC.WelshthanGermanD.IrishthanDutch8.Themostimportantmodeofvocabularydevelopmentinpresent-dayEnglishisthecreationofnewwordsbymeansof_______.A.translation-loansB.semanticloansC.wordformationD.borrowingsOldEnglishvocabularywasinessence________withasmallquantityofwordsv1.0可編寫可改正borrowedfromLatinandScandinavian.A.CelticB.GermanicC.RomanD.Irish10.Englishhasevolvedfrom___________.A.ananalyticlanguagetoasyntheticlanguageB.aCelticlanguagetoaBritishlanguageC.analyticlanguagetoalessinflectionallanguageD.asyntheticlanguagetoananalyticlanguageTherelationshipbetweentheword-formandmeaningis____.Mostwordscanbesaidtobe___.A.prescriptive,motivatedB.prescriptive,non-motivatedC.arbitrary,motivatedD.arbitrary,non-motivatedofthefollowingisincorrectA.“airmail

”

means

“mailby

air

”

B.“reading-lamp”

means“l(fā)ampforreading

”C.“greenhorn”isthehorngreenincolorD.“hopeless”is“withouthope”____explainstheconnectionbetweentheliteralsenseandtriturativesenseoftheword.A.EtymologicalmotivationB.OnomatopoeticmotivationC.MorphologicalmotivationD.Semanticmotivation4.Nowpeople

use

“pen”

for

any

writing

tool

though

it

originally

denotes“feature”.Thisphenomenoncanbeexplainedby____.A.etymologicalmotivationB.onomatopoeticmotivationC.morphologicalmotivationD.semanticmotivationisthemeaninggiveninthedictionaryandformsthecoreofword-meaning.A.GrammaticalmeaningB.DenotativemeaningC.AssociativemeaningD.Connotativemeaning3v1.0可編寫可改正6.Whenreaderscomeacrosstheword“home”inreading,theymayberemindedoftheirfamily,friends,warmth,safety,love.Thatisbecauseofthe“home”has______.A.collocationsB.connotationsC.denotationsD.perorations7.“Domicile,residence,abode,home”arealmostthesameinconceptualmeaning,butdiffermainlyin___.A.connotativemeaningB.affectivemeaningC.collocativemeaningD.stylisticmeaning8.____varyfromindividualtoindividual,fromculturetoculture,fromgenerationtogeneration,fromsocietytosociety.A.ConnotativeandaffectionmeaningsB.ConnotativeandcollcationalmeaningsC.AffectiveandcollocationalmeaningsD.Affectiveandstylisticmeanings9.“Prettyandhandsome”,“trembleandquiver”differmainlyintheir_____meanings.A.affectiveB.collocativeC.stylisticD.denotativeword“treacle”hasthefollowingsenses:(1)wildbeast;(2)remedyforbitesofvenomousbeasts;(3)antidoteforpoisonorremedyforpoison;(4)anyeffectiveremedy;(5)(BrE)molasses.Whatsemanticprocesshas“treacle”undergoneA.centralizationB.radiationC.concatenationD.narrowinggroupofthefollowingareperfecthomonymsA.dear(alovedperson)—deer(akindofanimal)B.bow(bendingtheheadasagreeting)—bow(thedeviceusedforshooting)C.bank(theedgeoftheriver)—bank(anestablishmentformoneybusiness)D.right(correct)—write(putdownonpaperwithapen)4v1.0可編寫可改正followingarethemainsourcesofhomonymsexcept____.A.changeinmeaningB.changeinsoundC.changeinspellingD.borrowing4.“Charmandglamour”，“ranchandran”aretwopairsofsynonymsfrom___.A.borrowingB.dialectsandregionalEnglishC.figurativeandeuphemisticuseofwordsD.withidiomaticexpressions

resulting5.“win”and“gaintheupperhand”，“hesitate”and“beintwominds”aretwopairsofsynonymsresultingfrom____.A.coincidencewithidiomaticexpressions.B.figurativeandeuphemisticuseofwords.C.dialectsandregionalEnglish.D.borrowingThepartofapieceofwritingorspeechwhichsurroundsawordandhelpstoexplainitsmeaningiscalled_____.contextcontextcontextcontextInabroadsense,extra-linguisticcontextincludes________.orderFromthephrase“awhitepaper”,weknowthatthemeaningoftheword“paper”hereis“document”.Thisshowsthatthe_______contextcandefinethemeaningofaword.A.extra-linguisticB.grammaticalC.lexicalD.situational4.Themeaningsofawordmaybeinfluencedbythestructureinwhichitoccurs.Thestructureinwhichthewordinquestionappearscanbecalled____D____context.5.Inanarrowsense,contextrefersto________inwhichawordappears.A.thewordsBclausesC.sentencesD.AlloftheaboveTheextra-linguisticcontextmanyextendtoembrace_______.v1.0可編寫可改正A.grammatical

contextB.

lexical

context

C.cultural

context

D.linguisticcontext.7.Indifferentcountries,“tradeunion”canbeinterpretedindifferentways.Thismeansthat_______mayhaveadefininginfluenceonthemeaningofanexpression.A.linguisticcontextB.collocationofwordsC.acompoundwordoraphraseD.culturalbackground8.Thewordsthatoccurtogetherwiththewordinquestionareoftentermedas____.A.grammaticalcontextB.compoundwordsC.lexicalcontextD.situationalcontextthanonevariant,whichcanrealizesomemorphemesaccordingtothepositioninaword,aretermed.A.phonemesB.allomorphsC.morphsD.phones2.Inthewords"recollection,idealistic,andex-prisoner","re-,-ion,-ist,-ic,ex-,and-er"are.A.prefixesB.suffixesC.freemorphemesD.boundmorphemesisthatpartofthewordthatcarriesthefundamentalmeaningbuthastobeusedincombinationwithothermorphemestomakewords.A.FreerootB.BoundrootC.MorphemeD.BoundmorphemeAffixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareknownas.A.morphemesB.derivationalmorphemesC.inflectionalmorphemesD.suffixes5.isthebasicformofaword,whichcan'tbefurtheranalyzedwithouttotallossofidentity.A.StemB.RootC.MorphemeD.Affix6.Amayconsistofasinglemorphemeasin"iron"oroftwomorphemesasinacompoundlike"handcuff".6v1.0可編寫可改正A.stem,root,rootB.root,stem,stemC.stem,stem,rootD.root,root,stem1.Thenewwordsproducedfromshorteningincludingclippingandacronymsamounttoofallthenewwords.A.30%to40%B.28%to30%C.8%to10%D.1%to5%2.isdefinedastheformationofwordsbyaddingword-formingorderivationalaffixestostem.Thisprocessisalsoknownas.A.derivation,affixationB.affixation,derivationC.derivative,affixationD.affixation,derivative3."De-,dis-,un-,"in"de-compose,disunite,unwrap",arecalled.A.pejorativeprefixesB.negativeprefixesC.reservativeprefixesD.miscellaneousprefixes4."Hyper-,macro-,mini-,sub-,super-,ultra-",belongto.A.prefixesoforientationB.prefixesofattitudeC.prefixesofdegreeorsizeD.prefixesoftimeandorderbelongtopejorativeprefixes.A.anti-,contra-,counter-,pro-B.auto-,neo-,pan-,vice-C.de-,dis-,un-D.mal-,mis-,pseudo-6."Pan-European"means.A.forEuropeB.againstEuropeC.thewholeofEuropeD.formerEurope7."Profiteer,engineer,priestess,kitchenette,booklet"arecalled.A.concretedeverbalnounsB.concretedenominalnounsC.abstractdenominalnounsD.abstractdeverbalnouns8."Productivity,happiness,largeness"fallintothegroupof.A.DeverbalnounsB.DenominalnounsC.De-adjectivenounsD.De-adverbnouns7v1.0可編寫可改正belongtodeverbalsuffixes.A.-able,-iveB.-ly,-wardC.-ate,-enD.-ful,-less,10.Whenweuse"agreenhand"tomean"aninexperiencedperson","ablackhorse"tomean"anunexpectedwinner",weshouldreadthemas.A.agreen'hand,a'blackhorseB.a'greenhand,a'blackhorseC.agreen'hand,ablack'horseD.a'greenhand,ablack'horse11.Sometimes,themeaningofacompoundcanbeinferredfromitsseparateelements,forexample,.A.hotdogB.redmeatC.flowerpotD.fathead12.Thefollowingcanbechangedintopluralformsbyaddinginflectional-sdirectlytotheirends,except.A.brother-in-lawB.three—year-oldC.majorgeneralD.new-bornThemeaningsofmanycompoundsandderivativesarethetotalofthecombined.A.morphsB.allomorphsC.rootsD.morphemesWhichgroupofthefollowingarethenouncompoundsacceptableinEnglishA.breakout,downfall,intake,downslideB.outbreak,three-leg,outcry,breakthroughC.runaway,hangover,going-over,upbringingD.stockholder,brainstorming,deadline,easy-going15.WhichgroupofthefollowingaretheadjectivecompoundsacceptableinEnglishA.far-reachng,forth-coming,air-conditioning,on-going.B.ten-story,five-leg,moon-walk,wadingbindC.deaf-mute,bitter-sweet,one-eyed,air-conditionedD.proof-reading,massproduction,warweary,stone-hearted16.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse8v1.0可編寫可改正A.Conversionreferstotheuseofwordsofoneclassasthatofadifferentclass.B.Wordsmainlyinvolvedinconversionarenouns,verbsandadverbs.C.Partialconversionandfullconversionareconcernedwithadjectiveswhenconvertedtonouns.D.Theconversionbetweennounsandverbsmayinvolveachangeofstress.17.WhichgroupofthefollowingispartiallyconvertedwhenusedasnounsA.poor,young,affluent,drunkB.poor,corrupt,rich,affluentC.poor,newly-wed,drinkable,whiteD.white,final,native,liberal18.“Omnibus,earthquake,discotheque”arereplacedby“bus,quake,disco”respectivelyinthewayof.A.conversionB.clippingC.acronymD.backformation19.WhichgroupofthefollowingareacronymsA.VOA,AIDS,BASIC,D-DayB.CORE,Laser,TEFL,NATOC.G-man,BBC,BASIC,NATOD.TV,ID,TB,UFO20.Themostproductivemeansofword-formationinmodernEnglisharethefollowingexcept.A.compoundingB.affixationC.acronymD.conversionⅠAccordingtothegivenmeaning,ChoosetheproperformoftheEnglishidiomfromthefouralternativeanswers.A.tillcowscomehomeB.tillthecowscomehomeC.tillbullscomehomeD.tillthebullscomehomeinthoughtA.inabrownstudyB.inaredstudyC.inagreenstudyD.inadarkstudyonlyinwords,notinfactA.mouthserviceB.lipserviceC.braintrustD.mindtrust9v1.0可編寫可改正certainlyA.sureaseggiseggB.sureasaeggisaeggC.sureaseggsareeggsD.sureaseggsiseggsA.intheairB.intheopenC.intherawD.inthestrawuselessandunwantedbutbigandcostlyA.whiteelephantB.darkelephantC.whitehorseD.darkhorseimportantandessentialpartA.mightandmainB.bagandbaggageC.sumandsubstanceD.partandparcelfromcontinuoususeA.fairandspareB.toilandmoilC.wearandtearD.kithandkinmemberthoughttobeadisgraceinthefamilyA.blacksheepB.adarkhorseC.graymareD.whiteelephantalldifficultiesandtroublesA.throughhighandlowB.throughthickandthinC.fromheadtofootD.fromstarttofinishEachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosethebestone.thefollowingidioms,whichoneisnominalinnatureasfarassyntacticfunctionisconcerned.andbloodandsoulandnailandlowspeaking,idiomsareexpressionsthatarenotreadilyunderstandablefromtheirofindividualelements.meaningmeaningmeaningmeaningstructureofanidiomistoalargeextent.oftheabove10v1.0可編寫可改正ofsynonymsiscalled.referstoidiomsinwhichthenameofonethingisusedforthatofanotherassociatedwithit.DMetonymymeaningoftheidiomblackbottleis.drinkthatisblackincolorboughtinanillegalwayfigureofspeechisappliedinthefollowingidioms"thesaltinthegrass".

of

the

earth";

"snakeisthemotherofsuccess,intheidiom,isused.ofthefollowingidiomsmeansthingsoflittlevalueandmeansandendsofdusttire,deletion,replacement,dismembering,etc.are_____.manipulationfeaturesofspeechofidiomsbroomssweepclean,washonedirtylineninpublicisfirstusedby____.Saywhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.eachconsistofmorethanoneword,butlotsofthemfunctionasoneword.meaningofidiomsalwayshavelogicalrelationshipwiththeliteralmeaningofindividualwords.constituentsofanidiomcannotbechanged,notevenonearticle.structuralstabilityisabsoluteinactualuse.speaking,mostidiomsareeitherformalorinformal.eachidiomisasemanticwhole,eachcanbereplacedbyasingleword.11v1.0可編寫可改正theidiomsthatfunctionasadjectivesconsistofadjectives.largeproportionofidiomswerefirstcreatedbyworkingaresult,mostofthemarenowstillconfinedtolimitedgroupofpeopleengagedinthesametradeoractivity.numbersofidiomsareusedintheirmetaphoricalmeaning.metonymyandsynecdocheinvolvesubstitutionofnames,yettheydifferfromeachanother.positionofcertainconstituentsinsomeidiomscanbeshiftedwithoutanychangeinmeaning.somecases,idiomscanbebrokenunintopiecestoachievespecialeffect.idiomsarepeculiartothenativecultureandlanguage,manyimagescreatedbythemareexpressive,effectiveandimpressiveeventoforeignlearnersdogiscalleda“dog”becausethesoundandthethreelettersthatmakeupthewordautomaticallysuggesttheanimalinquestion.wordisasmallestmeaningfulunitthathasasoundunityandagrammaticalfunction.writtenformofalanguageisthewrittenrecordoftheoralform,thereforethewrittenformagreeswiththeoralform.isatermthatcanonlybeusedtorefertothetotalnumberofwordsinalanguage.F1.EnglishlanguageisthelanguageoftheearlyinhabitantsoftheBritishIsles.T2.OldEnglishwasalanguageoffullendingswhileMiddleEnglishwasoneofleveledendings.T3.ModernEnglishbeganwiththeestablishmentofprintinginEngland.F4.InmodernEnglishperiod,borrowingisnolongeranimportantchannelofvocabularyexpansion.12v1.0可編寫可改正T5.InearlierstagesofEnglish,French,Latin,GreekandScandinavianwerethemajorcontributorstotheexpansionofEnglishvocabulary.F6.ThebeginningoftheMiddleEnglishPeriodwasmarkedbytheNormanConquestwhichbroughtmanyLatinwordsintotheEnglishlanguage.T7.IntheMiddleEnglishperiod,WycliffandShakespearemadegreatcontributionstotheelevationofthesocialstatusoftheEnglishlanguage.F8.OldEnglishhasavocabularyofabout20,000to90,000words.F9.NowpeoplegenerallyrefertoAnglo-SaxonasModernEnglish.languagemadegreatcontributionstotheexpansionoftheEnglishvocabT1.Compoundsandderivedwordsaremulti-morphemicwords,andthemeaningofmanyarethesumtotalofthemorphemescombined.F2.Bymorphologicalmotivation,wemeanthatameaningofaparticularwordisrelatedtoitsorigin.F3.Functionalwordshavebothlexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaning.T4.Grammaticalmeaningreferstothepartofspeech,tensesofverbsandstylisticfeaturesofwords.F5.Inmanycasestheappreciativeorpejorativemeaningofthewordsareproducedoutofcontext.F1.Aruleofword-formationisusuallyidenticalwithasyntacticrule.rulesthemselvesarenotfixedbutundergochangestoacertainextent.F3.Affixeslike“-th”areveryproductiveincurrentEnglish.F4.Thechieffunctionofprefixesistochangethewordclassofthestems.F5.Theprimaryfunctionofsuffixesistochangethemeaningofthestem.F6.Compoundsarewordsformedbycombiningaffixesandstems.F7.“-age,-al,-ance,-ation,-ence”in“l(fā)inkage,dismissal,attendance,protection,existence”canproducelargelyconcretenounsbybeingaddedtoverbstems.13v1.0可編寫可改正F8.Themeaningofacompoundisusuallythecombinationofstems.F9.Thefreephrasehastheprimarystressonthefirstelementandthesecondarystress,ifany,onthesecond.F10.Inbothcompoundsandfreephrasestheadjectiveelementcantakeinflectionalsuffixes.F11.Conversionisonlyachangeofgrammaticalfunctionofalexicalitemwithnolossofitsdifferentrangeofmeaningoriginallyconveyed.F12.Afullyconver