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<BacktoContentstmforumAWHITEPAPERONEmpoweringdigitaltransformation–SEPTEMBER2022SEPTEMBER2022implementationObjective(s):tosharethelatestupdatesofbusinessrequirements,architecture,capabilities,collaborativeactivities,bestpracticesandreferenceimplementationsintheAutonomousNetworksindustry.11<BacktoContentsContributingContributingcompaniestmforumAsielnfoA工中國信通院中chinaMobielchunchuncom中國聯(lián)通中華電信chunghwaTelecomcognl7antDralo9ERICSSONETIYA科大國創(chuàng)GuecHUANGHUAWEIinspu良nbnTMNOKIANTTteleccmtelenorUBiaubeverizonvwhalecloud·p·rXLaxataZTE22<BacktoContentstmforumEDITORSTMForumFutureweiAaronBoasman-PatelDongSunCONTRIBUTINGCOMPANIES&INDIVIDUALSAISWasitWattanasap,SuphachetPhermphoonwatanasuk,BoonchoungT.VerawongseAsiaInfoYeOuyang,DuozhiZhu,SenBianBeyondNowAndreasPolzBroadtechRenLi,YinMing,RanBinAndyCorston-PetrieBUPTWenjingLiCAICTJunfengMa,QiangCheng,ZhirouLiu,ZishanLiu,YuhuaZhangCCSAShizhuoZhao,YingZhao,YanZhang,XinGuo,XuQiCCSSOFTLanYinghua,ZhangZehuaChinaMobileNinglunGu,LiweiLiu,YuanYao,LingliDeng,KaixiLiuChinaTelecomSunQiong,ZhangLe,YanqinWu,JingjingYuan,ZhangKe,LinjunLiuChinaUnicomRenFei,WanYuhai,WangLei,QiaoZizhi,YangJianjian,ZhaoYongjian,ZhaoZhanchunChinaUnitechsLuYunyang,HaoLiguang,SongGang,ZhouHuadong,WangHanChunghwaTelecomTse-HanWang,Hao-YuKao,KAIMINGTENGCognizantArunVS,PramatheshBhurangiClarityGlobalAliMozaffar,SeyedZoee,MohammadRezaAnbiyaei,AdelHosseinyCloudBlueDougMiglioriDialogAxiataRaviKamalendiranEastcomJianpingDuan,HongpengYiEricssonIgnacioMás,J?rgNiem?ller,MuhammadRehanRazaThierryReynard,AliDurmugEtisalatAbakarAbdelmalik,SalemAlnuaimiFutureweiDongSun,MinHeGuoChuangZhaoLong,LiFeiHKTDerekChenHuaweiHeHuang,YongmingLin,YuzhouHou,YiningWang,Ji’angLi,JianWang,HuiLi,GuangyingZheng,XiaolinSong,ChenChen,JingHao,KevinMcDonnell,FernandoCamacho,QingYu,LexunWang,ChenFengInfosysAnuroopAwasthi,AnkurGoel,AnkurGoyalInspurChangChengyang,HuangJing,ChuYufei,ShenLinjiang,XuBingjianIntrawayDiegoAmbuhl,MarkAbolafia,SantiagoGonzalezMTNMohamedSalah,LloydMphahlele,StevenHill,NkosinathiNzima,BriteDevassy,DanielSmith,ThembinkosiNdebeleNBNCoBradPetersNetcrackerAndreiChekalin,ManojNair,AbinashVishwakarmaNokiaXihaiXu,KailingLuo,TaoZhiNTTTakayukiNakamura,KenichiTayama,ShingoHoriuchi,HiroakiKikushima,ChaoWuOrangeChristianMaitre,SophieNachman,FredericDesnoesSparkleDarioSerrastcKhalidMohamedAttiaRelianceJioAnkitMurarkaRobiAxiataMohammedFahimMomen,MohammadRubbyatAkramTelecomArgentinaGastonDeArriba,EduardoPancieraMolanes,MiguelFernandez,RubenDelgado,ClaudioRighettiTelecomItaliaMassimoBanziTelenorHanne-StineHallingby,KnutJohannessen,MinXieTelkomselDeasyApriani,HenryGandaPurba,NoviFaldianAlfianto,LaodeMuhammadRamadhanTEOCOYuvalSteinTMForumAaronBoasman-Patel,DaveMilham,DawnBushausUBiqubeHervéGuesdon,NaveenKumarMJUltraPowerWangXiaojun,WangChao,ChenZhenUniversitadegliStudidiMilanoMarcoAnisettiVerizonPranabDasVodafoneLesterThomasWhaleCloudGuoYihua,ShiZhiweiWiproVinayDevadatta,DharmendraMisraXLAxiataMuhammadSufyanMasoodZTEManchangJu,HaoWang,ZhiqiangChen,YongWangZznodeChenDan,WangHao,WanZhusheng33tmforumcontentscontents1.1.Executivesummary62.TheNeedforANs,theirdevelopmentandchallenges82.1TheneedforAutonomousNetworks82.2ANindustrydevelopment–CSPs9AISChinaMobile10ChinaTelecom11ChinaUnicom12ChunghwaTelecom12MTNGroup13NTTGroup13Orange14TelecomArgentina142.3ANindustrydevelopment–standardization162.4Challengestolarge-scaledeploymentofANs173.VisionandframeworkofAutonomousNetworks203.1Vision203.2AutonomousNetworksframeworkandcapabilities204.MethodandpracticesforANevaluation254.1FourelementskeytoANimplementation254.2MethodsandpracticesofANlevelevaluation26ChinaMobile’sANLpractice27ChinaTelecom’spractice:ANcharacteristicsacrossANL29ChinaUnicom’spractice:ANLevaluation29MTN’spractice:definethedomain-specificANLandevaluatepersub-scenario304.3PracticesofANeffectivenessindicators31ChinaMobile’spracticefordevelopingeffectivenessindicators31ChinaTelecom’spracticeforeffectivenessindicators324.4ComprehensiveANpractices33ChinaMobile:Firstlarge-scaleoperationpractice33ANindustryevaluationpractice:serviceexperienceofsite-to-cloudprivateline3444tmforum5.5.ANreferencesolutions365.1Enablingverticals36AutonomousNetworkshyperloopsenablingSmart-Xindustries–smarttourism/stadium36Easterndataandwesterncomputingforce41Smartmanufacturing–multi-cloudandmulti-baseautonomousandflexibleinterconnection42Agileserviceprovisioning–intent-basedautomaticprovisioningofenterpriseprivatelines435.2Customerexperienceandbusinessgrowth44Intent-drivenAN(IDAN)usecases44Zero-Xcustomerexperienceonhealthyechapps(Dr.Go)47Buildamobilebearernetworkwiththebestexperience,enablingself-optimizationandself-closed-loopmanagement48Marketexpansionthroughoutcome-baseddecisionintent-drivensystem50AIforcrowdsourceduserexperience51CustomerComplaintPrevention535.3EfficientO&M54Intelligentlocatingofopticalpathinterruptionswithinmilliseconds54Hitlessautomaticupgradeof5GcorenetworkNEs55Wirelessnetwork–intelligentfaultmanagementbasedonprediction57Buildinganall-opticalANtoenableagilebusinessandintelligentO&M59Agileprovisioningof5Gcustomizednetwork60AI-intellectualizedO&MManagement625.4Greenenergy63Greenandintelligentopticalcross-connect(OXC)network63Dynamicenergysavingwithslicingpacketnetwork(SPN)64Facilitatinglow-carbonoperationsofStateGridCorporationofChina656.ANindustryprospects676.1Analysts’perspectives676.2Technologytrendoutlook686.3CollaborationtoadvanceANindustry71?TMForum2022.Theentirecontentsofthispublicationareprotectedbycopyright.Allrightsreserved.Theviewsandopinionsexpressedinthiswhitepaperareprovidedinthecontributors’personalcapacitiesandmaynotreflecttheviewsoftheircompanies.Whileallcarehasbeentakeninpreparationofthispaper,noresponsibilityforanylossoccasionedtoanypersonactingorrefrainingfromanyactionasaresultofanymaterialinthispublicationcanbeacceptedbytheeditors,contributorsorpublisher.55<BacktoContents|ExecutiveSummaryDigitalization,intelligenceandtheneedtoreducecarbontocombatclimatechangearedrivingtechnologicalrevolutionandtransformationinmanyindustries.IntheICTindustry,thesechangesdemandautomationofnetworksandoperations.Communicationsserviceproviders(CSPs)haverespondedquickly.InjustthreeshortyearssinceTMForum’sfirstAutonomousNetwork(AN)whitepaperexplainingtheconcept,operatorsaroundtheworldhavedevelopedstrategiesandarenowdeployingANs,withplanstoquicklyacceleratetothehighestlevelsofautomation.Globally,CSPsareleveragingtheirinvestmentsin5G,network-as-a-service(NaaS),serviceagilityandplatform-basedOSS,cloud,andAItoincreaseinnovation,improvecustomerexperienceandreducecosts.TheyaimtogiveenterprisesandconsumersfullyautomatednetworksandICTinfrastructure,withgoalsofdeliveringaZero-Xserviceexperienceandfacilitatingnewpartnerecosystembusinessmodels.Operatorsalsoaredeployingautomaticandintelligentoperationsandmaintenance(O&M)capabilitiestoimproveefficiencyintheirincreasinglycomplexnetworks.Theseeffortsareinstepwithglobaldigitaltransformationinitiatives.Aroundtheworld,morethan170countrieshavedevelopeddigitalstrategies,andenterprisesareacceleratingtheiruseoftechnologieslike5G,IoT,AIandcloud.Considerthesedatapoints:In2030,wewillentertheyottabyteera.General-purposecomputingpowerwillhaveincreased10-fold,andAIcomputingpowerwillhaveincreased500-foldwhencomparedwith2020.AccordingtoGSMA,thenumberofglobalIoTconnectionswillreach25billionby2025,amongwhich14billionwillbeindustrialIoTconnections.Gartnerpredictsthatby2025,morethanhalfofenterpriseITspendinginkeymarketsegmentswillshifttothecloudandtheirITexpenditureoncloudaccesswillreach$1.8trillion.AsurveyfromDeloitteshowsthat54%ofenterpriseshavedeployedmorethanfiveAIapplicationsonaverage.TMForum,2022ThisisTMForum’sfourthAutonomousNetworks(AN)whitepaper.Sincethereleaseofthethird,Autonomousnetworks:Empoweringdigitaltransformation,oneyearago,theindustryhaswitnessedunprecedenteddevelopment.Globalstandards-developmentorganizations(SDOs)havebeenrefiningANstandards,researchingkeytechnologiesanddetermininghowtoevaluateANlevels(ANL)tofacilitateevolutiontowardsthehighestlevels.66Indeed,akeypieceoftheworkfromtheTMIndeed,akeypieceoftheworkfromtheTMForumAutonomousNetworksProjectisasix-levelANautonomythatCSPscanusetomeasuretheirprogress.EachANlevel(ANL)hasasetofcharacteristicsdescribingtheevolutionarystageoftheCSP’sjourneyfromfullymanualtofullyautonomousoperations.ThemodelprogressesfromLevel0toLevel5,withdegreesofoperationsautonomy.ManyotherSDOsarenowsupportingthesedefinitionsoftheANL,andnearlytwo-thirds(63%)ofCSPssurveyedbyTMForuminMayandJune2022saidtheyintendtobeoperatingatLevel3or4by2025.Thatissubstantialprogress.Nearlyadozenindustrypartners,includingCSPsandequipmentandsystemsvendors,havereleasedtheirownANwhitepaperstodescribetheirvisionsandstrategicplansforAN.AnincreasingnumberofCSPsarefocusingonbestpracticesforasystematicapproachtoAN,whichincludesfourkeyelements:tmforum“CSPsaimto“CSPsaimtogiveenterprisesandconsumersfullyautomatednetworksandICTinfrastructure,withgoalsofdeliveringaZero-Xserviceexperienceandfacilitatingnewpartnerecosystembusinessmodels.”CreatingavisionandtargetarchitectureAdoptingtheANlevelsUsingeffectivenessindicatorstomeasurethebusinessvalueandserviceeffectivenessofANsEstablishingoperationspracticestodevelopautomatedandintelligentcapabilitiesfornetworksandsupportsystemsefficiency.Withthatasbackground,theANindustrypartnersjointlyreleasethefourthANwhitepaper.ThegoalsaretoguidethedevelopmentoftheANindustry,strengthenindustryconsensus,acceleratestandards,andfacilitatenetworkplanninganddeploymentforCSPsandtheirinnovationpartners.Inthepaper,wedescribethelatestANtrendsandachievementsandupdatethesixchallengestolarge-scaledeployment.WealsoexplainthefourkeyelementstoimplementationanddescribethetechnicalfeaturesofANLevel1toLevel5.Wediscussthemeaningandboundariesofautonomousdomains,andthepositioningofandcorrelationsbetweengenericANLanddomain-specificANL.Inaddition,welookatthepositioningandvalueofeffectivenessindicatorsandhowtoevaluateandcertifyANimplementations.ThepaperalsodescribesCSPs’newbestpracticesforANplanninganddeployment,formulationofdomain-specificANLandformulationofeffectivenessindicators,alongwiththebestANLevaluationpracticescarriedoutbyindustryorganizations.Importantly,weshowcase20selecthigh-valuebusinesssolutionsusingANbestpractices,outofmorethan40contributionsreceived.AlltheusecasesareavailableinTMForum’sAutonomousNetworksRealizationStudies(IG1218C).WehopetoenablemoreCSPstoembarkonthejourneytoANandimprovetheirANL.WealsohopetocollaboratewithallindustrypartnerstodevelopahealthyandprosperousecosystemforAN.77tmforum2.1THENEEDFORAUTONOMOUSNETWORKSSeveralkeytrendsinthecommunicationsindustry,andtheupgradefromcommunicationstmforum2.1THENEEDFORAUTONOMOUSNETWORKSSeveralkeytrendsinthecommunicationsindustry,andtheupgradefromcommunicationsnetworkstoproductionnetworksforvariousindustries,arerequiringmoreadvancedautomaticandintelligentnetworkcapabilities,including:5G-Advanced–asthenewcoreinfrastructureofadigitalintelligentsociety,the5G-Advancedstandardwillfurtherpromotedigitaltransformation.Innovative5G-Advancedtechnologiesandawholenewindustryarebeingexplored,posingnewrequirementsforhigh-levelAN.TheTheneedforANs,theirdevelopmentItisItisCSPs’responsibilitytofigureouthowtouseautomatedandintelligenttechnologiestodeploygreenandlow-carbonnetworks.Computingnetwork–asanewbusinessscenarioforenterprisecloudaccess,thepurposeofaCSP’scomputingnetworkistoallocateandflexiblyschedulecomputing,storageandnetworkresourcesondemandamongthecloud,edgesanddevicestomeetthecloudaccessrequirementsofenterprises.Computingnetworksrequirecarrierstobetterorchestrateandscheduletheirnetworksandcloudsinanautonomicandintelligentmanner.Low-carbonemissions–In2030,digitalservicestrafficisexpectedtobe13timesthatof2020.Theincreasingenergyconsumptioncausedbytrafficgrowthhasmadecarbonneutralityaglobalchallenge.ItisCSPs’responsibilitytofigureouthowtouseautomatedandintelligenttechnologiestodeploygreenandlow-carbonnetworksinordertoconserveenergyandreduceemissionsinvariousindustries.Ubiquitous10Gbit/s,ultra-lowlatency,ultra-highavailabilityandotheradvancedrequirements–usersconstantlydemandmoreimmersiveexperiencesthatconnectthevirtualandrealworlds,whichrequiresanetworkspeedof10Gbit/sorhigher.Usecasessuchastelemedicine,autonomousdrivingandsmartmanufacturingrequireend-to-endlatencyof1to10milliseconds(ms)andreliabilityof99.999%orhigher.By2030,businessesandindividualconsumerswillrequire100-foldgreatercorecapabilitiesoncommunicationsnetworks,includingbandwidth,latencyandavailability.Scenario-basedslicing,elasticbandwidth,deterministicSLAs,andothernewrequirements–digitaltransformationofcoreproductionscenariosinvariousindustriesrequiresscenario-basedprivatenetworksandslices.Forexample,largemanufacturingenterprisesneedscenario-basedslicesforoffices,productioncontrol,qualityinspection,securitymanagementandmarketingservices.Theywanttoadjustapplicationtrafficinrealtime,allocatebandwidthondemandanduseserviceswithdeterministicservicelevelagreements(SLAs).Zero-waitprovisioning,preventivemaintenance,visualizedmanagement,andotherexperiencerequirements–timeliness,stabilityandvisibilityofnetworkserviceswillbecomemoreimportantaskeyproductionscenariosinvariousindustriesaremigratedtothecloud.Forexample,enterprisesrequiredeliveryofazero-waitexperiencebasedone-commercesubscription,self-configurationprovisioningandone-stopaccesstomultipleclouds.Whenusingandmanagingnetworksandservices,enterpriseswantdeliveryofazero-troubleexperiencebasedonpreventiveandpredictivemaintenance,andindependentandvisualizedmanagement.Toovercomethesechallenges,operatorshavebeenacceleratingthetransformationofnetworkautomationandintelligence.ANhasbecomethepreferredchoiceformanyandisexpectedtodrivethedigital,intelligentandgreendevelopmentofICTnetworks.88“CSPsbelievetheywillmakesignificantprogresstowardL3andL4by2025,andmosthaveanANvisionandstrategy.”<BacktoContents|TheNeed“CSPsbelievetheywillmakesignificantprogresstowardL3andL4by2025,andmosthaveanANvisionandstrategy.”2.2ANINDUSTRYDEVELOPMENT–CSPsIndustryconsensusisdevelopingaroundAN,andthetrendisfor2.2ANINDUSTRYDEVELOPMENT–CSPsintelligentnetworkautomation.Comparedwithlastyear,ANpracticeshaveimprovedintermsofscale(numberofparticipatingCSPs)anddepth(ANLapproach,APIsandeffectivenessindicators).ThegraphicsbelowfromTMForum’slatestANsurveyandreportshowthatCSPsbelievetheywillmakesignificantprogresstowardL3andL4automationby2025,andthatthemajorityofoperatorshaveavisionandstrategyforautomation.CSPs’ANlevelnowandin3yearsCSPs’ANvisionsCSPs’ANvisionsTMForum,2022Figure2:CSPs’ANprogressandstrategySomepioneeringCSPslikeChinaMobile,whichiswidelyrecognizedasthemostadvancedAN-enabledCSPintheworld,haveformulatedtheiroverallstrategiesandplansforANinatop-downmannerbasedonservicestrategiesandoperationalrequirements,proposingthegoalofachievingL4insomeorallscenariosby2025.Manyoperatorsarealsodedicatedtotakingthebottom-uppathtosimplifynetworksandenableagileserviceinnovation.TheyarecontinuouslyincorporatingnewsolutionstoevolveSelf-XcapabilitiesontheirnetworksanddeliveraZero-Xexperience,enablingnewbusinessopportunitiesandimprovingoperationalefficiency.FollowingareexamplesofhowsomeleadingCSPsareapproachingtheirANstrategy.99AISisdedicatedtoprovidingdistinctivecustomerexperiencethroughitsCognitiveTelcoStrategy,whichisbasedonANandITintelligenceina“DualAISisdedicatedtoprovidingdistinctivecustomerexperiencethroughitsCognitiveTelcoStrategy,whichisbasedonANandITintelligenceina“DualTechnicalEngine”torealizezero-touchoperationsthroughnetwork,customer,andpartnerdataandinsightstosupportL4automation.“CSPsarecontinuously“CSPsarecontinuouslyincorporatingnewsolutionstoevolveSelf-XcapabilitiesontheirnetworksanddeliveraZero-Xexperience.”Figure3:AISCognitiveTelcoStrategyChinaMobilehasbeencontinuouslyimprovingthedigitalintelligencelevelofnetworkmanagementsystems(NMS)andnetworkelements(NEs)andencouragingindustrialcollaborationatthesametime.AstheleadingCSPinpracticingAN,ChinaMobileisthefirstintheindustrytoputforwardasystematiclevelevaluationmodel,focusingonfivedomainsofradioaccessnetwork(RAN),core,transmission,IPandnetworkcloud,combingoutmorethan200corecapabilitiesandmorethan1,000specificscenariosaroundkeyservicesincludingindividualservices,homeservicesand2Bservices.Technicalassessmentprinciplesarewelldefined,togetherwith24end-to-endeffectivenessindicators,tomeasuretheeffectivenessandpracticalresultsbroughtbyAN.ThismethodologyhasbeencontributedintoTMForumassetssuchasAutonomousNetworkLevelsEvaluationMethodology(IG1252)andAutonomousNetworksBusinessRequirementsandFramework(IG1218)topromotecommonagreement.1010Inthepast2years,ChinaMobilehasactivelyinitiatedmorethan10whitepapersandover30standardsonANInthepast2years,ChinaMobilehasactivelyinitiatedmorethan10whitepapersandover30standardsonANinstandardsorganizationssuchas3GPP,ETSI,CCSA,NGMNandGTI.AftertwoyearsofANLevaluationandautonomyenhancement,ChinaMobile’snetworkwasupgradedfromL1in2020toL2attheendof2021andisplannedtobefullyL3in2023.Theupgradeincludesthefollowingenhancements:Digitalexperienceimprovementfromusers’perspectivewithzerowaiting,zerofailureandzerocontactservice.Nowhomebroadbandservicescanbeprovisionedinhoursandindividualservicesinminutes,andprovisioningtimesforbusinessservicesarefurthershortened,with5Gprivatenetworkservicesbeingprovisionedindaysandcloudnetworkprivatelineinminutes.Digitaltransformationpromotionfromanoperations,administrationandmanagement(OAM