水生態(tài)保護(hù)與修復(fù) 重點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)實(shí)施方案

水生態(tài)保護(hù)與修復(fù)重點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)實(shí)施方案第1頁/共38頁P(yáng)reface1第2頁/共38頁1.Preface第3頁/共38頁1.PrefaceWaterconservancyconstructiongainsgreatachievement,tosupporthealthydevelopmentoftheeconomicsociety.Theabilityofregulationandcontrolofriverflowiscontinuouslyenhancedthroughmajorwaterengineeringconstruction.UtilizationofwaterresourceconsumptionofwhichdegreeisincreasedcontinuouslyWatertransferamongdrainagebasinsofwhichdistributionrangeisexpandedcontinuouslyHighdischargingstrengthofwaterpollutantsEcologicalproblemsofriversandlakes:majorrestrainingfactorsinfluencingnationalwatersecurity.第4頁/共38頁1.PrefaceThenationpayshighattentiontoecologicalprotectionandrestorationofwaterecologyDecisiononacceleratingwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmentoftheStateCouncil(Z.F.No.[2011]1)Waterresourcesprotectionandhealthsecuritysystemofriversandlakesarebasicallysetupby2020.OpinionsoftheStateCouncilonimplementingthestrictestwaterresourcesmanagementsystem(G.F.No.[2012]3)PromoteprotectionandrestorationofwaterecosystemOpinionsofMinistryofWaterResourcesonacceleratingtopromoteecologicalcivilizationconstructionofwater(WaterResourcesNo.[2013]1)Implement8tasks.第5頁/共38頁1.PrefaceThenationpayshighattentiontoecologicalprotectionandrepairofwaterecologyPlanofwaterpollutioncontrol(G.F.No.[2015]17)Systematicallypromotewaterpollutioncontrol,waterecologicalprotectionandmanagementofwaterresourcesAdvicesonformulatingthe13thfiver-yearplanofnationaleconomyandsocialdevelopmentoftheCPCCentralCommitteeFirmecologicalsecuritycurtainAdvicesonenhancingmanagementandcontrolofecologicalredlineofresourcesandenvironment(F.G.H.Z.No.[2016]1162)Setaredlineforecologicalprotection.第6頁/共38頁1.PrefaceTheecologyofriversandlakesisforshortofaquaticecosystemofriversandlakes,mainlyincludingrivers,lakes,reservoirs,groundwatersystem,riverside,lakeside,estuarinewetland,etc.SystemofProtectionandRestorationMeasuresofAquaticEcosystem第7頁/共38頁CurrentStatusandProblems2第8頁/共38頁2.CurrentStatusandProblemsEvolutionProcessofEcologicalEnvironmentalProblemsofRiversandLakes第9頁/共38頁2.CurrentStatusandProblemsTypesofecologicalproblemsofriversandlakesRiversandlakeswithgoodecology:theYangtzRiver,thePearlRiverandRiverSourceintheNorthWatershortage:theHaiheRiver,theYellowRiverandriversinnorthwest;Waterpolluted:theHaiheRiverandtheHuaiheRiverEcologicalatrophy:middleanddownstreamofwaterresourceszonesCompositeunbalance:theLiaoheRiver,theHaiheRiver,theYellowRiver,theHuaiheRiver遼第10頁/共38頁2.CurrentStatusandProblemsWaterpollutionproblemsarestillserious.Thestandardreachingratewaterfunctionzonesislow.第11頁/共38頁2.CurrentSituationandProblemsEcologicalbaseflowcontrolsectionExcellentandgoodonesaccountfor62.5%,whicharemainlyintheYangtzerRiverareaandthePearlRiverareainthesouthaswellasupperreachesofriversinnorth.Thepooronesaccountfor17.1%,whicharemainlyintheLiaoheRiverarea,theHaiheRiverarea,theHuaiheRiverareaandtheYellowRiverarea.SensitiveecologicalwaterrequirementsectionExcellentandgoodonesamountfor45.5%,whicharemainlyintheYangtzerRiverareaandthePearlRiverareaaswellasupperreachesoftheYellowRiver.Thepooronesaccountfor21.8%,whicharemainlyintheHaiheRiverarea,theSonghuaRiverarea,theLiaoheRiverareaandlowerreachesoftheYellowRiverarea.Ecologicalflowisoccupiedseriouslyandatrophyofrivers,lakesandwetlandisserious.WetlandretentionrateTheover-78%retentionrateofwetlandintheSonghuaRiverarea,theYangtzeRiverareaandthePearlRiverareaisassessedtobeexcellentandgood.Morethan70%ofwetlandassessmentresultsintheYellowRiverarea,theHaiheRiverareaandriversinnorthwestarepoor.第12頁/共38頁2.CurrentSituationandProblemsHydroelectricdevelopmentintensityisincreasedcontinuouslyandthestepaccumulationinfluenceisincreasinglyobvious.第13頁/共38頁2.CurrentSituationandProblemsImportantaquaticenvironmentdegrades,thusprotectionofbiodiversityfaceschallenges.DamsobstructmigrationpathwayHabitatbreakingReservoirsubmergenceDisorderedsandexcavationinriverchannelsEcologicalwatershortageandhydrologicalimbalanceWaterpollution第14頁/共38頁2.CurrentSituationandProblemsLowerreachesofNenjiangRiverLuanheRiverLowerreachesofmainsteamofYellowRiverHealthproblemsofimportantriversandlakesareserious.第15頁/共38頁2.CurrentSituationandProblemsHealthproblemsofimportantriversandlakesareserious.ChaganLakeBaiyangdianLakeHongzeLakeTaihuLake第16頁/共38頁2.CurrentSituationandProblemsTheproblemsofblackandodorousriversincitiesareseriousandecologicalfunctionisdamagedseverely.1861blackandodorousriversaredeclared,withatotallengthof47371km.Thenumberofseverelypollutedriversaccountsfor1/3.第17頁/共38頁DevelopmentandTrend3第18頁/共38頁2.DevelopmentandTrendOpinionsonprotectionandrestorationofwaterecosystem(Shui-Zi-YuanNo.[2004]316);

14pilotsofprotectionandrestorationofwaterecosystemThepilotofnationallakehealthassessmentreleaseshealthassessmentreportof6rives,4lakesand3reservoirs.OpinionsonacceleratingtopromotewaterecologicalcivilizationconstructionprintedandissuedbytheMinistryofWaterResources(Shui-Zi-YuanNo.[2013]1)InOctober,2013,theMinistryofWaterResourcesprintedandissuedGuidanceopinionsofMinistryofWaterResourcesonpromotingconnectionofwatersystemsofrivers,lakesandreservoirsFormulationofProtectionplanningofwaterresources2batchesofcitiesofwaterecologicalcivilizationconstructionTechnicalpreparationPilotexplorationFullpromotion-20042004-20152016-Comprehensiveplanningofwaterresources(detailedrulesofinvestigationandevaluationtechnologiesofecologicalproblemsrelatedtowaterOpinionsonprotectionandrestorationofwaterecosystem(Shui-Zi-YuanNo.[2004]316)OpinionsonacceleratingtopromoteecologicalcivilizationconstructionprintedandissuedbytheStateCouncilinApril,2015Preventionplanofwaterpollutionreleased

inApril,2015第19頁/共38頁2.DevelopmentProcessEcologicalmonitoringandhealthassessmentofriversandlakes1950s-1980sWaterchemicalassessment1980s-Waterpollutionassessment2000s-Assessmentonstandardreachinginwaterfunctionalzones

2010s-Waterecologicalhealthassessment第20頁/共38頁2.DevelopmentProcessGuaranteeofemergencywatercompensationandecologicalflow1998-Waterdispatchingandemergencywaterdiversion2000s-Planningofecologicalwaterrequirement2015-SupervisionandguaranteeofecologicalflowInDecember,1998,theStateCouncilapproved,issuedandimplementedAnnualdistributionoftheYellowRiver’savailablewatersupplyandregulationschemeofwatervolumeinmainstreamandDispatchingmanagementmethodofwatervolumeoftheYellowRiver2001-,Zhalongwetland2002,emergencywaterdiversionofNansiLake2005-,waterdiversionfromtheYangzteRivertoTaihuLakeComprehensiveplanningofdrainagebasinandPlanningofwaterresourcesprotection:officiallystatetheecologicalwaterrequirementtargetof183rives,265controlsectionsand44lakewetlands.Preventionofwaterpollution(Guo-FaNo.[2015]17)Enhancewaterdispatchingmanagementofrivers,lakesandreservoirs.Maintainbasicecologicalwaterdemandsofriversandlakes,andfocusonguaranteeingecologicalbaseflowindryseason.Determineecologicalflowscientifically.ConductpilotprogramindrainagebasinsoftheYellowRiverandtheHuaiheRiver,todetermineecologicalflow(waterlevel),asimportantreferenceforwaterdispatchingofdrainagebasin.第21頁/共38頁2.DevelopmentProcesswaterfunctionalzonesandpollutiondischargemanagementsystemwereimprovedIn2002,Article32ofWaterlawregulatesplanningandmanagementofwaterfunctionalzones.In2006,assessmentonstandardreachingofwaterfunctionalareainBulletinofChina’swaterresources

In2006,Calculationrulesofpollutantloadofwaterbodies

(SL348-2006)In2007,Technicalrulesforassessmentonqualityofsurfacewaterresources(SL395-2007)In2008,31provinces,municipalitiesanddirect-controlledmunicipalitiesformallyapprovedtheplanningofwaterfunctionzonesinitsadministrativearea.In2011,Partitioncriterionofwaterfunctionalzones(GB/T50594-2010)In2011,approvalofComprehensiveplanningofwaterresources,standardreachingtargetsandtotalamountofpollutiondischargeofmediumandlong-termwaterfunctionzoneswereclarified.2002PromoteestablishmentoftheredlineforpollutantloadcontrolinwaterfunctionzonesIn2012,TheStateCouncil’sapprovaloffunctionalzonesofimportantriversandlakes(2011-2030)(Guo-HanNo.[2011]167)In2012,TheStateCouncil’sopinionsonimplementingthestrictestmanagementsystemsofwaterresources(Guo-HanNo.[2012]3)In2013,TheGeneralOfficeoftheStateCouncil’snoticeaboutprinting,issuingandimplementingtheassessmentmethodofthestrictestwaterresourcesmanagementsystems(Guo-FaNo.[2013]2)

PlanningofwaterresourcesprotectionIn2014,Technicalschemeofassessmentonstandardreachingofwaterfunctionalzonesofnationalimportantriversandlakes(Ban-Zi-YuanNo.[2014]54)QualitymanagementsystemofwaterenvironmentPreventionplanofwaterpollution(Guo-FaNo.[2015]17):focusonimprovingwaterenvironmentalquality.。20122015Pollutiondischargecontrolinwaterfunctionalzones第22頁/共38頁2.DevelopmentProcessWaterecologicalprotectionandrestorationWaterconservationandcleaningofdrainagebasinConnectionbetweenriversandlakesaswellasecologicalwaternetworkProtectionandrestorationofimportantecologyComprehensivegovernanceofecosystem14pilotprogramofprotectionandrestorationofwaterecosystems2000-Pilotcitiesofwaterecologicalcivilization2013-Greatprotection2016-OpinionsonacceleratingtopromotewaterecologicalcivilizationconstructionprintedandissuedbytheMinistryofWaterResources(Shui-Zi-YuanNo.[2013]1)）InOctober,2013,theMinistryofWaterResourcesprintedandissuedTheMinistryofWaterResources’guidanceopinionsonconnectionofwatersystemsofrivers,lakesandreservoirsFormulationofPlanningofwaterresourcesprotectionConstructionof2batchesof104pilotcitiesforwaterecologicalcivilization第23頁/共38頁Measures4第24頁/共38頁4.MeasuresStrategicschemeofenhancingprotectionandrestorationofecologyofriversandlakes1Perfectthelegalsystemofwaterecologicalcivilizationandacceleratetoimplementmanagementofredlineofwaterecology2

Enhanceplanningandcoordinationmanagementofdrainagebasin

andimplementcomprehensivegovernanceofmountains,water,forest,farmlandsandlakes3

Constructanecologicalfriendlywaterengineeringsystemandgiveplaytothefunctionofprotectionandrestorationofwaterengineering4

Constructecologicalwaternetworksystemandimplementconnectionofriversandlakes5Conductwaterecologicalrestorationofkeyareas6

Guidedbywaterecologicalcivilizationcityconstruction,constructwaterecologicalprotectionpatternofharmonybetweenhumanandwater7Promotetechnicalinnovationandenhancesupervisioncapacity第25頁/共38頁4.Measures2Pilotprogramsofwaterecologicalprotectionandrestoration1Ecologicalwatercompensation3Governanceofcleandrainagebasinandcontrolofsources5Spongecityconstructionandremediationofblackandodorousrivers7Constructionofpilotcitiesofwaterecologicalcivilization6ConnectionofriversandlakesMeasuresandactionsforecologicalprotectionandrestorationoflakesandrivers8Formulatestandardsandcodes第26頁/共38頁1.Ecologicalwatercompensation—ecologicalrestorationofrivers4.MeasuresConductcomprehensivegovernanceandscientificinvestigationofwaterresourcesoftheYellowRiver,theTarimRiverandtheHeiheRiver,andhavegotsignificantresults.EstuarienwetlandoftheYellowRiverVitalityofEastJuyanhaiLakereappears.PopuluseuphraticaforestoftheTarimRiver第27頁/共38頁1.Ecologicalwatercompensation—waterqualityimprovementoflakes4.MeasuresGovernstatisticstatewithdynamicstate,reducepollutionwithcleanness,compensateshortagewithrichness,toimprovewaterquality第28頁/共38頁1.Ecologicalwatercompensation—restorationofecologicalwetland4.MeasuresZhalongWetlandNansiLakeBaiyangdianLake第29頁/共38頁★★★★★★★★★★★★★★WuhanGuilinLaizhouWuxiLishuiAcceptanceof14pilotprogramsforprotectionandrestorationofwaterecosystemsiscompleted.2.Pilotprogramsforprotectionandrestorationofwaterecology4.Measures第30頁/共38頁3.Governanceofecologicalcleandrainagebasinandcontrolofnon-pointsourcepollution4.MeasuresConstructionsystemofthreedefenselinesThefirstline:“ecologicalrestoration”

Thesecondline:“ecologicalgovernance”Thethirdline:“ecologicalprotection”EcologicalrestorationEcologicalgovernanceEcologicalprotection第31頁/共38頁4.Spongecityconstructionandremediationofblackandodorousrivers4.MeasuresRemediationofblackandodorousrivers第32頁/共38頁5.Connectionofriversandlakes4.MeasuresConnectionofriversandlakes:basedonrives,lakesandreservoirs,throughmeasuressuchasdredge,linkage,introduction,drainageanddispatching,thehydraulicconnectionbetweenrivers,lakesandreservoirsisestablishedorimproved.Builda“reasonablepattern,completefunction,bothstorageanddischarge,properintroductionanddrainage,multiplesourcesforcompensation,richanddrydispatching,smoothnessandbeautifulenvironment”connectionsystemofrives,lakesandreservoirs.Emphasisinwork:Payattentiontofunctionalrequirementsforconnectingdifferenttypesofriversandlakes,allocationofwaterresources,toconductfloodcontrolanddisasterreduction,protectionandrestorationofwaterecologicalenvironmentPreciselygraspregionalfeaturesofconnectionofriversandlakesineast,middle,westandnortheastPayattentiontoconnectionfeaturesatnational,regional,urbanandrurallevels.Guidanceopinionsonacceleratingtopromoteconnectionofsystemsofrivers,lakesandreservoirs.第33頁/共38頁5.ConnectionofriversandlakesConnectionofriversandlakesisanimportantmeasurethatcouldhelptheconstructionofpilotcitiescombinedwiththeurbanoverallplanningandmainfunctionalarea.In61pilotcitieswhichhavebeenapprovedfortheimplementationscheme,morethan200watersystemsconnectingriversandlakesareplanned,referringtoinvestmentofmorethan80billionYuan,whereinsomehavecommenced.Theprojectsaimingatconstructionofrivernetwork,facilitatingwatercirculationflowandecologicalwatercompensationaccountsfor40%;theprojectsaimingtoimprovewatersupplycapacityandoptimizeallocationofwaterresourcesaccountsfor7%;theprojectsaimingatcomprehensivegovernanceofwatersystemandsolvingproblemsofwaterenvironmentaccountsfor53%.4.MeasuresTheconnectionofriversandlakesinWuhanThelargestdomesticurbanwetlandwasbuiltup:healthywaternetworkpatternintegratedwithriversandlakes第34頁/共38頁6.Pilotcitiesofecologicalcivilization105cities(in2batches)havebeenincludedaspilotcitiesinthelistofecologicalcivilizationconstructionofMinistryofWaterResources.4.MeasuresConstructiongoal:pilotcitiestakewatersystemasvein,andsetfootinsystematicalgovernanceofmountains,water,forest,farmlandsandlakes,toconstructmodernurbanecologicalpatternwithcompletesystemandbalancedspaceaccordingtothetargetrequirementsforrealizing“circulationofriversandlakes,integrityofwatersystem,highwaterquality,diversityofecologyandinheritanceofculture”.Maincontentofecologicalcivilizationconstruction（1）Implementthestrictestmanagementsystemofwaterresources（2）Optimizea