生物專業(yè)英語詞匯d

d

Deathrate

theratiobetweendeathsandindividualsinaspecifiedpopulationataparticulartime.1精選課件ppt

Deoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)

anucleicacidcomposedoftwopolynucleotidestrandswoundaroundacentralaxistoformadoublehelix;therepositoryofgeneticinformation.Nucleicacidthatfunctionsasthephysicalcarrierofinheritancefor99%ofallspecies.Themoleculeisdouble-strandedandcomposedoftwostrandsinanantiparallelandcomplementaryarrangement.Thebasicunit,thenucleotide,consistsofamoleculeofDeoxyribosesugar,aphosphategroup,andoneoffournitrogenousbases.2精選課件ppt

Deoxyribose

five-carbonsugarfoundinNucleotidesofDNA.3精選課件ppt

Diabetes

adisorderassociatedwithdefectsinInsulinaction.糖尿病因其痛苦的癥狀之一而得名。此病癥聞名于希臘語diabetes，是動詞diabainein派生出的單詞，由前綴dia-“穿過，隔開”和單詞bainein“走，站”構(gòu)成。動詞diabeinein表示“跨過，走過或兩條腿分開站著”；因此，其派生詞diabetes表示“一個人叉腿站著”，或?qū)Ｖ浮爸改厢槪缥堋?。在diabetes使用“虹吸管”是表示排尿量過多的一種病的名稱。4精選課件ppt

Dicots

oneofthetwomaintypesoffloweringplants;characterizedbyhavingtwoCotyledons,Floralorgansarrangedincyclesoffourorfive,andleaveswithreticulateveins;includetrees(exceptConifers)andmostornamentalandcropplants.=dicotyledon雙子葉植物

monocotyledon單子葉植物5精選課件ppt

Digestion

theprocessofbreakingdownfoodintoitsmolecularandchemicalcomponentssothatthesenutrientmoleculescancrossplasmamembranes.6精選課件ppt

Digestivesystem

oneofelevenmajorbodyorgansystemsinanimals;convertsfoodfromtheexternalenvironmentintonutrientmoleculesthatcanbeusedandstoredbythebodyandeliminatessolidwastes;involvesfivefunctions:movement,secretion,Digestion,absorption,andelimination.7精選課件ppt

Dinosaurs

anyofthemesozoic(中生代的)reptiles.恐龍

Greekdeinos[monstrous]

Greeksauros[lizard]

8精選課件ppt

Diploid

cellsthatcontainhomologouschromosomes.ThenumberofChromosomesinthecellsisthediploidnumberandisequalto2n(nisthenumberofhomologouspairs).9精選課件ppt

Divergentevolution

thedivergenceofasingleinterbreedingpopulationorspeciesintotwoormoredescendantspecies.10精選課件ppt

Diversity

thedifferenttypesoforganismsthatoccurinaCommunity.

biodiversity11精選課件ppt

DNAhybridization

theformationofhybridDNAmoleculesthatcontainastrandofDNAfromtwodifferentspecies.雜交12精選課件ppt

DNAligase

inrecombinantDNAtechnology,anenzymethatsealstogethertwoDNAfragmentsfromdifferentsourcestoformarecombinantDNAmolecule.連接酶13精選課件ppt

DNApolymerase

inDNAreplication,theenzymethatlinkstheComplementaryNucleotidestogethertoformthenewlysynthesizedstrand.14精選課件ppt

Dominance

thepropertyofoneofapairofallelesthatsuppressestheexpressionoftheothermemberofthepairinheterozygotes.15精選課件ppt

Doublefertilization

acharacteristicofangiospermsinwhichapollentubecarriestwospermcellstothefemaleGamehyteintheovule.OnespermcellfuseswiththeeggcellandgivesrisetoaDiploid

embryo，theotherspermcellfuseswiththetwopolarcellstoformatriploidcellthatdevelopsintotheEndosperm.16精選課件ppt

Eccrineglands

sweatglandsthatarelinkedtothesympatheticnervoussystemandarewidelydistributedoverthebodysurface.外分泌腺ec=ex;crine=krinein[tosecrete]17精選課件ppt

Ecology

thestudyofhoworganismsinteractwitheachotherandtheirphysicalenvironment.Eco=house18精選課件ppt

Ecosystem

theCommunitylivinginanareaanditsphysicalenvironment.

19精選課件pptEcotype

asubdivisionofaspecies;astageintheformationofaspeciessuchthatreproductiveisolationhasoccurred.

20精選課件pptEctoderm

theouterlayerofcellsinembryonicdevelopment;givesrisetotheskin,Brain,andNervoussystem.外胚層derm=skin21精選課件ppt

Ectotherms

animalswithavariablebodytemperaturethatisdeterminedbytheenvironment.Examples:fish,frogs,andreptiles.冷血動物；變溫動物cold-bloodedanimaltherm=heat22精選課件ppt

Electronacceptor

amoleculethatformspartoftheElectrontransportsystemthattransferselectronsejectedbyChlorophyllduringphotosynthesis.PartoftheenergycarriedbytheelectronsistransferredtoATP,partistransferredtoNADPH,andpartislostinthetransfersystem.23精選課件ppt

Electrontransport1)aseriesofcoupledoxidation/reductionreactionswhereelectronsarepassedlikehotpotatoesfromonemembrane-boundprotein/enzymetoanotherbeforebeingfinallyattachedtoaterminalElectronacceptor(usuallyoxygenorNADPH).ATPisformedbythisprocess.2)coupledseriesofoxidation/reductionreactionsduringwhichATPisgeneratedbyenergytransferaselectronsmovefromhighreducingstatetolowerreducingstate.24精選課件ppt

Embryo

termappliedtothezygoteafterthebeginningofMitosisthatproducesamulticellularstructure.胚25精選課件ppt

Embryosac

alternatetermappliedtotheangiospermfemaleGamehytecontainedwithinamegaspore.胚囊26精選課件ppt

Endocrinesystem

oneofelevenmajorbodyorgansystemsinanimals;asystemofglandsthatworkswiththeNervoussystemincontrollingtheactivityofinternalorgans,especiallythekidneys,andincoordinatingthelong-rangeresponsetoexternalstimuli.外分泌系統(tǒng)27精選課件ppt

Endoderm

theinnerlayerofcellsinembryonicdevelopmentthatgivesrisetoorgansandtissuesassociatedwithDigestionandrespiration.內(nèi)胚層

28精選課件pptEndoplasmicreticulum(ER)

anetworkofmembranoustubulesintheCytoplasmofacell;involvedintheproductionofphospholipids,proteins,andotherfunctions.RoughERisstuddedwithribosomes;smoothERisnot.29精選課件ppt

Endosperm

afoodstoragetissuethatprovidesnutrientstothedevelopingEmbryoinangiosperms;formedfromthetriploidcellproducedwhenaspermcellfertilizesthecentralcell.SomeEndospermissolid(asincorn),someisliquid(asincoconut).胚乳sperm＝semen[精液]30精選課件ppt

Endosymbiosis

theorythatattemptstoexplaintheoriginoftheDNA-containingMitochondriaandChloroplastsinearlyEukaryotesbytheengulfingofvarioustypesofbacteriathatwerenotdigestedbutbecamepermanentadditionstotheancestral“eukaryote”.內(nèi)共生31精選課件ppt

Endotherms

animalsthathavetheabilitytomaintainaconstantbodytemperatureoverawiderangeofenvironmentalconditions.溫血動物，恒溫動物32精選課件ppt

Energyflow

themovementofenergythroughaCommunityviafeedingrelationships.33精選課件ppt

Energyofactivation

theminimumamountofEnergyrequiredforagivenreactiontooccur;variesfromreactiontoreaction.活化能34精選課件ppt

Enzymes

proteinmoleculesthatactascatalystsinbiochemicalreactions.35精選課件ppt

Epidermis

Theoutermostlayerofskinconsistingofseverallayers.epi-表“在…之上”。表皮36精選課件ppt

Ethylene

agaseousplanthormonethatstimulatesfruitripeningandthedroppingofleaves.乙烯37精選課件ppt

Eukaryote

atypeofcellfoundinmanyorganismsincludingsingle-celledprotistsandmulticellularfungi,plants,andanimals;characterizedbyamembrane-boundedNucleusandothermembraneousorganelles;anorganismcomposedofsuchcells.Thefirsteukaryotesareencounteredinrocksapproximately1.2-1.5billionyearsold.38精選課件ppt

Evaporation

thepartofthehydrologiccycleinwhichliquidwaterisconvertedtovaporandenterstheatmosphere.蒸發(fā)(作用)39精選課件ppt

Evolution1)

thechangeinlifeovertimebyAdaptation,variation,over-reproduction,anddifferentialsurvival/reproduction,aprocessreferredtobyCharlesDarwinandAlfredWallaceasNaturalselection.2)descentwithmodification.volu=volv=roll40精選課件ppt

Evolutionarytree

adiagramshowingtheevolutionaryhistoryoforganismsbasedondifferencesinaminoacidsequences.Organismswithfewerdifferencesareplacedclosertogetherwhilethosewithmoredifferencesarefurtherapart.41