IProcessofTranslation翻譯過程專業(yè)知識課件

Lecture2ProcessandMeansofTranslationI.

ProcessofTranslation（翻譯過程)TheProcessoftranslationconsistsoftwophases:comprehensionandexpression.Generallyspeaking,comprehensionisofforemostimportance,andexpressionisthenaturalconsequenceofthoroughcomprehension.i).Thorough

Comprehension

e.g.----三十周年齡念a)

30anniversaryb)

Commemorationofthe30thanniversary----黃河母親a)MotheroftheYellowRiverb)theYellowRiver,ourmotherii)Expression

eg.----Mr.Brownthinksthatfamilylifeisnotenoughwithoutfriendsevenitisfulfilling.布朗先生以為，沒有朋友旳家庭生活，雖然很美滿，也是不夠旳。----他長得黑黝黝旳，身材偏瘦而勻稱，而他頭發(fā)顏色淺淺旳，眼睛碧藍。He’sdarkandslim,andhe’sgotfairhairandblueeyes.Sophisticatedasophisticatedman

asophisticatedwoman

asophisticatedcolumnist

asophisticatedelectronicdevice

asophisticatedweapon

asophisticatedman老于事故旳asophisticatedwoman狡黠旳asophisticatedcolumnist老到旳asophisticatedelectronicdevice高度精密旳asophisticatedweapon尖端旳

II.MeansofTranslation（翻譯方式）

i)

literaltranslation(直譯)Theso–calledliteraltranslation,superficiallyspeaking,means,“nottoaltertheoriginalwordsandsentences”;strictlyspeaking,itstrives“tokeepthesentimentsandstyleoftheoriginal”.Ittakessentencesasitsbasicunitsandtakesthewholetext(discourse)intoconsiderationatthesametimeinthecourseoftranslation.Furthermore,itstrivestoreproduceboththeideologicalcontentandthestyleoftheoriginalworksandretainsasmuchaspossiblethefiguresofspeech..Successfulliteraltranslation

----armedtotheteeth武裝到牙齒----gentlemen’sagreement君子協(xié)定----Chainreaction連鎖反應(yīng)----Crocodile’stears鱷魚淚----紙老虎papertigerii)liberal/freetranslation(意譯)

analternativeapproachwhichisusedmainlytoconveythemeaningandspiritoftheoriginalwithouttryingtoreproduceitssentencepatternsorfiguresofspeeches.----Adam’sapple喉結(jié)----atsixesandsevens亂七八糟Literaltranslationandfreetranslation,however,arerelativeconcepts.Inotherwords,thereisnoabsolute“l(fā)iteral”,norentirely“free”versioninthepracticeoftranslation,andoveremphasizingeitherofthemwouldresultinridiculousconsequences.Ilovetigercat,…Britishmoviesonpublictelevision,fluffyblouses,thenuclearfamily…A)我愛虎貓，----（愛）電影上放映旳英國影片，有絨毛是短衫，關(guān)鍵家庭…(stifftranslation)B)我喜歡豹貓，喜歡公共電視臺播放旳英國電影，喜歡蓬松柔軟旳棉毛衫，喜歡一夫一妻旳家庭。TermsConcerning

TranslationStudies

Interpretationvstranslation.Accordingtothemediumbywhichtheinformationistransferred,translationinbroadsensecanbeclassifiedintointerpretation(oral)andtranslation(written).LiteraryTranslation

Literarytranslationincludesthetranslatingoffiction,poetry,dramaetc.Inliterarytranslation,atranslatorissupposedtopaymuchattentiontothelanguagearts.Totransfertheinformationisnottheonlypurposeofliterarytranslation,tocreateanequivalentformofartisalsoanimportantpartoftaskofthetranslator.Inthissense,atranslatorwhoisengagedinliterarytranslationissupposedtobeequippedwithnotonlyatleasttwolanguagesbutalsorelevantliteraryknowledge.Non-literarytranslationNon-literarytranslationarethosewhicharenotincludedinliterarytranslation,likethetranslationofsocial-science,scienceandtechnology,andothermoresubjects.Sourcelanguagevs.Targetlanguage

sourcelanguage----referstothelanguagefromwhichthemessageistransferred;targetlanguage----referstothelanguageintowhichthemessageistranslated.LiteralTranslation,

FreeTranslation

literaltranslation----atraditionaltermconcerningtranslationmethod.Itrevealsthetranslator’spreferencetotheformcorrespondence.

freetranslation-----atraditionaltermconcerningtranslationmethod.Itrevealsthetranslator’spreferencetothetransferofcontentinsteadoftheform.Inanotherway,itmaybedefinedasasupplementarymeanstomainlyconveythemeaningandspiritoftheoriginalwithouttryingtoproduceitssentencepatternsorfiguresofspeech.AnditisadoptedonlywhenandwhereItisreallyimpossiblefortranslatorstodoliteraltranslation.Transliterationtransliteration----Thetransferenceofsoundsfromonephonologicalsystemtoanother,butbecausethephonologicalsystemsaredifferentfromoneanotherandbecauseanyonephonologicalsystemmaynotbecompletelyphonemic,problemsinevitablyarise.CulturalContext

culturalcontext----thatparttheContextwhichincludesboththetotalculturewithinwhichacommunicationtakesplaceandthespecificnonlinguisticcircumstancesofthecommunication.CulturalTranslationculturaltranslation----atranslationinwhichthecontentofthemessageischangedtoconformtothereceptorcultureinsomeway,and/orinwhichinformationisintroducedwhichisnotlinguisticallyimplicitintheoriginal;opposedtolinguistictranslationEquivalenceequivalence----averyclosesimilarityinmeaning,asopposedtosimilarityinformDynamicEquivalence

qualityoftranslationinwhichthemessageoftheoriginaltexthasbeensotransportedintothereceptorlanguagethattheresponseofthereceptorisessentiallylikethatoftheoriginalreceptors.Frequently,theformoftheoriginaltextischanged;butaslongasthechangefollowstherulesofbacktransformationinthesourcelanguage,ofcontextualconsistencyinthetransfer,andoftransformationinthereceptorlanguage,themessageispreservedandthetranslationisfaithful.Theoppositeisformalcorrespondence.FormalCorrespondenceformalcorrespondence----qualityofatranslationinwhichthefeaturesoftheformofthesourcetexthavebeenmechanicallyreproducedinthereceptorlanguage.Typically,formalcorrespondencedistortsthegrammaticalandstylisticpatternsofthereceptorlanguage,andhencedistortsthemessage,soastocausethereceptortomisunderstandortolaborundulyhard;opposedtodynamicequivalence.□Exerci