2022-2023年四川省資陽市大學英語6級大學英語六級

2022-2023年四川省資陽市大學英語6級大學英語六級學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Whenyouaremeasuringyourwork,youshouldconsiderthatifthereissomeoneatworkwhoencouragesyourdevelopmentandtalkstoyouabout______.

2.

Overallsecuritycanbedamagedbyconflictsbetweentherefugeesandtheinternallydis-placedwhichcanberesultedinunfairprovisionof______tothem.

3.

Thewriterproposestousethesamerateforalltypesofmaterialandforallreadingpurposes.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

A"DIY"divorcemaytakeeffectin______afterthesimpleprocedure.

5.

Oneoftheadvantagesofusinghydrogenasfuelisthatafterbeinguseditonlyproduces______.

6.

Insituationsofarmedconflicts,ethnicorreligiousviolence,civiliansintheAndeanregionwhodon'twanttojointhe"right"sideareforcedtoleavetheir______home.

7.

DuringtheWorldWarI,millionsofAmericansoldiersformedthehabitof______.

8.Thispassagediscussessomeofthe______wehaveinstoreforus.

9.

Workingexperienceisnotasimportantasyourfirstimageontheinterviewerinthejobinterview.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

AlotofexperimentsconductedbytheUKgovernmentprovethattheappearanceof______.

11.

InMidland,showingnointerestinsports,LauraBushreadhooksjustfor______.

12.

TheicetonguegrowingoutfromtheGreenlandcoastusedtorejectsaltbackintothewater,making______heavierandhelpingittosink.

13.

Onceyoucan'tseeanyuseoutofthewordyoutakeatrandom,______.

A.trytotakeanotherrandomword

B.keeptryingtoconnectittothepresentproblem

C.lookforaproperwordtoyourproblem

D.replacethewordwithapictureoranobjectatonce

14.

Exploitinghydroelectricpowerresourcecancostbillionsofdollars,forhydroelectricplantsnormallyhave______.

15.

AccordingtotheAsiaFoodInformationCentre,to______candecreaseoverallcancerincidencebyatleast20percent

16.Whenyouaremeasuringyourwork,youshouldconsiderthatifthereissomeoneatworkwhoencouragesyourdevelopmentandtalkstoyouabout______.

17.

Whatispeople'sattitudetowardsamixtureofbloodbetweendogsandwolves?

A.It'snotencouraged.

B.It'sstronglyprotested.

C.It'swarmlywelcomed.

D.It'srespondedindifferently.

18.

Adepressedpersonmightfeelhopeless,helplessandoverwhelmedifheisinclinedto______oflife.

19.

Thecellphoneindustrysaysthatfuturecellphonescanprovide______basedonitsabilitytodetectitsexactlocationanywhereintheworld.

20.

In1924CivicClubDinner,sponsoredbyOpportunity,bringingblackwritersandwhitepublisherstogether,March21.Thiseventisconsideredtheformallaunchingof______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B6】

22.聽力原文：M:Howwasyourweekend?

W:Itwasawful.

M:Awful?Really?ButIthoughtyouweresupposedtobegoingonatrip.Diditgetcancelled?

W:No,unfortunately,itwouldn'tbeenbetterifithad.

M:Whatdoyoumean?

W:Well,fiveofusweresupposedtogotoChicagoinLisa'scar.

M:Yeah?

W:AndweweregoingtostayatSue'sparents'house,whichisinChicago.

M:Right?

W:Soit'saboutafour-hourtrip,andweweregoingtogetthereonFridayevening,spendSaturdaysightseeing,andcomebacklastnightsowecouldgotoclassesthismorning.

M:OK.Thatsoundslikeagoodplan.Sowhatwentwrong?

W:Whatdidn'tgowrong?Firstofall,wewereallcrammedintoLisa'stinycarwithallfourbags.

M:Soundsprettyuncomfortable.

W:Holdon.I'mjustgettingstarted.Rememberhowhotitwasthisweekend?

M:Yeah,ItwassobadIhadtogetoutofthelibrary.Iendedupgoingtothebeachbothdays.

W:Well,wewerestuckinLisa'scarFridayafternoonandtheairconditionerwasn'tworking.

M:Whydidn'tyouopenthewindows?

W:Wedid,butthebreezesblowinginweren'texactlycool.

M:I'llbetyouweregladtogettoChicago.

W:That'stheworstpart.Wenevermadeit.Marystartedfeelingsickfromalltheheat,soLisatrieddrivingfastertofindMarysomethingtodrink.Tomakea10ngstoryshort,thecarbrokedownandwewerestrandedtillthismorninginsomesmalltownneartheIndianaborder.

M:Couldn'tSue'sparentscomepickyouup?

W:Theywereoutoftown.

(20)

A.Aprilthisyear,3.

B.Marchthisyear,3.

C.Aprilthisyear,4.

D.Marchthisyear,4.

23.(36)

A.In4or5years.

B.Inoneyear.

C.In3or4years.

D.In36weeks.

24.【B9】

25.(24)

A.Theepidemichasbeenbroughtundercontrol.

B.Therearesignsofprogressinthepeaceprocess.

C.Greatimprovementsarebeingmadeinitscapital.

D.There'slittlehopeofendingtheconflict.

26.(26)

A.Sheisafull-timehousewife.

B.Shedoesnotcareforherchildren.

C.Sheusedtoliveinthesuburbsinherchildhood.

D.Shewillgotoamuseumnextweekend.

27.

【B2】

28.

【B9】

29.(35)

A.BecomingaUScongresswoman.

B.Addressinganationaltelevisionaudience.

C.Communicatingherideastocitizens.

D.Takingherspeechmakingtoanewlevel.

30.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

GrowingnumbersofGermansarebecomingaddictedtotext-messaging,aGermandoctorhaswarned,【B1】______therearesome380,000sufferersnationwide.PsychotherapistAndreasHerterbasedhis【B2】______onthegrowing【B3】______ofmanic(瘋狂的)mobilephoneusersamongpatientsarrivingathisclinicforaddictiontherapyinHanover."Textmessageaddictionisarealandseriousillnessbecauseitcausesmentaland【B4】______damage,"saidHerter,"theproblemleadsto【B5】______andpersonalitydisorders,nottomention【B6】______phonebills."Amongthemostextremecaseswereateenageboywhospent8,900euroscompulsively【B7】______peoplehedidn'tevenknowandamarriedcouplewhocouldonlycommunicatebytextmessaging,evenwhentheyweresittingsidebyside.

Accordingtoanewsurvey,Britainisalsobecominganationoftextmaniacs,andlosingtheartofconversationintothe【B8】______.【B9】_________________attheexpenseofface-to-faceconversations,thesurveyforBritishGastelecommunitionsdivisionshowed."Theconcernisthattoomuch'technotalk'【B10】___________________",psychologistDavidLewissaid.Thesurveyshowedthat【B11】_________________________.

【B1】

31.(34)

A.Heshouldshowrespecttotheinterviewer.

B.Heshouldshowconfidenceinhimself.

C.Heshouldbedressedappropriately.

D.Heshouldspeakenthusiastically.

32.聽力原文：M:Hello,Iwaswonderingifpostgraduatestudentsareallowedtousethecopymachineinthefacultyresourceroom?

W:I'mnotsure,butifyouleavemeyournameandnumber,I'llfindoutandgetbacktoyou.

Q:Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?

(15)

A.Showthemanhowtousethecopymachine.

B.Copythemessagefortheman.

C.Inform.themanaboutthepolicy.

D.Callthemanaftershetalkstothestudents.

33.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Thereisatimewhenjobseekerssimplywrotelettersofapplication."Justputdownyourname,【B1】______,ageandwhetheryouhavepassedany【B2】______,wasabouttheaveragelevelofadviceofferedtoyoungpeople【B3】______fortheirfirstjobswhenIleftschool.Tileletterwasreallyjustforopeners,itwasexplained,everythingelsecouldandshouldbesavedforthe【B4】______.Andinthosedaysoffull【B5】______the【B6】______worked.Theletterprovedthatyoucouldwriteandwere【B7】______forwork.Youreagerfaceand【B8】______repliesdidtherest.

Later,asyoumoveduptheladder,somethingslightlymoresophisticatedwascalledfor.【B9】______Italightbecalledtheaggressiveapproach.【B10】______.Oritmightbesomespecialfeaturespeciallydesignedforthejobinview.

Thereisnodoubt,however,that【B11】______.

【B1】

34.(28)

A.Becomesusefulorhelpful.

B.Getssomethingusefulorhelpful.

C.Fallsill.

D.Getshurt.

35.聽力原文：W:Ihearyou'retakinganadvancedphysicscoursethissemester.

M:Oh,IthinkI'vebittenoffmorethanIcanchew.

Q:Howdoesthemanthinkoftheadvancedphysicstohim?

(19)

A.Apieceofcake.

B.JustOK.

C.Abitbeyondhim.

D.Alittleeasierforhim.

36.聽力原文：M:Nosoonerhadwestartedthanitbegantorain.

W:Fortunatelywe'vegotourumbrella.

Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?

(17)

A.Theyhavetobuysomeumbrellas.

B.Theyshouldgobackandgettheumbrella.

C.Theyshouldstoptraveling.

D.Theycangoontraveling.

37.

【B10】

38.聽力原文：W:Ijustfoundouttheregistrationofthecreativewritingclassisfull.NowIhavetowaitanotherwholeyeartogetin.

M:Whydon'tyoucheckbackafterthefirstweek?Somebodymightdropit.

Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?

(14)

A.Sheshouldgiveuptheclass.

B.Shehastowaitanothertimeforregistration.

C.Shecancomebackforregistrationaweeklater.

D.Shecancomebacktoseeifthereisachanceafterthefirstweek.

39.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

聽力原文：ItisnoteasytotalkabouttheroleofthemassmediainthisoverwhelminglysignificantphaseinEuropeanhistory.Historyandnewsbecomeconfused,andone'simpressionstendtobeamixtureofskepticismandoptimism.Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed-andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.TheEuropethatisnowformingcannotbeanythingotherthanitspeoples,theirculturesandnationalidentities.WiththisinmindwecanbegintoanalyzetheEuropeantelevisionscene.InEurope,aselsewheremulti-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessfulgroupswhichbringtogethertelevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.

Clearly,onlythebiggestandmostflexibletelevi-sioncompaniesareabletocompetecompletelyinsuchahotly-contestedmarket.ThisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurviveinafactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworksnolessthan50%tookalossin1989.Moreover,theintegrationoftheEuropeancommuni-tywillobligetelevisioncompaniestocooperatemorecloselyinbothproductionanddistribution.

Creatinga"Europeanidentity"thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldcontinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice-thatofproducingprogramsinEuropeforEurope.ThisentailsreducingourdependenceontheNorthAmericanmarket，whoseprogramsrelatetoexperiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromourown.

ItisnoteasytotalkabouttheroleofthemassmediainthisoverwhelminglysignificantphaseinEuropeanhistory.Historyandnewsbecome【B1】______,andone'simpressionstendtobeamixtureofskepticismand【B2】______.Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedand【B3】______-andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasinthe【B4】______eventsinEurope.TheEuropethatisnowformingcannotbeanythingotherthanitspeoples,theirculturesandnational【B5】______.Withthisinmindwecanbeginto【B6】______theEuropeantelevisionscene.InEurope,aselsewheremulti-mediagroupshavebeen【B7】______successfulgroupswhichbringtogethertelevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkin【B8】______tooneanother.

Clearly,【B9】______.ThisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurviveinafactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworksnolessthan50%tookalossin1989.Moreover,【B10】______.

Creatinga"Europeanidentity"thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldcontinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice-thatofproducingprogramsinEuropeforEurope.【B11】______whicharedifferentfromourown.

【B1】

40.聽力原文：W:Exercise,exercise,exercise!Wehearsomuchaboutitthesedaysthateventheexpertscan'tagreeonwhichexercisesarebest.Nowsomedoctorsarestronglyencouragingarmexercises.

M:Armexercises?I'veneverheardofthat.Isthatbecauseourarmsaretoofatorflabby?

W:Actually,that'snotthemainreason.Theysaythatarmexercisesareanidealwaytobecomephysicallyfit.

M:Butdon'tarmexercisesraiseyourbloodpressure?SeemsI'vereadanarticleaboutthatbefore.So,that'srisky.

W:Notreally.Thattheydo,butthearticleIreadmentionedseveralwaysthatcancompensateforthat.

M:Really?How?

W:Byaddinglegexercisesothearmsdon'tdoallthework.Armexercisesalonearen'tenoughtoincreasemetabolismbeforefatiguesetsin.Themoreofabodythatinvolvesintheexercisethebetter.

M:Andinturn,I'msurethatthereisagreatchanceoflosingweight,right?

W:Soundsrighttome.

M:So,whatexercisesdotheexpertsrecommend?

W:Theymentionedquiteafew.Butsomeofthemorepopularonesarecyclingwithspecialbicyclesthatmakeyouusebothyourarmsandlegs,andwalkingvigorouslywhilewearingarmweights.

M:Soundsgreat.Imusttrythat.Youknow,Iliketowalkalot.

23．Accordingtotheconversation，whatisoneproblemwitharmexercises?

24.Accordingtotheconversation,whataretheexpertsnowrecommending?

25.Whatform.ofexercisedoesthewomanmention?

(20)

A.Theydon'tgetridofflabbyarms.

B.Theycandamagearmmuscles.

C.Theyaren'tacceptabletomostpeople.

D.Theycanraiseone'sbloodpressure.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.Companiescoulddirectlyborrowmoneyfromthefederalgovernmentthrough______

42.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

A.flexibleworkinghourssatisfiesboththeemployersandemployees

B.children'sopinionshouldbetakenintoconsideration

C.flexibleworkinghourshasbeenexistingfortoolong

D.thegovernmentismakingeffortinhelpingparents

43.

Accordingtothepassage,creditcardsarebigbusinessbecausecreditcardcompaniesmakeabigprofitfromboth______.

44.Accordingtothepassage,whendidHerakleionandEasternCanopusdisappear?

45.

Whatfoundbelowthewaterscouldshowthatthecitieswereoncethedestinationsforreligiouspilgrims?

46.

Amethodofcommunicationnotmentionedorintimatedbytheauthoristhe______.

A.classesofparents.

B.parent-teacherinterview

C.newtypeofreportcard

D.informaltea

47.(56)

48.

Theunderlinedphraseinthefirstparagraph"pillpoppers"mostprobablyrefersto______.

A.pillinventors

B.pilltakersandabusers

C.pillmanufacturers

D.pilldistributors

49.

【C3】

50.

WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph5?

A.Wal-Martshouldn'tberesponsiblefortheruinofthevision.

B.Thecityauthoritysetsouttoplanbuildings.

C.Thesurroundingsdtheancientsitearedirty.

D.Thehistoricinterestiswellpreserved.

51.Attheendoflastweek,BodegaAurrera,aMexicansubsidiaryoftheworld'sbiggestretailer,Wal-Mart,openedanewstoreinthevillageofSanJuanTeotihuacan,justnorthofMexicoCity.Normally,suchaneventwouldcauselittlestir.Wal-MartisalreadyMexico'sbiggestretailertoo.Anditsshopsseemtobeverywellwelcomedbyitsmillionsofbargain-hungrycustomers.Butthisparticularopeningwas,infact,theculminationofmonthsofprotests,legalactionsandhungerstrikesbythosedeterminedtostopit.

Thereasonisthelocation.Just2.5km(1.6miles)awayistheancientcityofTeotihuacan,probablyMexico'smostfamousarchaeologicalsite.Amongstotherattractions,itboaststhethird-largest(byvolume)pyramidintheworld.FormanyMexicans,theancientsite,abandonedbyitsmysteriousinhabitantscenturiesbeforetheSpanishconquerorsarrived,remainstheultimatesymbolofMexicanidentityandnationhood.ThousandstroopuptothetopofthePyramidoftheSuntocelebratethesummersolstice(夏至).

Tothem,theideaofhavingaWal-Martnextdoorisunbearable.InthewordsofHomeroAridjis,awriterandoneoftheleadingopponents,"itislikedrivingthestakeofglobalizationintotheheartofoldMexico."Thecontroversyisonlythelatestinastringofprotesters'attemptstosaveMexicanculturefromwhattheyseeasacreepingmenace.TheywonafamousvictorybyblockingaMcDonald'srestaurantfromopeninginthemainsquareoftheprettysoutherncolonialtownofOaxaca.

Butthistimetheywereonmuchthinnerground.Forastart,Wal-Martwentthroughalltheappropriateregulatoryrules,evengettingpermissionfromtheParis-basedInternationalCouncilonMonumentsandSites,whichjudgedthatthestorewouldcausenoharmtothenearbyruins.Asmallstoneplatform.wasindeedfoundduringconstructionofthenewcarpark,butwaspreserved.

Justasimportantly,theclaimthatthenewstorespoilsthefamousviewfromthetopofthePyramidoftheSunisclearlyincorrect,asanyonewhocarestogettothetopcantestify.TheproblemisnotsomuchinseeingtheWal-Martasintakingpainstodistinguishitfromthe30-oddotheruglybuildingsthatlitterthesurroundingcountryside.

Tothediehards(頑固分子),theissuecountsmorethantheview.Butneithermatteredmuchtothehundredsoflocalswhoqueuedupfortheopening,delightedtobefreedofthesmallandexpensivelocalshops.Despitealegalcasepending(懸而未決的)againstWal-Martandlocalofficials,broughtbyanirritatedlocalleft-wingpolitician,thisisonebattlethattheAmericanretailerhasprobablywon.

Whatisthecentralideaofthisarticle?

A.Wal-Martwouldcausefiercecompetitionwithlocalstores.

B.Astheworld'sbiggestretailer,Wal-MartattractstheMexicancustomerswithsuperbservice.

C.StoresareforbiddentoopenaroundthePyramidoftheSun.

D.TheopeningofWal-MartmusescontroversyinMexico.

52.

Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsareoftheopinionthat______.

A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

B.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth'sclimatetotakeeffect

C.theman-madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects

D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect

53.

Thebiggestriseinviolentcrimeoccurredin______.

54.Itisclearthathumanhistorywillend;theonlymysteryiswhen.Itisalsoclearthatifthetimingislefttonature(or,ifyouprefer,toGod)andhumanshangonuntilthebloodyend,therace'sfinalexitwillbeignoble(不光彩的).Iffuturegenerationsescapethesaurian(蜥蜴類)agonyofextinctionbyawanderingchunkofrockorice,thesun'sunavoidablegrowthtogianthoodwillstillburntheirlastsuccessorstoashes:onlycindersandgasesanddustwillremain.

Farfuturegenerationsmightprolongtheprocessbypostingcoloniesbeyondtheearth'sorbit,butthesewouldbesadoutpostsattheendofthesolarsystem'slongday,clutchingmemoriesofalostplanetandofbillionsofsacrificedsouls.Thedifficulties—fantasticdifficulties—ofinterstellar(星際的)travelmightbeovercome,butthemightiestofstarshipscoulddonomorethandefertheendoftheworld.Anignobleexistencehoppingfromplanettoplanet—clingingtoeachcloduntilit,initsturn,wasvaporizedorfrozen—mightstillbebearablewereitnotfortheknowledgeofitsfinaluselessness.Intheend,thereisonlydeathbygravityorentropy,thefieryquantum(量子)pitortheheatlessgreysoup.

ThegreatviolinistJaschaHeifetzwasgreatnotleastbecausehequittheconcertstageathispeak,beforetheshowbecamestaleortheaudiencedriftedaway.Toexitgracefullyissublime(美妙的),asHeifetzunderstood.Andonlyonespeciesiscapableofchoosingasimilarlygracefulexit;allothersmarchonlikerobots.Tocalltimeonthehumanracebychoice,notnecessity,wouldbethefinalvictoryofthehumanspiritoveranimalnature,anabsoluteemancipationfromthecommandofDNA.Preciselybecausenootherknownlife-form.coulddoorevenconceivesuchathing,humanitymust.

Sciencehasrevealedonlyoneplaceintheuniversethatishospitabletointelligentlife,andhumansaretheonlyintelligencethat,asfarasisknown,haseverenjoyedtheopportunitytooccupyit.Ifpeopleleftthestageafterareasonablerun,inthefullnessoftimeintelligencecouldevolveagain(dolphin-people?Chimp-people?orchid(蘭花)-people?).Andthen,induecourse,whenthisnewspeciesdeciphered(譯解)humanbooksorreachedthemarkerthatmightbeleftforthemonthewindlessmoon,theywouldknowthatmanendedhisdominionsothattheirsmightbegin.Imagine,then,howtheywillregardus.Itis,farandaway,thegreatestactofgoodnessevercontemplated,theennoblementofawholespecies;anact,almost,ofangels.

Accordingtothepassage,whatmightbehumanbeing'sbestchoiceforthefinalexit?

A.Leavingthetimingtonature.

B.Thesaurian-likeelimination.

C.Beingburnedbythesun'sheat.

D.Anexitdrivenbyman'srationality.

55.

WhatmadetheAmericanfilmindustrydevelopduringtheFirstWorldWar?

A.Thedrasticdropinimports.

B.ThepoorqualityofEuropeanfilms.

C.Thegrowingdemandforwarfilms.

D.Therapidgrowthofpopulation.

56.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Publicityoffersseveralbenefits.Therearenocostsformessagetimeorspace.Anadinprimetimetelevisionmaycost$250,000to$500,000ormoreperminute,whereasafive-minutereportonanetworknewscastwouldnotcostanything.However,therearecostsfornewsreleases,apublicitydepartment,andotheritems.Aswithadvertising,publicityreachesamassaudience.Withinashorttime,newproductsorcompanypoliciesarewidelyknown.

Credibilityaboutmessagesishigh,becausetheyarereportedinindependentmedia.Anewspaperreviewofamoviehasmorebelievabilitythananadinthesamepaper,becausethereaderassociatesindependencewithobjectivity.Similarly,peoplearemorelikelytopayattentiontonewsreportsthanads.Readersspendtimereadingthestories,buttheyflipthroughtheads.Furthermore,theremaybe10commercialsduringahalf-hourtelevisionprogramorhundredsofadsinamagazine.Featurestoriesaremuchfewerinnumberandstandoutclearly.

Publicityalsohassomesignificantlimitations.Afirmhaslittlecontrolovermessages,theirtiming,theirplacement,ortheircoveragebyagivenmedium.Itmayissuedetailednewsreleasesandfindonlyportionscitedbythemedia;andmediahavetheabilitytobemuchmorecriticalthenacompanywouldlike.Forexample,in1982,P&Gfacedasubstantialpublicityproblemoverthemeaningofits123-year-oldcompanylogo(標識語).Afewministersandcitizensbelievedthatthesymbolwassacrilegious(瀆圣的).Thesebeliefswerecoveredextensivelybythemediaandresultedinthefirmreceiving15,000phonecallsabouttherumorinJunealone.Tocombatthisnegativepublicity,thefirmissuednewsfeaturingprominentclergythatrefutedtherumors,andthreatenedtosuethosepeoplespreadingthestories.Themediacooperatedandthefalserumorwastemporarilyputtorest.However,in1985,negativepublicitybecamesodisruptive(制造混亂的)thatP&Gdecidedtoremovethelogofromitsproducts.

Afirmmaywantpublicityduringcertainperiods,suchaswhenanewproductisintroducedornewstoreopened,butthemediamaynotcovertheintroductionoropeninguntilafterthetimeitwouldaidthefirm.Similarly,mediadeterminetheplacementofastory;itmayfollowareportoncrimeorsports.Finally,themediaascertainwhethertocoverastoryatallandtheamountofcoverage.Acompany-sponsoredjobsprogrammightgounreportedorreceivethreesentencecoverageinalocalnewspaper.

Publicitycancoverlargenumbersofaudiencesinashorttimeanditscostsarelowerthan______.

57.

whatwerethemoralprinciplesthatparentsintheearly19thcenturywantedtheirchildrentoliveby?

58.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

AddisonHeardusesanimageofhiswifeandinfantsonforthebackgroundonhislaptop.AnMBAstudentattheUniversityofVirginia'sDardenSchoolofBusiness,Heardthinksabouthisfamilyconstantly.Butbecausehe'sawayatB-school,hehasexperiencedmuchofhisson'sfirstyearviaphonecallsanddigitalphotos.SaysHeard:"Ithasbeenparticularlyhard,notbeingtherewiththemeveryday."

Thiswashisfamily'schoice.Itdidn'tmakefinancialsenseforhiswife,Eden,acorporatelawyerinWashington,toquitherjob,selltheircondo(公寓),andmovetoCharlottervillewithherhusband.Sohewentalone.Inhisfirstyeareachspousemadethe200mileround-tripcommuteonalternateweekends.SincetheirSonwasbornlastMay,Addisonhasbeendoingmostofthedriving.

AscomplicatedastheHeard'ssituationseems,itisn'tallthat