環(huán)境設(shè)計城市與景觀畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯中英文

I.CityandTheLandscape(1)OverviewofLandscapeDesignLandscapedesign,first,isapeople'sthinkingactivity,performedasanartactivity.Diversifiedthoughtsformedcomplexdiverselandscapeartstyle.Contemporarylandscapedesignapparentlyseeisthediversityofthelandscapeforms,infactitsessenceistokeeptheclosinguptothenaturalordersystem,reflectedthemorerespectforhumanbeings,morein-depthperspectiveofthenatureofhuman'srealityandneed,nottotrytoconquerthenature.itisnotevenimitatingnatural,butproduceasenseofbelonging.Landscapeisnotonlyaphenomenonbutthehumanvisualscene.Sotheearliestlandscapeimplicationsisactuallycityscene.Landscapedesignandcreationisactuallytobuildthecity.(2)TheRelationshipBetweenLandscapeandUrbanCityisaproductofhumansocial,economicandculturaldevelopment,andthemostcomplextype.Itisvulnerabletotheartificialandnaturalenvironmentalconditionsofinterference.Inrecentdecades,withworldwidetheaccelerationofurbanization,theurbanpopulationintensive,heavytraffic,resourceshortage,environmentpollutionandecologydeteriorationhasbecomethefocusofattentionofthehumansociety.Inthecurrentenvironmentconditioninourcountry,theproblemisveryserious.andinsomeurbanareas,thepollutionhasquiteserious,andgreatlyinfluencedandrestrictsthesustainabledevelopmentofthecity.Landscapeistherelationshipbetweenmanandman,manandnature.Thisis,infact,akindofhumanlivingprocess.Livingprocessisactuallywiththepowersofnatureandtheinteractionprocess,inordertoobtainharmoniousprocess.Thelandscapeistheresultofhumanlifeinordertosurviveandtoadaptthenatural.Atthesametime,thelivingprocessisalsoaprocessofestablishningharmoniouscoexistence.Therefore,asacolonylandscape,itisastigmaoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnature.IIthecitylandscapeplanninganddesign(1)citylandscapeelementsTheurbanlandscapeelementsincludenaturallandscapeandartificiallandscape.Amongthem,thenaturallandscapeismainlyreferstothenaturalscenery,suchassizehills,ancientandfamoustrees,stone,rivers,lakes,oceans,etc.Artificiallandscapearethemainculturalrelics,culturalsite,thebotanicalgardenafforestation,artsketch,tradefairs,buildstructure,square,etc.Theselandscapeelementsmustofferalotofexamplesforcreatinghighqualityoftheurbanspaceenvironment.Butforauniqueurbanlandscape,youmustputallsortsoflandscapeelementsinthesystemorganization,andcreateanorderlyspaceform.(2)theurbanlandscapeintheplanningThecityisanorganicwhole,whichiscomposedwithmaterial,economy,culture,andsociety.Toimprovetheurbanenvironmentisacommonvoice.Thekeyoftheurbanlandscapedesignistostrengthenurbandesignideas,strengthenurbandesignwork.andblendurbandesignthoughtintothestagesofurbanplanning.Theoverallurbanplanninginthecitylandscapeplanningisnottoabandonthetraditionalgarden,greenspaceplanning,buttheextensionanddevelopmentofit.Botharenoconflict,butalsocannotbeequal.Inlandscapeplanningofcityplanning,weshouldfirstanalysistheurbanlandscaperesourcesstructure,fullyexploitlandscapeelementswhichcanreflectthecharacteristicsofurban.Considercarefullyfortheformationofthesystemofurbanlandscape.IIIecologicalplanningandurbanlandscape\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\therelationshipofurbanlandscapeandecologicalplanningLandscapeecologyisanewlyemergedcrossdiscipline,themainresearchspacepatternandecologicalprocessesofinteraction,itsthemeistheforkthegeographyandecology.It'swiththewholelandscapeastheobject,throughthematerialflow,energyflowandinformationflowingthesurfaceoftheearthandvalueintransmissionandexchange,throughthebiologicalandthebiologicalandtheinteractionbetweenhumanandtransformation,theecologicalsystemprincipleandsystemresearchmethodsoflandscapestructureandfunction.thedynamicchangeoflandscapehasinteractionmechanism,theresearchofthelandscapepattern,optimizingthestructure,beautifythereasonableuseandtheprotection,haveverystrongpracticability.Urbanecologicalsystemisanatural,economicandsocialcompositeartificialecosystem,itincludinglifesystem,environmentsystem,withacomplexmulti-levelstructure,canbeindifferentapproachesofhumanactivityandthemutualrelationshipbetweenthecityandinfluence.Urbanenvironmentplanningguidanceandcoordinationasamacrodepartmentinterests,optimizingtheallocationoflandresourcescity,reasonableurbanspaceenvironmentorganizationtheimportantstrategicdeployment,musthaveecologicalconcept.Onlytohavetheecologicalview,toguidetheconstructionofthecityinthefuturetoecologicalcitygoal,toestablishtheharmoniouslivingenvironment.Inrecentyears,landscapeplanninginurbanlandscapefeaturesprotectionandurbanenvironmentdesigniswideused.(2)landscapeinthelivingenvironmentofecologicaleffectLandscapeasaunitoflandbydifferentinlaidwithobviousvisualcharacteristicsofthegeographicentities,withtheeconomic,ecologicalandaestheticvalue,themultiplevaluejudgmentislandscapeplanningandmanagementfoundation.Landscapeplanninganddesignalwaysistocreateapleasantlandscapeasthecenter.Theappropriatehumannaturecanunderstandthelandscapeformoresuitableforhumansurvival,reflectecologicalcivilizationlivingenvironment,includinglandscape,buildingeconomy,prudentsexecologicalstability,environmentalcleanliness,spacecrowdedindex,landscapebeautifuldegreeofcontent,thecurrentmanyplacesforresidentialareaofgreen,static,beauty,Ann'srequirementisthepopularexpression.Landscapealsopaidspecialattentiontothespatialrelationshiplandscapeelements,suchasshapeandsize,densityandcapacity,links,andpartition,locationandofsequence,astheircontentofmaterialandnaturalresourcesasimportantasquality.Astheurbanlandscapeplanningshouldpayattentiontoarrangethecityspacepattern,therelativeconcentrationoftheopenspace,theconstructionspacetodensityalternatewith;Inartificialenvironmentappearedtonature;Increasethevisuallandscapediversity;ProtecttheenvironmentMinGanOuandtopromotegreenspacesystemconstruction.(3)theurbanlandscapeandecologicalplanninganddesignofthefusionofeachotherThecitylandscapeandecologicalplanningdesignreflectshumananewdream,itisaccompaniedbyindustrializationandafterthearrivaloftheeraofindustrialandincreasinglyclear.Naturalandcultural,designoftheenvironmentandlifeenvironment,beautifulformandecologicalfunctionsofrealcomprehensivefusion,thelandscapeisnolongerasinglecityofspecificland,butlettheablation,tothousands;Itwillletnatureparticipateindesign;Letthenaturalprocesswitheveryoneaccordingtodailylife;Letpeopletoperception,experienceandcarethenaturalprocessandnaturaldesign.(4)thecitylandscapeecologicalplanningthehumanizeddesign1."itiswiththepersonthis"designthoughtContemporarylandscapeinmeetpurposeatthesametime,morein-depthperspectiveonhumanofthenatureofrealityandneeds.Firstperformanceforciviliandesigndirection,applicationofnaturalorganicmaterialsandelasticcurveformrichhumanlifespace.Nextisthebarrier-freedesign,namelynoobstacle,notdangerousthing,nomanipulationofthebarrierdesign.Nowtherehavebeentheelderly,thedisabled,fromtheperspectiveofthesocialtendency,barrier-freedesignideasbegantogainpopularity,atthesametimefordisadvantagedpeopletocarryonthedesignalsoishumannaturedesigntooveralldepthdirectiondevelopmenttrend."Itiswiththepersonthis"theservicethoughtsstillbehaveinspecialattentiontoplantofbrightcolor,smellgoodplant,payattentiontoZuoJutextureandtheintensityofthelight.Thedetailprocessingofconsideratemoreexpressionoftheconcern,suchastheonlysteptoshopoftencausedvisualignoredandcausestaggered,inordertoavoidthiskindofcircumstancehappening,contemporarylandscapesitesdonotbeallowedunder3steps;Andassomeresidentialareaandsquareinthebushsetmoppool,convenientthedistrict'shygieneandwastewaterrecyclingwater."Itiswiththepersonthis"theservicethoughtsinmanywaysshowed,themeasureofthestandardishumanlove.1.1humanlandscapedesignconceptishumanlandscapedesignistopointtoinlandscapedesignactivity,payattentiontohumanneeds,inviewoftheusertotheenvironmentofthelandscapeofaneedtospreaddesign,whichsatisfiedtheuser"physiologicalandpsychological,physicalandmental"multi-levelneeds,embodiesthe"people-oriented"designthought.Urbanpublicspacehumanlandscapedesign,fromthefollowingfouraspectstounderstand:1.1.1physicallevelofcare.Humanlandscapedesignwithfunctionalandtherationalityofdesignintopremisecondition,payattentiontothephysicalspacereasonablelayoutandeffectiveuseofthefunction.Publicspacedesignshouldnotonlymakepeople'spsychologyandphysiologyfeelcomfortable,stillshouldconfigurationoffacilitiestomeetpeople'scomplexactivitiesdemand1.Thelevelofcaringheart1.2Daniel.Inconstructionmaterialformofthespaceatthesametime,thepositivepsychologyadvocateforuserswiththeattentionthatemotion,andthenmakethepersonplacetoformthesecurity,fieldfeelingandbelonging.1.1.3clubwilllevelofcare.Emphasizestheconcernofhumansurvivalenvironment,thedesignintheareaunderthebackgroundofurbanecologicaloverallplanninganddesign,tomaketheresources,energyrationallyandeffectivelyusing,toachievethenatural,socialandeconomicbenefitsoftheunityofthethree.1.1.4toacrowdofsegmentationclosecare.Advocatebarrier-freedesign,andtrytomeettheneedsofdifferentpeopleuse,andtoensurethatthegroupofmutualinfluencebetweenactivities,letchildren,oldpeople,disabledpeoplecanenjoyoutdoorpublicthefunoflife.1.2andhumanlandscapedesignrelatedenvironmentalbehaviorknowledgetheenvironmentbehaviorishumanlandscapedesign,themainresearchfield,payattentiontotheenvironmentandpeople'sexplicitbehaviorandtherelationshipbetweentheinteraction,triedtousethepsychologyofthesomebasictheory,methodsresearchersinthecityandarchitectureinactivitiesandtotheenvironmentoftheresponse,andthefeedbacktheinformationcanbeusedtoguidetheenvironmentconstructionandrenovation.WesternpsychologistdirkDEJoantoputforwardtheboundaryeffecttheory.Hepointsoutthattheedgeofspaceispeopleliketostayarea,alsoisthespaceofthegrowthoftheactivityarea[3].Liketheurbanspace,themarginofthewood,downthestreet,andtherainattheawning,awnings,corridorconstructionsunkenplace,ispeopleliketheplacetostay.Attheedgeofspace,andotherpeopleororganizationstodistancethemselvesareisbetterabletoobservethespaceoftheeyesandnottobedisturbed."Manseeth"istheperson'snature.Alargepublicspaceareexisting"themanseeth"phenomenon:theviewerconsciouslyorunconsciouslyobservation,inthespaceinfrontoftheallactivities.Atthesametime,someofthepeoplewithstrongperformancedesire,inpublicspaceinvariousactivitiestoattracttheattentionofothers,soastoachieveself-fulfillmentcheerful.Theseeminglysimple"manseeth"phenomenon,butcanpromotespacemoreactivitiesproduction.Forexample,forawalkofpedestriansmaybebusystreetperformanceandtojointheranksoftheshowattracts,withthestrangebecausetheaudienceisthesightoftheactivitiesofthewonderfulandshortconversation,artloversoftheinfectionbyenvironmentalatmospherebegantosketchactivities.Environmentaldesign,accordingtoenvironmentalbehaviorrelatedknowledge,activelycreateboundaryspaceprovidepeoplestay,rest,theplaceoftalkingtofacilitatemorespaceActivitiesofgeneration,therichvisitorssensoryexperiences2.ThedesignofthesustainabledevelopmentSustainabledevelopmentprinciple,itistheecologypointofview,tothecitysystemanalysis,andwiththeminimumtheminimalresourceconsumptiontosatisfytherequirementsofthehuman,andmaintaintheharmonyofhumanandthenaturalenvironment,guaranteethecityseveralcompositionsystem-toprotectnaturalevolutionprocessofopenspacesystemandtheurbandevelopmentsystembalance.Peoplearetolandscape'understandingofthecontemporarylandscapedesignandthefunctiontoreflect,havebeencompletelyoutofthetraditionalgardeningactivities,theconceptoflandscapeartvalueunconsciouslyandecologicalvalue,thefunctionvalue,culturalvaluehappenedrelationship,landscapeartcategorythanbeforemorepointedtothehumaniscloselylinkedwiththevariousaspects,becomemoreprofoundandscience.Contemporarylandscapealsoactivelyusenewtechnologytoimprovetheecologicalvalue.Suchastheuseofsolarenergyforsquaregarden,lightingandsoundboxequipmentsupplyelectricity;Thesurfacewater"cycle"designconcept,collectingrainwaterforirrigationandwaterscapeprovidesthemainresources;Usingtheprincipleoftheconstructionofthefootway,buoysthatenvironmentalprotectionlevelakissandinteresting.Andbyusingwaterscenedrought,landscapewaterdoecology(ecologicalwetland),ecologicalXiGou"halfnaturalchange"landscapehumanizedwaterscapedesign,avoidthemanualwatersceneisthedifficultyofthelater-periodmanagement,butinthewatersincethenet,purifyingenvironmentandpromotebiodiversityplayahugerole.Therefore,toexperiencethelandscapewillsurelyiscontainedtonatureandthetradition,tohumancompatibility.Theurbanlandscapetheprinciplesofsustainabledevelopmentandimplementationdetails:2.1theefficiencyoflanduseprincipleforlandtothesurvivalofhumansisoneofthemosteffectiveresources,especiallyinChina'slargepopulation,landresourcesareextremelydeficient,urbanizationrapidlyincreasebackground,thereasonableefficientuseofland,isthatweshouldconsideranimportantissue.Forthecitylandscapeisconcerned,howtoproductiveuseoftheland?Three-dimensionalisefficientlanduseisthemosteffectivemeans.Theurbanlandscape"three-dimensionaltotake"ideascontainsthefollowingsixaspectsofmeaning.(1)inthelimitedonland,asmuchaspossibletoprovideactivityplaces,formthethree-dimensionalmulti-layeractivitiesplatformlandscapeenvironment.(2)improveafforestationlanduseefficiency,inthesameland,adoptappropriatetonicheby,shrubsandtreesofco-existenceandco-prosperitybetweenthree-dimensionalplantinglayout.(3)tosolvethegoodman,forthecontradictioningreen,thegreenspaceandhumanactivityspacelayoutoftheinterchanges.(4)theupanddownorso,allsidesthree-dimensionalviewobservation,increasedthelandscapeenvironmentthevisualimageofthevisualrate.(5)fromthestaticlandscapetodynamiclandscape.6notonlyfromthetraditionaltechnologyofmoderntechnologytointroducemore(suchascrossingbridge,lightrail,electricrail,etc),showacolorfulthree-dimensionalspace.2.2energyefficiencyprinciplealongwiththerapiddevelopmentofurbanization,China'senergydemandismoreandmorebig,theenergygapalsomoreandmorebig.Inrecentyears,China'smajorcitieshaveputforwardthe"light"project,thepublicarealightingconsumptioninthegreatpower.Forenergyefficiencyintheunderstanding,firstfromtheconsiderationontheenergysavingshouldbenotonly,andshouldstandinthehigheroftheenvironmentalprotectionhightoknow,meaningthatmoreextensive,andmorefar-reaching.(formorethan70%ofgeneratingcapacityinChinaatpresentstillbycoal,existforSO2,CO2andnitricoxideandotherharmfulgasemissionsandcoaldustemissionsandaseriesofenvironmentalproblems)2.3plantwithanecologicalprinciplecitysystem,thegreenspacesystemisperfectornotofthecity'senvironmentalqualityplaysavitalrole.Perfectgreenspacesystem,toimprovethecitymicroclimateplaysanimportantrole,itcanrisetoimprovesmallregionaltemperature,airhumidity,windbreakandsand-fixation,purifyair,provideoxygenandsoonaseriesofecologicalchangetheroleofenvironmentalfactors.Urbangreenspacesystemasacityhumanimportantactivitiesoftheexternalspace,planninganddesignshouldnotonlyfromtheplantitselfonsystem,shouldthebroaderperspective,consideringapersontonaturetobecloseto,relyontherequirements,ontheonehand,satisfyingthepeople'sphysicalneeds,suchastherighttemperature,humidity,cleanairandsoonneed,ontheotherhandtomeetpeopleofthenatureoftheattachmentpsychologicalneed.Onetheonehand,tomeetthecityfunctionrequirements,ontheotherhand,willplaynaturalsystemspotentialextremely.Atpresent,thecityofplantswithexistingintheimplantthefollowingproblems:puttoomuchemphasisongreentechnologyandengineeringtechnologyofgardening,lovingfastforJane,formedonlysimpleso-called"Joe,flooding,grass"structure,ecologicalprocessisignored,fiercecompetitionamongplants,normalgrowthformwassuppressed,thediversityofthecommunityandstabilitysuffocatesuffocate,plantdiseasesandinsectpestsrampant,maintenancecostishigh,thewasteofhuman,materialandfinancialresources.Sointheurbandesignofplantswithplantshouldachievewhatkindofeffect?Itshouldbeasatisfyingthepeople'spsychologicalandphysiologicalactivities,meetthenaturalplantoftheself-improvementcirculationsystem,andmeetthemicrobe,plants,birds,andallkindsofclosetohumanbeings,animalsoftheecologicalsystem,andmeetthesoilandwaterprotection,airpurification,waterpurificationupmaximumadjustmentfunctionofthesystem.Toprovidemoreofaharmoniousandorderlybiologicalandstablehabitatsandmorelivingspace,establishmentcompoundlevelandbeautifulseasonofcolorinplantcommunity,citylandscapehasofferedonlylow-grademanualadministration,thelandscaperesourcessustainablemaintainanddevelop,thatisthegoalofourpursuit.Undertheguidanceoftheprinciple,citywithplantshouldconsiderthefollowingplantsdetailedrules.(1)eachcitygreenplantswithplanttoandurbangreenspacesystemmatch,andcityandthesurroundinglandscapeplantformthewholedynamicstabilityofthegreenecologicalsystem.(2)thezonalsimulationofthecommunitystructurecharacteristics,abideby"niche"principleandtoestablishasuitableafterlayercommunitystructure,usedifferentspeciesdifferentiationofniche,thecorrosionresistanceofindividualsize,theshadowofleaftype,rootdepth,nutrientrequirementandcontentofhouaspectsofthedifferenceintheplant,avoidthekindofdirectcompetitionbetween,formmutualisttotreesskeletonsJoe,flooding,grasscompositecommunitystructureandfunctionoftheunificationofbenignecologicalsystem.(3)theintroductionofnewvarietiesintheprocess,mustchooseandlocalclimate,soiladaptationofthespecies,forstabilityofthesystemisprovided.Inplantsandlocalizationofreciprocityandraw,underthepremiseofformingabiologicaldiversity.(4)fromplantsonthesystemitselfnotonlyshouldalsobeconsidered,theanimalscanbeclosetohumansurvivalandreproduction,suchasbirds.(5)withplantsintheplant,tomeetotherelementssuchashumannaturetotheneedsofthesunshine,theair,etc.6plantsinmeetits"niche"principle,andonthebasisofthelandscape,theplantshouldaestheticfeeling,meaning,rhythm,etctotheecologicalscience,toconsidertheheightofaesthetics,harmonious,andurbanlandscapeandform,combinesaesthetics.2.4totheprotectionofthenaturalcommunitiesanduseprincipleintheurbanlandscapedesignprocessoftenencounteredinoneofthemostimportantquestion,andthatisplanningonlandhaveverygoodnaturalcommunitiesorheaventhetree.Thesenaturalcommunitiesandheaventhetree,andafteratimeofbaptismandlonggrowthprocess,thusformingthebeautifullandscapeeffect.Landscapedesignshouldbeintheprotectionandutilizationoftheguidingideology,nottodestroythesetimetohumangift,wastednaturalelegance.Therefore,intheurbanlandscapedesign,thenaturalcommunitiestomeetorheaventrees,ourguidingideologyis:intheprotectionandutilizationofthebasis,fromaseriesoffunction,aestheticAngle,designcanreflecttheinfluenceoftime,historybeautifullandscape.2.5effectiveutilizationofwaterresourcesandecologicalenvironmentprotectionprincipleisabigsystem,includingland,air,waterandsunlight,plantandtherelatedunintendedconsequences.Waterresourcesastheimportantcomponentofthesystem,astheoriginofhumanbeingsandthesurvivalofimportantresources,ifnoteffectiveutilizationandprotectionwillseriouslyrestrictedtheeconomicandsocialdevelopment,andendangerthefutureofthehumanbeing.Ourcountryasalargepopulation,awaterextremelypoorcountries,intheeffectiveutilizationofwaterresourcesiswantonwaste,pollutionanddestructivetodevelopmentofwaterresources,increasedtensioninthewater,andcausethegroundsubsidence,thewaterflowbackwardandsoonaseriesofsecondarydisasters.Ourcountryatpresentthecitylandscapeofwater,themainortraditionalartificialgroundwater.Gardenworkers,openwatercar,withfirewatercannons,oflandscapeplantstocarryoutextremelyroughwater,andplanninganddesign,togroundwater,surfacewaterstoragewerenotthedesignofthesystemandthewatersurfacewaterquicklyfromloss,seriouswastewatertothe.Inthesquareofotherappreciationwater,oftenintapwaterfrommunicipaldirectaccessto,notverygoodforwaterleveldivisionanduse.WiththegreencoveragerateincreaseinthemaintenanceofwaterresourcesintheprocessofLiYongLiangismoreandmorebig,withpeopleallovertheworldtowaterresourcesutilizationandprotectionattention,andafteralongtimestudyandanalysis,generatesalotofeffectivemethod.Weintheurbandesignshouldgoodtouse.Athomeandabroadandtheuseofurbanwaterresourcesonthemainmethodsandprotectionfor:(1)theuseofwater.(2)ofraintotheplanninganddesignofthecollectionsystem.(3)theuseofwater-savingirrigationsystem.Basicallyhasthefollowingkinds:a.sprinklerirrigationtechnology;B.microsprayirrigationtechnology;C.rootirrigationtechnology.(4)theinteractionofthesurfacewaterandgroundwateruse.Throughtheaboveallkindsofwatersavingmethodsummary,designthesystemmethod,believetobeabletoplaywellwater-savingeffect.epilogueTheurbanlandscapedesignandtheecologicalplanningtightlylinkedismutualinfluence,mutualpenetration.Fromasmalllandmarkofthecitytothewholecityplanninganddesign,theneedfortheconnecttherelevantknowledge,andfromecology,humanities,local,psychology,sociology,philosophy,aesthetics,andotherdisciplinescontinuouslyresearchandexploration.Science,reasonableconstructionofurbanlandscapedesign.Landscapedesignserviceobject,itisthesociety.Peopleinthedesignexperienceandfeelinginthesameperformanceonthings,bereasonableplanningmustbefromunderstandingtheperson'spsychology,respecttheperson'sbehaviorto,thisisthefoundationoflandscapedesign,alsobetheimportantdetailsofcityplanning.Thelandscapedesignofanotherserviceobjectisnatural,musttheclimate,water,terrain,plantsandanimals,andbuildings,roads,suchfactorstoconsiderinmanandnatureoftheinteractionofthepremise.Symondssays:"theecologicaldesignonlyiseffectivelyrespondtonaturalprocessandandtheunityof."Thisisforourlandscapedesignhowtotreatcorrectlynaturalispointedout.Atpresentaboutthesustainabledevelopmentofthecity,fromresources,environment,economyandsocialpointofview,usingthemethodofsystem,analysisandresearchinthedevelopmentoftheurbansustainabledevelopment.Theurbanlandscapedesigntotheecologicalanalysis,isinthegeneralprincipleofurbandevelopment.Thisarticlethroughtointhefieldofurbanlandscapeanalysisandresearch,makewiththeprincipleofsustainabledevelopmentandpeople-orientedprincipleasthebasicecologicalplanningintheurbanlandscapedesigninspecific,technology,beoperable.Onlyinthiswaycanwetrulyachievethesustainabledevelopmentofurbanlandscapeandpeople-orientedpurpose,toestablishecologicalcityprovidetheguarantee.reference[1](English)Robertholden,theenvironmentalspace"[M]beldengroupanhuiscienceandtechnologypressChinaarchitecture&buildingpress1999[2]PengYiGang"Chineseclassicalgardenanalysis"[M]Chinaarchitecture&buildingpress1986[3]CharlesMoore,waiting.Reesetranslationofthelandscapepoetrystrandsofgardening-"[M]guangmingdailypress2000[4]Kevinlynch,waitandHuangFucompartments,etcinthetranslationof"overalldidn'tplan"[M]Chinaarchitecture&buildingpress1999[5]Roger,putthecrewe.LiuXianJiao"architecturalaestheticsoftranslation[M]Chinaarchitecture&buildingpress1992[6]thetimecase.RuiJingWeitranslationofthedesignwithnature[M]Chinaarchitecture&buildingpress19921城市與景觀1.1景觀設(shè)計概述景觀設(shè)計首先是一種人的思想活動，表現(xiàn)為藝術(shù)活動。多樣化思潮形成了紛繁多樣的景觀藝術(shù)風格，當代景觀設(shè)計從表象上看是景觀形式的多樣化，其本質(zhì)卻是不斷向自然秩序系統(tǒng)的靠攏，體現(xiàn)對人類的更加尊重，更深入透視人類真實的本性和需要，不是要試圖征服自然，甚至也不是模仿自然，而是產(chǎn)生一種歸屬的感覺。景觀不僅是一種視覺現(xiàn)象也是人性的視覺景象。因此這一最早的景觀含意實際上是城市景象。景觀的設(shè)計與創(chuàng)造，實際上也就是造城市、造建筑的城市。（二）景觀和城市的關(guān)系城市是人類社會、經(jīng)濟和文化發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物，又是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中最為復(fù)雜的類型，極易受到人為的和自然環(huán)境條件的干擾。近幾十年來，伴隨著世界范圍內(nèi)城市化進程的加速，城市人口密集、交通擁擠、資源短缺、環(huán)境污染、生態(tài)惡化等問題，已成為人類社會關(guān)注的焦點。就我國城市目前的環(huán)境狀況而言，問題十分嚴峻，在一些城市地區(qū)，污染已相當嚴重，極大地影響和制約了城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。景觀是人與人、人與自然關(guān)系在大地上的烙印。這實際上是一種人類棲居的過程。棲居的過程實際上是與自然的力量與過程相互作用，以取得和諧的過程，大地上的景觀是人類為了生存和生活而對自然的適應(yīng)、改造和創(chuàng)造的結(jié)果。同時，棲居的過程也是建立人與人和諧相處的過程。因此，作為棲居地的景觀，是人與人，人與自然關(guān)系在大地上的烙印。二