主謂一致講解及練習(xí)附答案

中國(guó)教育培訓(xùn)領(lǐng)軍品牌4/8主謂一致【考綱說明】1）掌握主謂一致三大原則：語法一致、意義一致和就近一致原則2）學(xué)會(huì)分析句式，排除干擾，分清主謂，明了句子的主謂關(guān)系3）本專題以單項(xiàng)選擇、單詞拼寫和詞形轉(zhuǎn)換的考查為主，分值為1—2分?！局R(shí)梳理】一、定義：謂語受主語支配，須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則和就近一致原則。二、語法一致原則概念：即在謂語和主語在語法形式上取得一致。如：主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但須注意下列幾種情況：1）以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Tostartsmokingisquiteeasy,buttogiveitupneedscourage.開始吸煙很容易，但是要戒煙卻需要勇氣。Readingislearning.讀書就是學(xué)習(xí)。Whatyouneedmostistohaveagoodsleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一覺?！咀⒁狻浚河蓋hat引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式。但若表語是“復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)”時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。WhatIboughtisthreeEnglishbooks.我買的是三本英語書。WhatIsayanddoarehelpfulforyou.我所說的和做的對(duì)你是有幫助的。2）由and或both...and來連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。JohnandAnnaregoodfriends.約翰和安都是好朋友。BothLucyandLilyarestudents。.露西和莉莉都是學(xué)生?！咀⒁狻浚河蒩nd連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別被no,each,every，every…and(every)…，each…and(each)…，no…and(no)…,或manya，manya…and(manya)…，morethanone,修飾時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenanewbook.每一個(gè)男孩和每一個(gè)女孩都給了一本書。Morethanonestudentisinterestedinthebook.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)這書感興趣。3）如果主語后接with,togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas,like,but,except,besides，including,nolessthan,ratherthan,asmuchas，morethan，等介詞短語，其謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。AnEnglishteachertogetherwithsomestudentshasclimbedtothetopofthemountain.一位英語老師和幾個(gè)學(xué)生已經(jīng)爬到了山頂。She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.像你和湯姆那樣她很高。4）不定代詞each,eachone，either,neither和由some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Eachofthestudentshasabook.每個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本書。5）“alotof（lotsof，plentyof，aheadof，heapsof，therest（majority）of，some（many，anymore，most，all等）of＋+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與of后面的名詞（短語）保持一致。Someofthesugariswet.有些糖是濕的。Mostofthestudentsinourclassareleague.我們班上大多數(shù)學(xué)生是團(tuán)員。Halfoftheapplesaregiventothechildren.一半的蘋果送給孩子們。6）“anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“Thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Alargenumberofbuildingswereburntdown.許多樓房被毀了。Anumberoftreesarecutdown.許多樹被砍倒了7）由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞（或代詞）”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與of后面的名詞（短語）保持一致。Twothirdsofthecountryisdryordesert.這個(gè)國(guó)家的三分之二的地方氣候干燥或者是沙漠地區(qū)。Twothirdsofthepeoplepresentareagainsttheplan.在場(chǎng)的三分之二的人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。Morethan70percentofthesurfaceofourearthiscoveredbywater.我們地球的70%的表面被水所覆蓋。8）如果主語是由“akindof,或this/thatkindof,aseries(aspecies)of，apairof等+名詞”構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。Thiskindofmenisdangerous.這種人是危險(xiǎn)的。IsthiskindofcarmadeinShanghai?這種汽車是上海制造的嗎？【注意】"these/thosekindsof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞"作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。Fifteenpairsofshoesaremadeeachday.每天能制作15雙鞋。9）某些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞（clothes，trousers,shorts,shoes,gloves...）作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Myshoeswerewornout.我的鞋子穿壞了。三、意義一致原則概念：意義一致原則，即謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語所表達(dá)的內(nèi)在涵義。用法：1）由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞，如果是指同一概念（即and后無冠詞），則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Themanagerandsecretaryisabsentatthemeeting.經(jīng)理兼書記沒有出席會(huì)議。Themanagerandthesecretaryarebusynow.經(jīng)理和書記現(xiàn)在都很忙。TheirteacherandfriendisMr.Li.他們的老師和朋友是李先生。2）表示總稱意義的形單意復(fù)的名詞，如people,police,cattle等作主語時(shí)，只當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)。Thepolicearesearchingforamurdererinthatmountain.警察正在山中搜尋一名殺人犯。3）表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.他離開家鄉(xiāng)20年了。Fivedollarsisenough.5美元就夠了。4）以集體名詞army,class,enemy,family,government,group,team，crew，crowd，A.hasgonetoB.havegonetoC.hasbeentoD.havebeento【2011四川資陽(yáng)】Eachofthegirlshere__________totheWestLaketwice.A.havegoneB.havebeenC.hasgoneD.hasbeen【2011烏魯木齊】There_goingtobeabasketballmatchthisafternoon.areB.isC.haveD.Will【2011廣東深圳】—He,togetherwithhisparents___goingtovisitShanghaiinJuly.Howaboutyou?—I'mafraidIhavetostayathome__.are;onmyownB.is,bymyselfC.is;bymyownD.are;onmyself5.【2011湖南岳陽(yáng)】ThereafootballmatchonCCTV-5atninetomorrowevening.A.willhaveB.isgoingtobeC.ishaving【2011廣東河源】Thenumberfoteachersinourschool_______greatlyincreasedlastterm.Anumberofteachersinthisschool______fromthecountryside.was;isB.was;areC.were;areD.were;is7.【2011齊齊哈爾】Thisismytwinsister,Lucy.NotonlyshebutalsoIgoodatdrawing.is B.am C.are8.【2011四川廣安】－Howmuchisthepairofshoes?－Twentydollars____enough.isB.areC.am9.【2011浙江衢州】Oneofmyfriends_______movedtoAmerica.Imisshersomuch.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are10.【2011湖北黃岡】—Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?—Either________OK,butIprefercoffee_______milk.is;withB.is;toC.are;withD.are;to11.【2011?貴州銅仁】Neithermyfathernormymother____rockmusic.Theythinkthatit’stoo______.A.like;noiseB.likes;noiseC.like;noisyD.likes;noisy12.【2011

湖南衡陽(yáng)】—DoyoulikeyournewT–shirt?—Yes.NotonlyIbutalsomymother________it.likesB.likeC.doesn’tlike13. 【2011山東】-Whatcanyouseeinthepicture? -Icanseeafarm.Andthere______alotanimalsonit.is B.are C.willbe D.Be【2011湖北黃石】Theheadteacherwithhisstudents_______TeanchengshanParkifit_______tomorrow.A.isgoingto;isn’trainyB.aregoingto;isn’trainyC.isgoingto;won’trainD.aregoingto;doesn’train15.【2011廣東】—David,there_____adictionaryandsomebooksonyourdesk.Pleaseputthemaway.—OK.Mum.I’lldoitrightaway.is B.are C.has D.Have16.【2011四川德陽(yáng)】–Physics_____moredifficultthanChinese,doyouthinkso?--Yes,Ithinkso.A.isB.areC.Has【2011上海】There__stillsomemilkinthefridge.It’snotnecessarytogotothestoretoday.A.amB.isC.areD.Be【課后作業(yè)】1.【2011四川綿陽(yáng)】Thenumberofbooksinthebookshopisabout10,000andanumberofthemaboutscience.A.isB.wasC.areD.Were2.【2011四川涼山】Tenminutesago,there_____aneraser,apenandsomebooksonthedesk.A.wasB.wereC.is【2011重慶江津】Thereonlyonedoctorinthehospitaltoday.A.is B.has C.have D.Are4.【2011黑龍江龍】Ican’taffordthecar,fivethousanddollars______toomuchforme.A.is B.are C.be5.【2011河北省】Therelotsofpeopleattherestaurantwhen1gotthere.A.isB.wasC.areD.Were6．Howtimeflies!Tenyears________passed.A.have B.has C.is D.are7．Notonlyhisparentsbutalsohisbrother________totheSummerPalace.Theyhaven’tbeenback.A.havebeen B.havegone C.hasbeen D.hasgone8．Neithermyfather________goingtoseethepatient.A.norIamB.norIare C.ormeareD.ormeis9．【2004包頭】Look!There_______playingwiththetouristsonYinheSquare.A.areanumberofdeerB.areanumberofdeers C.isanumberofdeer D.isanumberofdeers10．Thenumberof________inourclass________fifty.A.student,isB.thestudents,areC.thestudents,isD.students,are11．Thenumberofthestudentsinourclass_____54.A.is B.are

C.has

D.have12．NotonlyIbut