2022-2023年湖北省荊門(mén)市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)測(cè)試卷(含答案)

2022-2023年湖北省荊門(mén)市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)測(cè)試卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Thepurposeofthisadvertisementis______.

2.

Despitemultipleauthors,thebookis______throughoutthetext.

3.

BasedonMs.Fay'sadvice,weknowthatanemergingspecialtywithstronggrowthinjobsexpectedmightbe______.

4.

WorkbyEbbinghaushighlightedthat______werelostfrommemoryinhis"forgettingcurve"study.

5.Underyourdurablepowerattorney,ifyouareunable,apersoncanbegiventheauthorityto______.

6.

Anotherbenefitofgroupactivitiesisthatprofessionalguidanceinthegroupcanhelpcureobesity,diabetes,andarthritis.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.AccordingtoBobbyPeck,targetingthecompanieswouldbedifficultasitwouldbenear-impossibletoprovethatillnessessufferedwerecausedby______.

8.

Thepassageismainlyabout______oncuttingdownonit.

9.

Throughreadingthisarticle,wecanconcludethattheauthorisa(n)______person.

10.Thesecondparagraphmainlyindicatesthat______.

A.notesandcoinsplayalessimportantrolethanbefore

B.cashstilldominatestheeconomiclifeinthesociety

C.wedon'tneedasmuchmoneyinflowasgoodsvalue

D.therearemanyinconveniencesincashtransactions

11.Earbud-relatedhearinglosssufferedbypeoplewho______.

A.developthetypeofhearinglosslikemucholderadults

B.exposethemselvestomusicforlongerperiodsoftime

C.useportableplayersmoretimeandturnupthevolume

D.spendmuchmoretimelisteningtotheirmusicplayers

12.

Whenyou'reweighttraining,thequalificationsofinstructorsareimportantbecauseinjuriesmightbecausedby______.

13.

TsunamiwarningcentersinJapan,Kamchatka,Alaska,Hawaii,FrenchPolynesia,andChilearesetupinordertoissuewarningsabouttsunamisthat______.

14.

AccordingtoAnnieStevens,manynewlyrecruitedmanagersfailinanewjobbecausetheycannotgetalongwiththeircoworkers.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatwemayhave______toworkonthebigprojectweareundertakingifsomeoneelsegetstheknowledgeaboutwhatweredoing.

16.Theauthor'sexperienceinBangkokshowsthat______.

A.therestoftheworldprovestobeextremelyrisky

B.peopleshouldnotbeafraidofvisitingothercountries

C.thelocalsareunawareofthesecretpoliticalprotests

D.thenewshelpspeoplestayawayfromdangerousplaces

17.Recessions

OnNovember26,2001,thenewsmediaannouncedtheUnitedStateswasofficiallyinarecession,andhadbeensinceMarch.TomostAmericans,thiswasn'tallthatsurprising:Risingunemploymentandaweakstockmarkethadbeeninthenewsformonths.

MoneyMakestheWorldGoRound

Arecessionisaprolongedperiodoftimewhenanation'seconomyisslowingdown,orcontracting;Suchaslowdownischaracterizedbyanumberofdifferenttrends,including:

-Peoplebuyinglessstuff

-Decreaseinfactoryproduction

-Growingunemployment

-Slumpinpersonalincome

-Anunhealthystockmarket

-Bytheconventionaldefinition,thisslow-downhastocontinueforatleastsixmonthstobeconsideredarecession.

Thisdefinitionreallyraisesmorequestionsthanitanswers.Whatdoesitmeanfortheeconomytoslowdown?Whydoesthishappen?Andwhatexactlyis"theeconomy"?

PeopletalkabouttheU.S.economyasanindependententity,butitisactuallytheresultofmillionsofpeople'sactions.Youcanunderstandthebasicideaoftheconnectionbetweenpeople'sactionsandtheoveralleconomybylookingatonlyafewbasicconcepts:producers,consumers,markets,supplyanddemand.

ProducersandConsumers

Broadlyspeaking,anation'seconomyistheproductionandconsumptionofgoodsandservicesinthatnation.Anybodyproducingorconsumingthingsinacountryplayssomeroleintheeconomy.

Productionandconsumptionareintertwined.Inorderforpeopletoconsumethings,someonehastoproducethosethings.Andinordertoproducethings,youneedtoconsumethings(youneedtoconsumenaturalresourcesandpeople'slabor,forexample).

Markets

Inamarketeconomy,oramodifiedmarketeconomysuchastheU.S.economy,productionandconsumptionareconnectedinvarious"markets."Amarketissimplyaplacewhereconsumerscangotobuythingsfromproducersandproducerscangotosellthingstoconsumers.

Agrocerystoreisanexampleofaphysicalmarket.Peoplewhowanttoconsumefoodgotothegrocerystoreandbuyitfromproducersthroughaseriesofmiddlemen.Thestoreitselfisoneofthemiddlemen,andthereareusuallyothersalongtheway(distributioncompanies,forexample).Thelabormarketisamoreabstractsortofmarket.Inthismarket,businesseswhowanttoconsumeworkpaypeopletoproducelabor.Inthestockmarket,consumersandproducersbuyandsellpercentagesofownershipofcompanies.

Asyoucansee,almosteverybodyisbothaproducerandaconsumeractinginmorethanonemarket.Ifyouhaveajob,youareaproduceroflabor.Wheneveryougoshopping,youareaconsumerofgoods.

SupplyandDemand

Theultimategoalofproducersistomakemoney—tobringinmoremoneythantheyspentproducingtheproduct.Consumersmaywanttosatisfytheirwantsandneedsbybuyingproducts,ortheymaybuyproductsinordertomakemoney(byresellingtheproductsorbyusingtheproductstoproduceotherproducts).Inanycase,consumersgenerallywanttopayaslittleforgoodsandservicesastheycan.

Inamarket,theactionsofproducersandconsumersdeterminethevalueofgoodsandservices.Producersaretheoneswhoactuallysetprices,buttheydosobasedonthebehavior.ofconsumers.Ifnobodybuysaproductataparticularprice,theproducerknowsthepriceistoohigh.Ifsomeconsumersbuyit,butnotenoughtobuyeverythingproduced,producersmusteitherdecreasethepriceordecreasethesupply.Thewillingnessofconsumerstopayforproductsisknownasdemand.Evenifthereisconstanthighdemandforaproduct(toiletpaper,forexample),individualproducersneedtokeepthepricedownorconsumerswilljustbuy

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

Itisdifficulttopredictthestrongregionalvariationsinthepatternsof______.

19.

ThenegotiationsinAsiashouldbetterbestartedbyonepersonandcompletedby______ifpossible.

20.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

OnFriendship

FewAmericansstayput(固定不動(dòng)的)foralifetime.Wemovefromtowntocitytosuburb,fromhighschooltocollegeindifferentstates,fromajobinoneregiontoabetterjobelsewhere,fromthehomewhereweraiseourchildrentothehomewhereweplantoliveinretirement.Witheachmoveweareforevermakingnewfriends,whobecomepartofournewlifeatthattime.

Formanyofusthesummerisaspecialtimeforformingnewfriendships.TodaymillionsofAmericansvacationabroadandtheygonotonlytoseenewsightsbutalso—inthoseplaceswheretheydonotfeeltoostrange—withthehopeofmeetingnewpeople.Noonereallyexpectsavacationtriptoproduceaclosefriend.Butsurelythebeginningofafriendshipispossible?Surelyineverycountrypeoplevaluefriendship?

Theydo.Thedifficultywhenstrangersfromtwocountriesmeetisnotalackofappreciationoffriendship,butdifferentexpectationsaboutwhatconstitutesfriendshipandhowitcomesintobeing.InthoseEuropeancountriesthatAmericansaremostlikelytovisit,friendshipisquitesharplydistinguishedfromother,morecasualrelations,andisdifferentlyrelatedtofamilylife.ForaFrenchman,aGermanoranEnglishmanfriendshipisusuallymoreparticularizedandcarriesaheavierburdenofcommitment.

Butasweusetheword,"friend"canbeappliedtoawiderangeofrelationshipstosomeoneonehasknownforafewweeksinanewplace,toaclosebusinessassociate,toachildhoodplaymate,toamanorwoman,toatrustedconfidant(心腹朋友).TherearerealdifferencesamongtheserelationsforAmericansafriendshipmaybesuperficial,casual,situationalordeepandenduring.ButtoaEuropean,whoseesonlyoursurfacebehavior,thedifferencesarenotclear.

Astheyseeit,peopleknownandacceptedtemporarily,casually,flowinandoutofAmericans'homeswithlittleceremonyandoftenwithlittlepersonalcommitment.Theymaybeparentsofthechildren'sfriends,houseguestsofneighbors,membersofacommittee,businessassociatesfromanothertownorevenanothercountry.ComingasaguestintoanAmericanhome,theEuropeanvisitorfindsnovisiblelandmarks.Theatmosphereisrelaxed.Mostpeople,oldandyoung,arecalledbyfirstnames.

Frenchfriendship

Who,then,isafriend?Evensimpletranslationfromonelanguagetoanotherisdifficult,"Yousee,"aFrenchmanexplains,"ifIweretosaytoyouinFrance,'Thisismygoodfriend,'thatpersonwouldnotbeasclosetomeassomeoneaboutwhomIsaidonly'Thisismyfriend.'AnyoneaboutwhomIhavetosaymoreisreallyless.

InFrance,asinmanyEuropeancountries,friendsgenerallyareofthesamesex,andfriendshipisseenasbasicallyarelationshipbetweenmen.Frenchwomenlaughattheideathat"womencan'tbefriends,"buttheyalsoadmitsometimesthatforwomen"It'sadifferentthing."AndmanyFrenchpeopledoubtthepossibilityofafriendshipbetweenamanandawoman.Thereisalsothekindofrelationshipwithinagroup—menandwomenwhohaveworkedtogetherforalongtime,whomaybeveryclose,sharinggreatloyaltyandwarmthoffeeling.Theymaycalloneanother—copains—awordthatinEnglishbecomes"friends"buthasmorethefeelingof"pals"or"buddies".InFrencheyesthisisnotfriendship,althoughtwomembersofsuchagroupmaywellbefriends.

&n

A.ItmakesAmericanscherishfriendshipverymuch.

B.ItmakesAmericanschangefriendsfromtimetotime.

C.ItmakesAmericansemotionallyindependentofeachother.

D.ItmakesAmericanscaremoreaboutfamilythanfriends.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(25)

A.BringDonthehomeworkthatwasduetoday.

B.TeachDon'sclasswhilehe'sabsent.

C.GiveProfessorWebsterthekeytoDon'soffice.

D.LeaveamessageontheboardinDon'sclassroom.

22.(19)

A.Thebossisoftenlateforwork.

B.Thebosswillprobablydisciplinethewoman.

C.Thebossmaydisregardthewoman'slateness.

D.Thebossdidn'tknowthewomanwaslateagain.

23.(32)

A.Theproblemofthecity.

B.Himselfandhisproblems.

C.Thingshehadplannedtosaytohisaudience.

D.Theplanforhisfutureworkasamayor.

24.(22)

A.Buyanewwatch.

B.Gotobedearlier.

C.Seeadoctor.

D.Changehisjob.

25.

【B3】

26.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽(tīng)力原文：TheAmericanCivilWarbeganonApril12,1861inSouthCarolina.Thewartookmorethan600,000lives,destroyedpropertyvaluedat$5billionandbroughtfreedomto4millionblackslaves.

InNovember,1860,AbrahamLincolnwaselectedthe16thPresidentoftheUnitedStates.SinceLincolnhadbecomewellknownthroughoutthecountryforhisanti-slaveryviews,hiselectioncausedapanicamongtheslaveownersintheSouth.EarlyinFebruary,1861,sevenstatesthatsecededfromtheUnionformedtheConfederateStatesofAmerica,withJeffersonDavisasPresident.SoshortlyafterLincolnhadtakenoffice,itwasdecidedbyhisCabinetthattheUnionwastobekeptbyforce.

Thewarwentonfor4bitteryears,withupsanddownsonbothsides.Inmanpower,wealth,andresources,theNorthwasmuchstronger.Thesouth,however,hadbettergeneralsandabettermilitaryposition.So,thefirsttwoyearsoftheCivilwarwentbadlyfortheNorth.Itwasnotuntilthesummerof1863thattheUniontroopsbegantowindecisivevictoriesonthebattlefields.OnJuly1,1863,theConfederatesmettheUnionarmyatthelittletownofGettysburginsouthernPennsylvania.Afterthreedaysoffighting,thesouthernforcesweakenedandwereforcedtoretreat.TheBattleofGettysburghasbeencalledtheturningpointofthewar.FinallytheConfederatearmyhadtosurrender,endingthewarinMay,1865.Asaresultofthewar,slaverywasabolishedandtheUnionwaskept.

(27)

A.$600,000.B.$4,000,000.C.$5,000,000.D.$5,000,000,000.

27.(29)

A.Itwasestablishedin1992.

B.Itisagreatwaytostarthelpingthewildlife.

C.Ithas30,000members.

D.Itteacheskidstobeenvironmentallyfriendly.

28.(16)

A.Themanshouldlearnmorethanthreeclasses.

B.ThemanshouldattendFrenchclass.

C.Themanisattendingtoomanyclasses.

D.Themanisbitingmorebreadthanhecanchew.

29.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Nottogohomeforspringvacation.

B.Nottotakeavacation.

C.Nottograduate.

D.NottogohomeaftergraduationinMay.

30.(36)

A.Cancerscausedbyinfectionsaremorecommon.

B.Theycanhardlybeprevented.

C.Therewillaseventeenpercentincreaserateincancers.

D.Theyresultfromsmoking.

31.聽(tīng)力原文：M：Thesolarsystemissobigthatevenlightwouldtakeabouttwelvehourstotravelacrossit.

W：SofarasIknow，it'snocomparisonwiththegreatbear.

Q：Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

(16)

A.Thesolarsystemisabitsmallerthanthegreatbear.

B.Thesolarsystemisbiggerthanthegreatbear.

C.Thesolarsystemismuchsmallerthanthegreatbear.

D.Thesolarsystemisasbigasthegreatbear.

32.(21)

A.Hedidn'texpecttobuyalot.

B.Hehadonlyonebagofgroceries.

C.Thesupermarketisjustdowntheblock.

D.Hethoughthe'dgetaridewiththeKramers.

33.聽(tīng)力原文：M:So,Rebecca,whatdidyoudoforspringbreak?

W:IwenttosouthernCalifornia.IwasinLosAngelesandSanDiego.Oh,andIstoppedinSanJuanCapistrano.That'ssouthofLosAngelesandnorthofSanDiego.Ihappenedtobetherejustaboutthetimetheswallowsreturned.

M:Oh,I'veheardaboutthattheyalwaysreturnonthesameday,don'tthey?

W:That'sright,onMarch19th.Andtheyalwaysflyawayonthesameday,October23rd.Inthemeantime,theymigrateover7,000milestogettotheirwinterhomes.

M:Seventhousandmiles,imagine!Andalwayscomingbackonthesameday!

W:Yes,exceptforoneyear,alongtimeago,theyweredelayedforadaybyastormatsea.

M:So,what'sthetownofSanJuanCapistranolike?

W:Oh,it'sapleasantlittletown.Oncetherewasafamousmissionchurchthere.

M:Once?Whathappenedtoit?

W:Itwasdestroyedbyanearthquakealmosttwohundredyearsago.Butthereisanoldadobechurchthatsurvived.Theswallowsbuildtheirnestsinthewallsandtowersofthatchurch.

M:Yousurewereluckytobethereontheonedayoftheyearwhentheswallowsreturn.

W:Well,Iwasn'tthereexactlyonthatday.Igottotownacoupleofdayslater,butIdidseetheparadecelebratingtheswallowsreturn.

M:Theyhaveaparade?Thepeopletheremustreallylikethoseswallows.

W:Sure,theybringlotsoftouriststotown,andbesides,theswallowseatinsects,includingmosquitoes!

(23)

A.NorthofLosAngeles.

B.BetweenLosAngelesandSanDiego.

C.EastofSanDiego.

D.LosAngeles.

34.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Thesummerholidayiscoming,butIreallydon'tknowwhattodo.Theredoesn'tseemtobeanyjobsavailable.

W:Whydon'tyoutryhouse-sitting?LastsummerCindywasahousesitterfortheSmithswhentheywentawayonvacation.TheyhiredCindytostayintheirhousebecausetheydidn'twantitleftempty.

M:YoumeantheypaidCindyjusttoliveintheirhouse?

W:Itwasn'tthateasy.Shehadtowaterthehouseplants,mowthelawn,andeventakecareofthepets.

M:Iguessitisalittlelikebaby-sitting,exceptyou'retakingcareofahouseinsteadofchildren.

W:Thestudentemploymentofficestillhasafewjobsposted.

M:DoIjusthavetofilloatanapplication?

W:Youhavetohaveaninterviewwiththehomeownerandprovidethreereferencesatleast.

M:Thatseemslikealotoftroubleforasummerjob.

W:Well,thehomeownerwantssomeguaranteethattheycantrustthehousesitter.Youknowtheywanttomakesureyou'renotthetypewho'llholdwildpartiesintheirhouse,orbringagroupoffriendsinwithyou.

M:Isee.Housesitterswhodothatsortofthingprobablyaren'tpaidthen.

W:Usuallythey'repaidanywayjustbecausethehomeownersdon'twanttomakeafuss.Butifthehomeownerreportsit,thehousesitterwon'tbeabletogetanotherjobeasily.Sowhydon'tyouapply?

M:IthinkIwill.Thankyou.

(20)

A.Theylefttheirpetswithneighbors.

B.Theyrentedtheirhousetoastudent.

C.Theyhiredsomeonetostayintheirhome.

D.Theyaskedtheirgardenertowatchtheirhouse.

35.

【B2】

36.聽(tīng)力原文：Hiddenpassengerstravelinginships,trains,orevencarscanbeaterriblenuisance,especiallywhentheyareinsects,Inthisrespect,thereisagreatdifferencebetweenhumanbeingsandinsects.Theformermakeeverypossibleefforttoavoiddiscovery,whilethelatterquicklydrawattentiontothemselves.

WecanonlysympathizewiththeunfortunatemanwhohadtostophisearsoonaftersettingoutfromacountryvillagetodrivetoLondon.Heatingastrangenoisefromthebackofthecar,henaturallygotouttohavealook.Heexaminedthewheelscarefullybutashefoundnothingwrong,hecontinuedonhisway.Thenoisebeganalmostimmediatelyandnowitwaslouderthanever.Quicklyturninghishead,themansawwhatappearedtobeagreatblackcloudfollowingthecar.Whenhestoppedatavillagefurtheron,hewastoldthataqueenbeemustbehiddeninhiscarastherewerethousandsofbeesnearby.

Onlearningthis,themanrealizedthattheonlywaytoescapewouldbetodriveawayasquicklyaspossible.Afteranhour'sharddriving,hearrivedinLondonwhereheparkedhiscaroutsideahotelandwentintohaveadrink.Itwasnotlongbeforeacustomerwhohadseenhimarrivehurriedintoinform.himthathiscarwascoveredwithbees.Thepoormotoristtelephonedthepoliceandexplainedwhathadhappened.Thepolicedecidedthatthebestwaytodealwiththesituationwouldbetocallabee-keeper.Inashorttime,thebee-keeperarrived.Hefoundtheunwelcomepassengerhiddennearthewheelsatthebackofthecar.Verygratefultothemotoristforhisunexpectedgift,thekeepertookthequeenandherthousandsoffollowershomeinalargebox.Equallygrateful,themotoristdroveawayinpeace,atlastfreefromthe"blackcloud"whichhadhungoverhiscar.

(30)

A.Abignoise.

B.Astrangenoise.

C.Astranger'snoise.

D.Achild'snoise.

37.

【B7】

38.(46)

39.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽(tīng)力原文：M:IjustwonderwhyJanetneverbecomesanactressintheadvertisement.Youknow,alotoffamousactressesdothatformorefameandfortune.Sheshouldatleastgiveitatry.

W:Ithinkshehasherownideasandcanresistthetemptation.

Q:WhatdoesthewomansayaboutJanet?

(12)

A.Sheisnotaveryfamousactress.

B.Sheisnotverymuchtemptedbybigmoney.

C.Shehasnoideaofhowtomakeadvertisements.

D.Sheisnotsofortunateasotheractresses.

40.

【B9】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

TheArabsandtheJapanesedifferinthat_____.

A.theJapanesekeeptheirclosenesswithinlimitswhiletheArabsdon't

B.theArabsliketotouchtheircompanionsbuttheJapanesedon't

C.theArabsrequiremorespaceinprivacythantheJapanese

D.theJapanesedonotmindbeingalonewhiletheArabsdo

42.

Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageis______.

A.tourgeindividualstofollowtraditionalcustoms

B.tostressthestronginfluenceofcustomsonanindividual

C.toexaminetheinteractionofmanandsocialcustoms

D.toshowman'sadjustmenttotraditionalcustoms

43.

Peopleshould______whendecidingwhehertohaveanegativerichenvironment.

A.notetheirownreactions

B.movetoahealthierarea

C.observedomesticanimals

D.watchhowwealthypeoplebehave

44.

【C3】

45.

ThefiguresabouttheUS,EuropeandJapaninPara.3showthatfrom2001______.

A.workers'wagesinJapankeepdecreasing

B.workers'wagesintheUSincreasefasterthantheprofits

C.workers'shareofnationalincomeinWesternEuropehasbeendropping

D.workers'wagesinthesecountriestakeasmallerportionofthenationalincome

46.Whatdoweknowabouttheswinefluvirusfromthelastparagraph?

A.Itisnotquitesureifitcanspreadamongpersons.

B.Itisnotquitesurehowitistransmitted.

C.Surelyitistransmittedbysneezingorcoughing.

D.Surelyitistransmittedbyskincontact.

47.

Aleadercanhardlymaintainhis/herpositionunlesshe/she______.

A.fulfils,allnecessaryqualityrequirements

B.helpspeopletopreventdefeatsandsorrows

C.failsCoattractpeoplewithcommonconcerns

D.lacksappealingandstrengthofcharacter

48.

Itissuggestedinthefirstparagraphthatnoorganizationisauthoritativeenoughto______.

49.Citiesmakegoodhomesforperegrinefalconsbecausetheyprovide______.

A.bountifulnestingareas,abundantfood,andrainwatercontrolbasins

B.abundantfood,buildingsthatresemblecliffs,endnonaturalpredators

C.largebuildingswithchimneys,otherwildlife,andwell-lightednestingareas

D.abundantfood,chimneys,rubble,andwindowsills

50.Imagineeatingeverythingdeliciousyouwant—withnoneofthefat.Thatwouldbegreat,wouldn'tit?

New"fakefat"productsappearedonstoreshelvesintheUnitedStatesrecently,butnoteveryoneishappyaboutit.Makersoftheproducts,whichcontainacompoundcalledolestra,sayfoodmanufacturerscannoweliminate.Critics,however,saythenewcompoundcanrobthebodyofessentialvitaminsandnutrients(營(yíng)養(yǎng)物)andcanalsocauseunpleasantsideeffectsinsomepeople.Soit'suptoconsumerstodecidewhetherthenewfat-freeproductstastegoodenoughtokeepeating.

Chemistsdiscoveredolestrainthelate1960s,whentheyweresearchingforafatthatcouldbedigestedbyinfantsmoreeasily.Insteadoffindingthedesiredfat,theresearcherscreatedafatthatcan'tbedigestedatall.

Normally,specialchemicalsintheintestines(腸)"grab"moleculesofregularfatandbreakthemdownsotheycanbeusedbythebody.Amoleculeofregularfatismadeupofthreemoleculesofsubstancescalledfattingacids.

ThefattyacidsareabsorbedbytheintestinesandbringwiththemtheessentialvitaminsA,D,EandK.Whenfatmoleculesarepresentintheintestineswithanyofthosevitamins,thevitaminsattachtothemoleculesandarecarriedintothebloodstream.

Olestra,whichismadefromsixtoeightmoleculesoffattyacids,istoolargefortheintestinestoabsorb.Itjustslidesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingbrokedown.Manufacturerssayit'stheabilitytoslideunchangedthroughtheintestinesthatmakesolestrasovaluableasafatsubstitute.Itprovidesconsumerswiththetasteofregularatwithoutanybadeffectsonthebody.ButcriticssayolestracanpreventvitaminsA,D,EandKfrombeingabsorbed.Itcanalsopreventtheabsorptionofcarotenoids(類(lèi)胡蘿卜素),compoundsthatmayreducetheriskofcancer,heartdisease,etc.

ManufacturersareaddingvitaminsA,D,EandKaswellascarotenoidstotheirproductsnow.evenso,somenutritionistsarestillconcernedthatpeoplemighteatunlimitedamountsoffoodmadewiththefatsubstitutewithoutworryingabouthowmanycaloriestheyareconsuming.

Welearnfromthepassagethatolestraisasubstancethat______.

A.containsplentyofnutrients

B.rendersfoodscalorie-freewhileretainingtheirvitamins

C.makesfoodseasilydigestible

D.makesfoodsfat-freewhilekeepingthemdelicious

51.

Themostexpensivemediumforadvertisersis______.

A.newspaperB.radioC.TVD.directmail

52.

Wagesofthepart-timeworkofferedtotheunemployedmencomefrom______.

53.

Thepurposeofthefederalneedsanalysisistodetermine__________.

A.whetherafamilyisonfinancialaid

B.howmuchofafamily'sincomeisdiscretionary

C.whetherornotafamilyisbelowthepovertyline

D.howmuchfamiliesshouldpayinstateandlocaltaxes

54.

Torefutetheideathatwearingauniform.canavoidenvy,theauthorarguesthatitwouldhinderpeoplefromworkinghardfor______.

55.

The"whole-word"approachtoreadingwhichmorestressesthemeaningofwords,decoding,anddevelopingasightvocabularycouldbeusedfor______.

56.AtleastonesampleofathirdofbottledwaterbrandstestedbyNRDCfailedtomeet

57.Thehumancriterionforperfectvisionis20/20forreadingthestandardlinesonaSnelleneyechartwithoutahitch.Thescoreisdeterminedbyhowwellyoureadlinesoflettersofdifferentsizesfrom20feetaway.Butbeingabletoreadthebottomlineontheeyechartdoesnotapproximateperfectionasfarasotherspeciesareconcerned.Mostbirdswouldconsiderusveryvisuallyhandicapped.Thehawk,forinstance,hassuchsharpeyesthatitcanspotadimeonthesidewalkwhileperchedontopoftheEmpireStateBuilding.Itcanmakefinevisualdistinctionsbecauseitisblessedwithonemillioncones(視錐細(xì)胞)persquaremillimeterinitsretina(視網(wǎng)膜).Andinwater,humansarefarsighted,whilethekingfisher,swoopingdowntospearfish,canseewellinboththeairandwaterbecauseitisendowedwithtwofoveae(凹窩)-areasoftheeye,consistingmostlyofcones,thatprovidevisu