英語修辭習(xí)題

Syntacticfiguresofspeech1

Repetition anaphora epiphora

II.Identifythefigure(s)ofspeechusedineachofthefollowingsentences.

Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.

Andthisdaywillcome,shallcome,mustcome.

Toerrishuman;toforgivedivine.

WhenIwasachild,Ispokeasachild,Iunderstoodasachild,Ithoughtasachild.

Itisinthesoilofignorancethatpovertyisplanted.Itisinthesoilofignorancethatdiseaseflourishes.Itisinthesoilofignorancethatracialandreligiousstrifetakesroot.

(LyndonB.Johnson)

Deepriversmoveinsilence,shallowbrooksarenoisy.

Thedenialofhumanrightsanywhereisathreattohumanrightseverywhere.Injusticeanywhereisathreattojusticeeverywhere.(JesseJackson)

Faithisagoodguide,reasonisabetterguide,truthisthebestguide.

Ifwefailinthisdefenseitwillnotbeforlackofmoney.Itwillbeonaccountofmoney.Moneyhasbeenthemostserioushandicapthatwehave-met.(ClarenceFarrow)

Speechissilver;silenceisgolden.

ThetasteofAmericaisbecomingFrenchinitsconversation,FrenchinitscomfortsandFrenchinitsdiscomforts,Frenchinitseating,andFrenchinitsdress,Frenchinitsmanners,andwillbecomeFrenchinitsart. (Anthony

Trollope)

Giveupmoney,giveupfame,giveupscience,giveuptheearthitselfandallitcontains,ratherthandoanimmoralact. (ThomasJefferson)

Craftymencontemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem;...

(FrancisBacon)

IwillrecruitformyselfandyouasIgo;IwillscattermyselfamongmenandwomenasIgo.(WaltWhiteman)

Richandpoor,intelligentandignorant,wiseandfoolish,'virtuousandvicious,manandwoman---itiseverthesame,eachsoulmustdependwhollyonitself.(ElizabethCadyStanton)

III.Reviseeachofthefaultysentences,usingthefigureofspeechstatedinthebrackets.

Timewillnotgetthisdone,andnotmoney,notlaws,butwillingdiligencewillgetthisdone.(anaphora)

Thesebooksarenotprimarilyforreading,buttheyareusedforreference.(parallelism)

Tothinkclearlyandrationallyshouldbeamajorgoalforman;butitisalwaysthemostdifficultformantothinkclearlyandrationally.(simploce)

Hewasamiser,abachelor,andheisanegoist.(parallelism)

Adversityandstrugglelieattherootofevolutionaryprogress.Adversityformspressure,andchangeisbroughtbypressure.(anadiplosis)

Garyisnotagoodtrackman,andneitherishisswimming.(parallelism)

Whenyouknowathing,doholdthatyouknowit,andifyoudonotknowit,admitthatyoudonot thisistrue

knowledge.(anaphora)

Andthensuddenlythemachinespushedthemoutandtheyswarmedonthehighways.Themovementchangedthem;thehighways,thecampsalongtheroad,thefearofhungerandthehungeritself,changedthem.Thechildrenwithoutdinnerchangedthem,theywerechangedbytheendlessmoving.Theyweremigrants.Andthehostilitychangedthem,weldedthem,unitedthem...(epiphora)

Syntacticfiguresofspeech2

II.Identifythefiguresofspeechusedineachofthefollowingsentences.

chiasmussyllepsis climaxzeugmaanticlimax

asyndetonpolysyndetonrhetoricalquestion

Hecaughtabusandacold.

Ihonoredhim,Itrustedhim,andIlovedhim.

Thewolfmaylosehisteeth,butneverhisnature

Hisfairhairandplayattractedthecadres.

Aretheynottypicalinternationalrobbersandpirates?

Simonisagreatstatesman,agreatwarrior,agreatpoet,andaskilledperformerontheharp.

Amisergrowsrichbyseemingpoor.Anextravagantmangrowspoorbyseemingrich.

(Reader'sDigest)

“(Confidence)thrivesonlyonhonesty,onhonor,onthesacrednessofobligations,onfaithfulprotection, onunselfishperformance;withoutthemitcannotlive.”

(F.Roosevelt)

Hisacquaintances,hisfriendsandevenhisfamilytamedagainsthim,thetraitor.

OnedescribesthegloryoftheEnglishQueen,

AndonedescribesacharmingIndianscreen.(A.Pope)

Themanisnotrichbecauseheishonest,butheishonestbecauseheisrich(Defoe)

Wedonotretreat.Wearenotcontenttostandstill.AsAmericans,wegoforward,intheserviceofourcountry,bythewillofGod.(F.Roosevelt)

Tenminuteslater,thecoffeeandCommanderDanaofNavalIntelligencearrivedsimultaneously.

Theymayloveorhateoradmireorfearorenvythiscountry.(J.Baldwin)

Shallwepausenowandturnourbackupontheroadthatliesahead?Shallwecallthisthepromisedland?Or,shallwecontinueonourway? (F.Roosevelt)

III.Pointoutthesyllepsisusedineachofthefollowingsentences.Explainhowthegoverningword(orphrase)isusedbothliterallyandfigurativelyinthesentence.

Shemadeuphermindandherface.

Piano,aparlorutensilforsubduingtheimpenitentvisitor,isoperatedbydepressingthekeysofthemachineandthespiritsoftheaudience.

McHadeadvisedustokeepourpublicimageintactandourstudentsintheirseats.

Hepossessedtwofalseteethandasympatheticheart.

Shelookedatthefadedphotowithsuspicionandamagnifyingglass.

ThenewlyelectedmemberforCentralLeedstooktheoathandhisseat.

IV.Zeugmaisemployedineachofthefollowingsentences.Firstidentifytheabnormalcollocationandthengivetheonethatyouthinknormal.

Thegenerallostthetownandhishead.

DidyoueverhearhowMissPipercametoloseherloverandhercharacterlastsummeratTunbridge?

Youmanageabusiness,stocks,bonds,people.Andnowyoucanmanageyourhair.

Loveandcoughcannotbehid.

Justasshesaid,allyouaresupposedtodoiseveryonceinawhilegivetheboyalittleteaandsympathy.(R.Anderson)

Persuadehertorise,dearMadame,dragherfromhercouchandherlowspirits.(Thackeray)

V.Rewritethefollowingparagraphsbyremovingoraddingco-connectivesaccordingly.Comparethetransformedversionwiththeoriginalone.Tellthedifferencebetweenthem.

Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.(Caesar)

Butmostofthemwenttowardsthefireandthenbacktowardstheendandswarmedonthecoolendandfinallyfelloffintothefire.Irememberthinkingatthetimethatitwastheendoftheworldandasplendidchancetobeamessiahandliftthelogoffthefireandthrowitoutwheretheantscouldgetoffontotheground.

(E.Hemingway)

Andwhenthewomansawthatthetreewasgoodforfood,andthatitwaspleasanttotheeyes,andatreetobedesiredtomakeonewise,shetookofthefruitthereof,anddideat,andgavealsountoherhusbandwithher;andhedideat.(TheBible)

Whatwillnotthesteam-enginedo?Itpropels,elevates,lowers,pumps,drains,pulls,drives,blasts,digs,cuts,saws,planes,bores,forges,hammers,files,polishes,pivots,cards,spins,winds,weaves,coins,prints,anddoesmorethingsthanIcanthinkoforenumerate.

Semanticfiguresofspeech

II.Identifythefigure(s)ofspeechusedineachofthefollowingsentences.

Hethinkshe'saDonJuan,butnoneofthegirlslikehim

Thesmilesofthewomensufferingafatebetterthandeatharecharming.

ThegloryoftheLordwillberevealedandallfleshshallseeittogether.

(MartinLutherKing)

Ahundredbayonetsweremarchingdownthestreet.

IspoketotheminhesitantFrench.

Sheborrowedhiswheelforaspinouttotown.

Lazinesstravelssoslowlythatpovertysoonovertakeshim.(BenjaminFranklin)

Iexpectatreaty,afull-fledgedtreatyonmedium-rangemissile.

Thescentoftheroseranglikeabellthroughthegarden.

ScepterandCrown

Musttumbledown,

Andinthedustbeequalmade

WiththepoorcrookedScytheandSpade.(JamesShirley)

Constantdroppingwearsthestone. (proverb)

Theyhadtobearthepitilesswindatnight.

Hisvoicesoundedlikeathunderinthehall.

Tochooseitornot?

Thisisthetimetodecide. (advertisement)

OnthefourteenthofMarch,ataquartertothreeintheafternoon,thegreatestlivingthinkerceasedtothink.(Engels)

Pointoutwherethefollowingparodiescomefrom.

baconburger,beefburger,steakburger,turkeyburger,fishburger:

teach-in,eat-in,love-in,drive-in:

telethon,talkathon:

househusband,houseperson:

moonscape,marscape:

rightmakesmight:

writebetweenthelines:

thekissoflife:

Putinthemissingwordsaccordingtothegivenhints.

Whenindustrycinatthewindow,povertygoutofthedoor.(personification)

Wearecreatinganationonceagainvibrant,robustandalive.Buttherearemany

myettoclimb.(RonaldReagan)(metaphor)

Youcannotchangehismindanymtyoucanchangetheorbitofthemoon.(simile)

Thatfurcoatwouldbebeyondhismiserablep.(metonymy)

Therearehundredsofsintheharbor.(synecdoche)

Hewassuchanawfulteacherthatwheneverherecognizedasparkofgeniusyoucouldbesurehe'dwit. (metaphor)

Sharpwordsmayoccasionallybespokenbyunguardedorignorantt.(EdwardJohnPhelps)(synecdoche)

Whengunssitistoolatetoargue. (personification)

Theyprolongedtheclaspforthephotographer,exchangingsmwords.(transferredepithet)

“Iwasbroughtuprich.”

“Yeah,"Isaid.“YouwerebornwithaFinyourmouth.”

(R.Chandler)(parody)

Logicalfiguresofspeech

Identifythefigure(s)ofspeechusedineachofthefollowingsentences.

Iwasdestroyedwithfatigue

ThreeofmyfriendswerekilledinthelastthreeweeksinChicago.Thatcertainlyisn'tconducivetopeaceofmind.(AlCapone)

Everycloudhasasilverlining.

Tohavesucharelationshipisnosmallthing.(RobertHawke)

HemethisWaterlooin1940,whentheprojectheheavilyinvestedwascollapsed.

Thecost-savingprogrambecameanexpensiveeconomy.

I'llteachyoutomakeafoolofme.

Youwantyourpoundofflesh,don'tyou?

Iamsorrytohearthatyourgrandfatherpassedon.

Iwon'tsendmywatchtothewatchmaker;Idon'twantittobedamaged

ThecultivationofahobbyandnewformsofinterestisnotabusinessthatcanbeundertakeninadayorswiftlyimprovedbyamerecommandofthewillThegrowthofalternative,mentalinterestsisalongprocess.Theseedsmustbecarefullychosen;theymustfallongoodground;theymustbesedulouslytended,ifthevivifyingfruitsaretobeathandwhenneeded.(W.Churchill)

Whatanobleillustrationofthetenderlawsofhisfavoredcountry!一theyletthepaupersgotosleep!

"Yourgrammaris…”shehadintendedsayingawful,butsheamendeditto"isnotparticularlygood.”(JackLondon)

Theysaid,whenhestooduptospeak,starsandstripescamerightoutintheskyandoncehespokeagainstriverandmadeitsinkintotheground.Theysaid,whenhewalkedthewoodswithhisfishingrod,Killal,thetrout,wouldjumpoutofthestreamsintohispockets,fortheyknewitwasnouseputtingupafightagainsthim;and,whenhearguedacase,hecouldturnontheharpsoftheblessedandtheshakingoftheearthunderground.Thatwasthekindofmanhewas,andhisbigfarmupatMarshfieldwassuitabletohim…Amanwithamouthlikeamastiff,abrowlikeamountainandeyeslikeburninganthracite一thatwasDanilWebsterinhisprime. (StephenVincentBenet)

III.Putinthemissingwordsaccordingtothegivenhints.

Astrongmanknowshisw. (Paradox)

Myfeetarekme.(hyperbole)

Heisnomopponentinthecomingdebate.(understatement)

Hisspeechbroughtthehoused.(hyperbole)

Hethatisfullofhimselfisverye(paradox)

Europeisacuriousplace.Itboastsithasa"commonmarket,"butitisunabletosortoutitsagriculturalmess,andwhenthemarketersgatherastheydidrecentlyinAthens,theyfindtheyhavenothinginc.

(Newsweek9(innuendo)

Whenpressedbyanaturalnecessitytheyrthemselvesintheopenstreetwithoutregardtothepassersby.(Maugham)(euphemism)

Thebookfulblockhead,ignorantlyread,

Withloadsoflearnedlinhishead (AlexanderPope)(oxymoron)

Robbingawidowofhersavingswascertainlyanact.(irony)

Hesofshoutedatme. (understatement)

Allisnotgoldthatgl.(allegory)

Thewomanweregownedbeautifully,Iadmit;buttomynaivesurpriseIdiscoveredthattheywereofthesameclasalltherestofthewomanIhadknowndownbelowinthecellar.(JackLondon)(allusion)

IV.Fillintheformwithplainwords/expressionsoreuphemisticwords/expressionsasindicated.

Plainlanguage

Euphemisticlanguage

1

steal

2

fatperson

3

adultmovie;X-ratedfilms;bluefilms

4

one-waymission

5

madhouse

6

ugly

7

theaged/aging

8

capitalpunishment

AGeneralTestonFiguresofSpeech

Identifythefigure(s)ofspeechusedinthefollowingsentences.

"YourHeavens,givemethatpatience,patienceIneed!"(Shakespeare)

Finally,brethren,whateveristrue,whateverishonorable,whateverisright,whateverispure,whateverislovely,whateverisofgoodrepute,ifthereisanyexcellenceandifanythingworthyofpraise,letyourminddwellonthesethings.(TheBible)

Wefeltstrong,smug,secure.

Returntoher?一，

No,ratherIabjureallroofs,andchoose…

Tobeacomradewiththewolfandowl?一(Shakespeare)

"Oneofmykidswrotefour-letterwordsinhiscomposition,"theteachersaid.

WhenIwasachild,Iusedtospeakasachild,thinkasachild,reasonasachild;whenIbecameaman,Ididawaywithchildishthings.(TheBible)

Anddowhate'erthouwilt,swift-footedtime,

Tothewideworldandallherfadingsweets;

ButIforbidtheeonemostheinouscrime. (Shakespeare)

Allarenotapostles,arethey?Allarenotprophets,arethey?Allarenotteachers,arethey?Allarenotworkersofmiracles,arethey?(TheBible)

Now,whatadvantagedowederivefromhearingamansaythathehasshakenofftheyoke,thathedoesnotbelievethatthereisaGodwhowatchesoverhisactions,thatheregardshimselfassolejudgeofhisconduct,andthathedoesnotthinkofaccountingforittoanyonebuthimself?Doesheimaginethatbysayingthisheisencouragingustofeelgreatconfidenceinhiminthefutureandtoexpectcomfort,advice,andhelpfromhiminthedifficultsituationsoflife?Dosuchmenimaginethattheyhavegreatlyrejoicedusbytellingusthattheythinkoursoulisonlyapuffofwindorsmoke,andstillmorebytellingussoinanarrogant,self-satisfiedtone?Isitathingtobesaidcheerily?Isitnotrathersomethingtobeadmittedmournfullyasthoughitwerethesaddestthinginthewholeworld?(Pascal)

Goodbreedingconsistsinconcealinghowmuchwethinkofourselvesandhowlittlewethinkoftheotherperson.(MarkTwain)

Shallthepotterbeconsideredasequalwiththeclay,thatwhatismadeshouldsaytoitsmaker,"Hedidnotmakeme"；orwhatisformedsaytohimwhoformedit,"Hehasnounderstanding"?(TheBible)

Greatness,intheworksofarchitecture,maybeconsideredasrelatingtothebulkandbodyofthestructure.?一NottomentiontheTowerofBabel,ofwhichanoldauthorsaystherewerethefoundationstobeseeninhistime,whichlookedlikeaspaciousmountain… (Joseph

Addison)

Nowisthetimetorisefromthedarkanddesolatevalleyofsegregationtothesunlitpathofracialjustice.NowisthetimetoopenthedoorsofopportunitytoallofGod'schildren.Nowisthetimetoliftournationfromthequicksandsofradialinjusticetothesolidrockofbrotherhood.(MartinLuthurKing)

Youearnyourlivingandyouurnyourdead.

Otherthingsmaybeseizedbymight,orpurchasedwithmoney,butknowledgeistobegainedonlybystudy,andstudytobeprosecutedonlyinretirement.

(SamuelJohnson)

Foroursistheageoffour"A's"：anxiety,apprehension,agonizing,andaspirin.(JamesThurber)

Sowilltheseunattractiveandmysteriousobjectsleadtoanewworldeconomicorder,orwillthegamebeplayedaccordingtotheusualindustrialrules;fromeachaccordingtohisability,toeachaccordingtohisinvestments?

0soulofmine,willyouneverbegoodandsincere,allone,allopen,visibletothebeholdermoreclearlythanevenyourencompassingbodyofflesh?Willyounevertastethesweetnessofalovingandaffectionateheart?Willyouneverbefilledfullandunwanting;cravingnothing,yearningfornocreatureorthingtoministertoyourpleasures,noprolongationofdaystoenjoythem,noplaceorcountryorpleasantclimeorsweethumancompany? (MarcusAurelius)

Itisinartasinmorals;nocharacterwouldinspireuswithanenthusiasticadmirationofhisvirtue,ifthatvirtueconsistedonlyinanabsenceofvice;somethingmoreisrequired;amanmustdomorethanmerelyhisdutytobeahero.

(JoshuaReynolds)

Itisnousedoingwhat,youlike;youhave,gottolikewhatyoudo.(WChurchill)

Tobe,ornottobe;thatisthequestion:

Whether'tisnoblerinthemindtosuffer

Thestingandarrowsofoutrageousfortune:

Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,

Andbyopposingendthem… (Shakespeare)

Letthemrecognizethatthereareonlytwokindsofpersonwhomwecandescribeasreasonable;

thosewhoserveGodwithalltheirheartbecausetheyhavefoundhim,andthosewhoseekhimwithalltheirheartbecause,theyhavenotfoundhim. (Pascal)

O,whocanholdafireinhishand

BythinkingonthefrostyCaucasus?

Orcloythehungryedgeofappetite

Bybareimaginationofafeast?

OrwallownakedinDecembersnow

Bythinkingonfantasticsummer'sbest? (Shakespeare)

Letusberuthlessinourcriticism,crueltopersonalvanities,indifferenttoage,rankorexperienceifthesestandinourway.Letalltheoriesbesubjectedtothebrightclearlightofpractice.(NormanBethune)

ICameBack

Icamebacktosoftnessandcomfort.

IcamebacktoDr.White's.

AndIwonderwhyIeverwentaway.

BecauseonlyDr.White'sgivesmetwokindsofcomfort.Thesupper-comfortoftheircotton-woolcontentthatmakesthemsomuchsofter.Andthecomfortofasafer,moreabsorbenttowel,withaflush-awaydesign,too，forevenmoreconvenience.

Itriedtherest,butIcameback.

Isn'tittimeyoucamebacktoDr.White's?

Dr.White'sTwokindsofcomfort.(Women,Apr.1977)

Whatmaybedoneatanytimewillbedoneatnotime.(Proverb)

Youmightaswellexpectaleopardtochangeitsspotsasexpecthimtogiveupsmoking.

HeintendedtotakeanopportunitythisafternoonofspeakingtoIrene.Awordintimesavesnine…(JohnGalsworthy)

Alittleboycameuptohismother."Ma,"hesaid,"Ihavesome