風(fēng)景點(diǎn)解說(shuō)詞的翻譯

EnglishTranslationoftheInterpretationsofChina’sScenicSpots

風(fēng)景點(diǎn)解說(shuō)詞的翻譯1一、英語(yǔ)解說(shuō)詞語(yǔ)言特征突出信息功能。英文遺產(chǎn)解說(shuō)是典型的信息文本，簡(jiǎn)潔流暢的語(yǔ)言和大量的事實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)突出特點(diǎn)，景物的完整印象。21.1PlainlanguageTheGrandCanyonisamongtheearth'sgreateston-goinggeologicalspectacles.Itsvastnessisstunning,andtheevidenceitrevealsabouttheearth'shistoryisinvaluable.About65millionyearsagointheearth'sshifting,ahugeareaoflandwasliftedamileandahalfabovesealevel,formingwhatisnowtheColoradoPlateau.Forthelast6to10millionyears,theColoradoRiverhasbeenslowlycarvingitswaydownthroughthemanylayersofrock.3Theriver,togetherwiththeerosiveforcesofwind,rain,snow,heatandcold,hasformedaspectaculargorgeone-miledeepandatsomepoints18milesacross.Thecolorfulstrataofthecanyonwallsrevealtherockformationsoftheearth'sevolutionfromnearly2billionyearsago;theycontainfossilsoftheearliestlivingthingsfrom500millionyearsago.Therivercontinuestocarveintotheearth'ssurface.(/worldheritage/)41.2Fact-basedTheforesthereexudeswatervaporandoilyresidueswhichcreateasmoke-likehazethatsurroundsthepeaksandfillsthevalleys.GreatSmokyMountainsNationalPark,encompassingmorethan800squaremiles,protectsoneoftheworld'sfinesttemperatedeciduousforestsandisareminderofthetree-richlandscapeofpre-ColumbianAmerica.Duetothefertilesoilandabundantrain,thisareaboasts1,520flowerspecies,130varietiesoftrees,50mammalspeciesand27differentkindsofsalamanders.TheplantsarerelatedtothosefoundacrossthePacific,testifyingtotheancientmigrationoftreesandflowersfromAsiabywayoftheBeringlandbridge.5TheSmokiesalsorepresentanimportantperiodintheearth'sdevelopmentwhen300millionyearsago,supercontinentscollidedandtheearth'scrustpushedupwardforminghigh,jaggedmountains.Overthecourseoftimethesemountainshavebeensmoothedandsoftenedbyerosion.Thegeographicalevidence,biologicalevolutionanddiversitymakethisparkasuperlativenaturalpreserve.(/worldheritage/grsm.htm)theGreatSmokyMountains6二、漢語(yǔ)解說(shuō)詞語(yǔ)言特征中文遺產(chǎn)解說(shuō)信息、描述功能。莊嚴(yán)正式的語(yǔ)氣，典雅華麗的辭藻和豐富的修辭。四字結(jié)構(gòu)、比喻、排比、夸張、對(duì)偶、引用、贊譽(yù)稱號(hào)、詩(shī)詞、諺語(yǔ)、文言文或者神話傳說(shuō)加深印象。72.1Refinedwording峨眉山位于中國(guó)西南部的四川省，距成都156公里,走高速公路需1.5小時(shí)。主峰金頂絕壁凌空高插云霄,巍然屹立。登臨其間，可西眺皚皚雪峰，東瞰莽莽平川，氣勢(shì)雄而景觀奇，有云海、日出、佛光、圣燈四大奇觀。中部群山峰巒疊嶂，含煙凝翠，飛瀑流泉，鳥語(yǔ)花香，草木茂而風(fēng)光秀。是我國(guó)著名的游覽勝地，1996年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列入“世界自然與文化遺產(chǎn)”。(0/www/mountain/index.jsp峨眉山旅游網(wǎng))82.2Richrhetoricaldevices

山風(fēng)乍起時(shí)，云海飄散開去，群峰眾嶺變成一座座海中的小島；云海匯聚過(guò)來(lái)，千山萬(wàn)壑被掩藏得無(wú)影無(wú)蹤。云海時(shí)開時(shí)合，恰似“山舞青蛇”，氣象雄偉。風(fēng)緊時(shí)，云海忽而疾馳、翻滾，忽而飄逸、舒展，似天馬行空，似大海揚(yáng)波，似雪球滾地。(metaphor)(/culture/relic/newcnh)春季萬(wàn)物萌動(dòng)，郁郁蔥蔥；夏季百花爭(zhēng)艷，姹紫嫣紅；秋季紅葉滿山，五彩繽紛；冬季銀裝素裹，白雪皚皚。(paralleledstructures)(/culture/relic/newcnh)9石門山石刻是佛教、道教合一造像區(qū)，尤以道教造像最具有特色，如玉皇大帝龕外的千里眼像，眼如銅鈴，似能目及千里。(hyperbole)(/eframe.htm)游武夷山者，臨水可看山，登山可望水，只要乘上一葉竹筏，沿山中九曲溪順流而下，山沿水立，水隨山轉(zhuǎn)，山光水色，交相輝映，三十六峰，九十九巖，盡收眼底。(antithesis)（/travel/wuyi/chnature.html）102.3Abundantcitations黃山是文化名山，源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)。相傳，中華民族的始祖黃帝曾在黃山煉丹，后得道升天。自然造化天然美景，古往今來(lái)，吸引了無(wú)數(shù)文人墨客、名流雅士，前往登臨領(lǐng)略。（/）“上朝峨眉，下朝寶頂”?！拔迳绞獭弊怨乓詠?lái)就是名勝之地。（/eframe.htm）11唐代詩(shī)人李白詩(shī)曰：“蜀國(guó)多仙山，峨眉邈難匹?！泵鞔?shī)人周洪謨贊道：“三峨之秀甲天下，何須涉海尋蓬萊。”當(dāng)代文豪郭沫若題書峨眉山為“天下名山”。(/culture/relic/newcnh)122.4Varioushonorabletitles風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)主景區(qū)方圓60平方公里，山峰平均海350米左右，屬典型丹霞地貌，素有“碧水丹山”、“奇秀甲于東南”之美譽(yù)，是首批國(guó)家重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)之一，被國(guó)際旅游組織執(zhí)委會(huì)主席巴爾科夫人稱為“世界環(huán)境保護(hù)的典范”。（/travel/wuyi/chnature.html）以奇松、怪石、云海、溫泉“四絕”名聞中外，號(hào)稱“天下第一奇山”。(/)132.5ClassicalChineseexpressions“孔子歿后一年，魯哀公將其故宅三間改建為廟”,“歿”“去世”or“辭世”.Theusageofthissinglewordherecreatesasolemnatmosphere,andisinkeepingwiththesettingoftheConfucius’Temple.“自孔子以后，孔氏歷代子孫亦多從葬于此”,thephrase“亦多從葬于此”---“從孔子以后，他的子孫也被埋葬在這里”.14三、實(shí)例分析E.g.1據(jù)推算北京人身高為156厘米(男)，150厘米(女)。TheestimatedheightofPekingManis156cm.ThatofPekingWomanis150cm.(/heritage/c1.html)Mechanicaltransfers

Suggestedinterpretation:(1)TheestimatedheightofamalePekingManis156cmandthatofhisfemalecounterpartis150cm.(2)TheestimatedheightofthemaleandfemalePekingManis156cmand150cmrespectively.

15e.g.2廬山風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)面積302平方千米，外圍保護(hù)地帶500平方千米。TheLushanscenicareaextendsover302sqkm,beingprotectedbyanoutlyingzoneof500sqkm.()TheLushanscenicareaextendsover302sqkm,withanoutlyingconservationzoneof500sqkm.

Mechanicaltransfers16e.g.3漢武帝時(shí)也曾數(shù)次修筑長(zhǎng)城,用來(lái)保護(hù)河套、隴西等地以及東西往來(lái)的交通。DuringEmperorWudi‘sreignoftheHanDynasty,wallswerealsobuiltseveraltimestoguardHetao,westernGansuandotherregionsandtheroutesofeast-westtransportation.（/）Mechanicaltransfers17TheconstructionofGreatWallactuallybegunduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriodtotheWarringStatesPeriod.Later,thefirstemperoroftheQinDynastyorderedtolinkthewallsupafterheunitedChina.TheGreatWallalreadyexistedintheHanDynasty.Thustheuseof“built”hereisdefinitelyincorrect.That’stosaytheGreatWallwas“repaired”or“mended”severaltimes.18Moree.gsforMechanicaltransfers

ChineseMechanicalTransferIdiomaticTranslation高等植物high-orderplanthigherplants紅葉redleavesmapleleaves/redautumnalleaves國(guó)家保護(hù)區(qū)state-levelresortnationalresort自然景觀naturalscenenaturalscenery/naturallandscape勞動(dòng)力laborpowerlaborforce/workforce19e.g.41996年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列入“世界自然與文化遺產(chǎn)”。In1996,itwasrankedin“TheWorldCultural&NaturalHeritage”byUNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization).(0/www/mountain/index.jsp峨眉山旅游網(wǎng))In1996,itwaslistedasa“TheWorldCultural&NaturalHeritageSite”byUNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization).Falseequivalents

20e.g.5公元9世紀(jì)末的晚唐造像題材有12種類型，以觀音、地藏合龕和阿彌陀佛脅侍觀音、地藏居多。造像端莊豐滿，氣質(zhì)渾厚，衣紋細(xì)密，薄衣貼體，具有盛唐遺見(jiàn)。(/eframe.htm)Intheoriginaltranslation,“豐滿”isrenderedas“chubby.”Althoughtheword“chubby”means“slightlyfat”,itactuallyindicatespleasantroundnessinbabiesorcheeks.Inthecontext,“豐滿”isusedtodescribetheBuddhastatues,thenofcourse“chubby”isnottherightwordtouse.“Fat”maybethemostusualanddirectadjectiveinthissense,butithasaderogativemeaning,thusisnotappropriateeither.“plump”isthebestchoice,becauseitsuggestsslightorattractivefatness.Falseequivalents21e.g.6隨著季節(jié)、光照、環(huán)境的變化，景區(qū)會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出不同的韻致。Withthechangesoftheseasons,illuminationandenvironment,thesceneryvariesinthearea.（/）Intheabovetranslation,“illumination”shouldbechangedinto“sunlight”,since“illumination”usuallyreferstoman-madelightingsuchasthelightingprovidedbyalamporlight.Butthesentencetellsusthesceneryvarieswiththechangeoflight.Therefore,theword“illumination”disagreeswiththesituationhere.Fromthisparticularcontext,translatorscanpredict“光照”mustthelightinnature,soitisbettertotranslateitas“sunlight”.Falseequivalents22e.g.7“雪山”,“asnowmountain”,“asnowymountain”,“asnow-coveredmountain”and“asnow-cappedmountain”.“建筑群”“abuildinggroup”,“anarchitecturalgroup”and“anarchitecturalcomplex.”“云?！?“acloudsea”,“aseaofclouds.”“發(fā)展過(guò)程”“courseofdevelopment”Unidiomaticexpressions

23e.g.8Terms

孔子（公元前551~前419年）是中國(guó)儒家學(xué)說(shuō)的創(chuàng)始人。Confucius(551～419BC)wasthefounderoftheConfuciusschoolofthought()“Confucianism“游覽勝地”“atouristattraction”or“atouristdestination”,“scenicspotfortourists.”“自然保護(hù)區(qū)”isnot“anature-endowedreserve”but“anaturereserve.”“creativetalent”for“創(chuàng)造力”“creativity.”Redundancy24在當(dāng)?shù)匦叛霾貍鞣鸾痰娜嗣裥闹?，這座小山猶如觀音菩薩居住的普陀山，因而用藏語(yǔ)稱此為布達(dá)拉（普陀之意）。InthemindofthelocalpeoplebelievinginTibetanBuddhism,thehillislikeMountPutuo(transliteratedas“Potala”inTibetan)wheretheBodhisattvaAyalokitesvararesidedaccordingtoBuddhistlegend.()ThelocalTibetanBuddhistsbelievethehillislikeMountPutuo(transliteratedas“Potala”inTibetan)wheretheBodhisattvaAyalokitesvararesidedaccordingtoBuddhistlegend.25e.g.9(1)大足石刻是中國(guó)石窟藝術(shù)寶庫(kù)中的一顆璀璨明珠。ThemasterpieceofChineseexquisitegrottoart,DazuRockCarvingsisashiningstarinthespeleologicalarttreasure.(/eframe.htm)grottoart(2)黃龍具有獨(dú)特的地形地貌結(jié)構(gòu)……Theuniquetopography,varioussceneries,colourfu1customsandlifestylesofTibetan,QiangandHuiEthnicCommunitiesmaketheareaawonderland.(/culture/relic/newcnh)landform26(3)地貌多種多樣。Therearemanykindsofgeologicphysiognomy.(0/www/mountain/index.jsp峨眉山旅游網(wǎng))landform(4)“北京人”的發(fā)現(xiàn)，為中國(guó)古人類及其文化的研究奠定了基礎(chǔ)。ThediscoveryofPekingManlaidfoundationsforpalaeoanthropologicalandpalaeoculturologicalstudiesinChina.(/)ThediscoveryofPekingManlaidfoundationsforthestudiesonprimitivemenandtheircultureinChina.27(5)墻身全部用花崗巖砌筑，高達(dá)數(shù)十米，每隔一段距離，中間灌注鐵汁，進(jìn)行加固，提高墻體抗震能力，堅(jiān)固穩(wěn)定。Allthewallsarebuiltofgranite,standingashighasseveraldozenmetersandstrengthenedbyfillingwithmoltenironatintervals,makingthestructurehighlyantiseismic.()Allthewallsarebuiltofgranite,standingashighasseveraldozenmetersandstrengthenedbymoltenironfillingsatintervals,makingthestructurehighlyresistantagainstearthquakes.28Moree.gsforspecialtermsChineseUncommonly-usedexpressionsCommonly-usedexpressions石碑steletablet馬steedhorse新石器時(shí)代NeolithicageNewstoneage舊石器時(shí)代PaleolithicageOldstoneage植物帶florazonationvegetationalzone29e.g.10主景區(qū)位于全長(zhǎng)60多公里的山谷中。谷中有108個(gè)湖泊，山頂為一長(zhǎng)度7000米，寬數(shù)百米的“長(zhǎng)?！保须S處可見(jiàn)自然倒下的古樹，樹枝上包裹碳酸鈣華，陽(yáng)光折射下五彩繽紛。被形象地稱為五彩湖?！璗hesummitisa"longsea"7,000metersinlengthandhundredsofmetersinwidth...(/heritage/c1.html)Atthesummitisthe"longsea,"alake7,000metersinlengthandhundredsofmetersinwidth.sentencestructures30e.g.11廬山已形成一山兼聚五教的罕見(jiàn)現(xiàn)象。Lushanhasbecomeararephenomenonwherefivereligionsexist

sidebysideinonemountain.()Lushanhasbecomeaplacewherefivereligionsexist

sidebysideinonemountain,whichisararephenomenon.sentencestructures31e.g.12現(xiàn)存高７６米，東西長(zhǎng)３４５米，南北寬３５０米。Itrises76metreshigh,345metreseast-west,350metresnorth-south.(/culture/relic/newcnh)Itmeasures76metresinheight,345metreseast-westand350metresnorth-south.sentencestructures32e.g.13九寨溝有脊椎動(dòng)物170種，鳥類141種，其中含國(guó)家一類保護(hù)動(dòng)物大熊貓、牛羚、金絲猴，二類保護(hù)動(dòng)物4種及三類保護(hù)動(dòng)物9種。Ithouses170speciesofvertebratesand141speciesofbirdsincludingGiantPanda,Gnu,andGoldenMonkey,allatthefirstlevelofnationalprotection,4speciesofanimalsatthesecondarylevelofprotection,and9speciesofanimalsatthetertiarylevelofprotection.(/heritage/c1.html)Misplacement33Ithouses170speciesofvertebratesand141speciesofbirds.Amongthem,giantpandas,gnus,andgoldenmonkeysareatthefirstlevelofnationalprotection,4speciesatthesecondaryleveland9speciesatthetertiarylevel.

34e.g.14到1966年共發(fā)現(xiàn)了大約代表40個(gè)個(gè)體的“北京人”化石和十萬(wàn)多件石器、以及豐富的骨器、角器與用火遺跡等。Byl966,therehadbeendiscoveredPekingManfossilsrepresentingabout40individuals,morethanl00,000stonetools,plentifulboneandantlerartifacts,andremainsoffires.(/)Byl966,therehadbeendiscoveredabout40PekingMenfossils,alongwithmorethanl00,000stonetools,plentifulboneandantlerartifacts,andfiresremains.

Misplacement35e.g.15隋史中也有多次征發(fā)民夫數(shù)萬(wàn)、數(shù)十萬(wàn)乃至百萬(wàn)人修長(zhǎng)城的記載。HistoricalbooksoftheSuiDynastyalsocontainrecordsofrecruitmentsoftensorhundredsofthousandsoramillionlaborersforthebuildingofthelongwall.(/)HistoricalbooksoftheSuiDynastyalsocontainrecordsofrecruitmentsoftenthousandsorhundredthousandsorevenmillionsoflaborersforthebuildingofthelongwall.Misplacement36e.g.16特別是此窟中的普賢菩薩，具有東方女性的特征，表情溫柔嫻靜、典雅大方。InparticularstatueofSamantabhadrahascharacteristicsoftheorientalwoman,anditsexpressionsaregentlesoftrefinednaturalandpoised.(/eframe.htm)InparticularthestatueofSamantabhadrahascharacteristicsoftheorientalwoman,andherexpressionsaregentleandgraceful.37故宮是明清兩代的皇宮，又稱紫禁城。TheImperialPalace,alsoknownastheForbiddenCity,wastheimperialpalaceofemperorsintheMingandQingDynasties.(/culture/relic)Inthetranslation,theword“imperial”itselfmeans“ofanempireoritsruler”,so“ofemperor”isonlyarepetition.

Overlappingofthemeanings38e.g.17這一發(fā)現(xiàn)被稱為本世紀(jì)世界文化史上最有價(jià)值的發(fā)現(xiàn)。它轟動(dòng)了世界。Thisdiscoverywasheldtobethemostvaluableinthehistoryofworldcultureinthe20thcentury.Itcreatedaworldwidesensation.(/)Thisdiscovery,whichwasheldtobethemostvaluableinthehistoryofworldcultureinthe20thcentury,createdaworldwidesensation.Sentence-by-sentencetranslation

39e.g.18古城池總面積2.25平方千米，至今還居住著4.2萬(wàn)城市居民,基本保持著明清時(shí)期(公元1368—1911年)的歷史風(fēng)貌。It(theancientcity)occupiesatotalareaof2.25sqkm,hasapopulationof42,000,andlargelymaintainsitshistoricalappearanceoftheMingandQingperiods(1368～1911).()Withatotalareaof2.25sqkmandapopulationof42,000,theancientcitylargelymaintainsitshistoricalappearanceoftheMingandQingDynasties(1368～1911).Sentence-by-sentencetranslation40e.g.19平遙古城是按照漢民族傳統(tǒng)規(guī)劃思想和建筑風(fēng)格建設(shè)起來(lái)的城市，體現(xiàn)了公元14至19世紀(jì)前后漢民族的歷史文化特色，對(duì)研究這一時(shí)期的社會(huì)形態(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、軍事防御、宗教信仰、傳統(tǒng)思想、倫理道德的人類居住形式有重要的參考價(jià)值。TheoldcityofPingyao,constructedaccordingtothetraditionalplanningtheoryandbuildingstyleoftheHanpeople,embodiesthehistoricalfeaturesoftheHanculturearoundthe14th～l9thcenturiesandisofconsiderablereferentialimportanceinresearchingintothesocialformation,economicstructure,militarydefense,religiousbeliefs,traditionalideology,moralconceptsanddwellingpatternsofthattime.()Sentence-by-sentencetranslation41ConstructedaccordingtothetraditionalplanningtheoryandbuildingstyleoftheHanpeople,theancientcityofPingyaoembodiesinaconcentratedformthehistoricalfeaturesoftheHanculturearoundthe14th～l9thcenturies.Itisofconsiderablereferentialimportanceinresearchingintothesocialformation,economicstructure,militarydefense,religiousbeliefs,traditionalideology,moralconceptsanddwellingpatternsofthattime.42e.g.20孔廟的東側(cè)是孔府，是孔子嫡長(zhǎng)孫世襲的府第。TheKongFamilyMansionlieseastoftheConfuciusTemple,beingtheplacewheretheeldestdirectmale

descendantofConfuciuslivedandworked.()LyingtotheeastoftheConfuciusTemple,theMansionofConfuciusistheplacewheretheeldestdirectmale

descendantofConfuciuslivedandworked.TheMansionofConfuciusliestotheeastoftheConfuciusTemple.Itistheplacewheretheeldestdirectmale

descendantofConfuciuslivedandworked.Sentence-by-sentencetranslation43e.g.21

孔林為孔子墓葬所在地，位于曲阜市城北１.５公里處。墓園古柏參天，周以圍墻，占地面積２００萬(wàn)平方米。園內(nèi)有清代建筑的觀樓和享殿，和宋代雕刻的石人、石獸等。自孔子以后，孔氏歷代子孫亦多從葬于此。TheConfucianWoods,wherethetombofConfuciusislocated,is1.5kmnorthofQufu.Thecemeteryissurroundedbywallsandiscrowdedwitholdcypressesandpines.Thetotalareaisabout2,000,000squaremetres.ThetowersandpalacesbuiltintheQingDynastyandstoneguardiansandanimalscarvedintheSongDynastycanbefound.MostofConfucius'descendantswerealsoburiedhere.(/culture/relic/)LackofCohesion

44TheConfucianWoods,wherethetombofConfuciusislocated,is1.5kmnorthofQufu.Surroundedbywallsandcrowdedbyoldcypressesandpines,thecemeterycoversatotalareaofabout2,000,000squaremetres.Inthecemetery,therearetowersandpalacesbuiltintheQingDynastyandstoneguardiansandanimalscarvedintheSongDynasty.MostofConfucius'descendantswerealsoburiedhere.45e.g.22廬山，位于江西省北部，北瀕長(zhǎng)江，東南臨鄱陽(yáng)湖。自然風(fēng)光奇特秀麗?！翱飶]奇秀甲天下山。”方圓302平方公里的風(fēng)景區(qū)內(nèi)，有16個(gè)大自然奇觀，474個(gè)景點(diǎn)。171座山峰逶迤相連，峰巒疊嶂。MountLu