UNIT教學知識細解碼Word版含解析

根據(jù)詞性和漢語提示，寫出下列單詞。1．congratulatevt.祝賀，恭喜→congratulationn．祝賀，恭喜，賀辭2．tendvi.&vt.往往會，趨向；照看→tendencyn．傾向，趨勢3．injurevt.&vi.傷害，損傷→injuryn．傷害4．equipvt.裝備，配備→equipmentn．裝備，配備，設(shè)備5．a(chǎn)nnouncevt.宣告，宣布；通知→announcementn．宣告，口頭通知1．a(chǎn)ssumevt.假定，認為；承擔；呈現(xiàn)①Letusassumeforamomentthattheplansucceeds.假定②Itisreasonabletoassume(that)theeconomywillcontinuetoimprove.認為③Thecourtassumedresponsibilityforthegirl'swelfare.承擔④Thismatterhasassumedveryimportance.呈現(xiàn)2．tendvi.往往會；趨向vt.照看①WhenI'mtired,Itendtomakemistakes.往往會②Priceshavetendeddownwardsoverrecentyears.趨向③Wesawashepherdtendinghissheep.照看3．a(chǎn)veragen．平均水平；平均值adj.平均的；普通的，一般的；典型的①Theaveragepriceofgoodsrosebyjust2.2%.平均的②Ittakesanaverageoftenweeksforahousesaletobecompleted.平均值③Iwasjustanaveragesortofstudent.一般的，普通的④Fortyhoursisafairlyaverageworkingweekformostpeople.典型的WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知識要點1)congratulationn．祝賀，恭喜(教材P16)Youwanttostartdoingexercise？Congratulations!你想開始鍛煉嗎？祝賀你！[例1]Pleasegivehimmycongratulationswhenyouseehim.請見到他時轉(zhuǎn)達我的祝賀。[例2]Congratulationsonyourexamresults!祝賀你考出了好成績！[造句]恭喜你在英語考試中取得成功。CongratulationstoyouonyoursuccessintheEnglishexamination.[歸納拓展](1)congratulationn．祝賀；(復數(shù))賀詞congratulationstosb.onsth.為某事向某人祝賀offer/expressone'scongratulationstosb.向某人表示祝賀(2)congratulatevt. 祝賀congratulatesb.onsth.為某事向某人祝賀[即學即練]單句語法填空①Congratulateyouonpassing(pass)thedrivingexam.②—IgotthatjobIwantedatthepubliclibrary.—Congratulations(congratulate)！That'sgoodnews.③IwouldliketoexpressmycongratulationstoyouonyourreceivingthefirstprizeofChinesespeechcontest.④HehaspassedtheexamandI'llexpressmycongratulations(congratulation)tohim.[明辨異同]congratulate，celebratecongratulate意為“祝賀”，是用語言表達祝賀之意，其賓語是人；若要表明所祝賀的事情，后面用介詞on連接，即congratulatesb.onsth.。celebrate意為“慶祝，慶賀”，指舉行盛大、隆重的儀式來慶?；蚣o念有意義的日子或事件。常用表示節(jié)日、勝利、成功等的名詞作賓語。[小片段填空]Anoldcoupleis①celebratingtheir20thweddinganniversary.IthinkIshouldoffermy②congratulationstothem，soIcomeupand③congratulatethemontheirmarriage.Muchtomyjoy,theyacceptedmysincere④congratulationshappily.(celebrate/congratulate)eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點2)assumevt.假定，認為；承擔(責任)(教材P16)Mostpeopleassumethatregularexercisedoeswondersforyourbodyandmind―butwhatexactlyareitshealthbenefits?大多數(shù)人認為經(jīng)常鍛煉對身心有奇效，但它對健康究竟有什么好處呢？[例1]Inartcriticism，youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessagehiddenwithinthework.在藝術(shù)評論中，你得假設(shè)藝術(shù)家有一個秘密的信息隱藏在作品中。[例2]Theyassumedher(tobe)thebestsingeroftheirtime.他們認為她是他們那個時代最好的歌唱家。[造句]人們認為這可能是最佳的解決辦法。Itisassumedthatthisisthebestpossiblesolution.[歸納拓展](1)assumev．假定；設(shè)想；承擔；假裝assumesb./sth.(tobe)＋adj./n.假定/認為某人/某事(為)……Itisassumedthat...人們認為……assuming(that)...假設(shè)……(2)assumptionn.假定，假設(shè)ontheassumptionthat... 假定……makeanassumption作出假設(shè)[即學即練]單句語法填空①Yourargumentisbasedonacompletelyfalseassumption(assume)．②Itisgenerallyassumed(assume)thatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.③AsfarasI'mconcerned，agreatmanypeoplemadeanassumptionthathewasright.④Weareworkingontheassumptionthateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點3)tendvi.往往會，傾向vt.照看(教材P16)Ithasalsobeenproventhatactivepeopletendtohavebetterimmunesystemsandareatlowerriskofdiseases.事實也證明，經(jīng)常運動的人往往會有更好的免疫系統(tǒng)，患病的風險較低。[例1]Wetendtomeetupforlunchonceaweek.我們往往每周共進一次午餐。[例2]Doctorsandnursestendedtheinjured.醫(yī)生和護士照料受傷者。[造句]她正在家里照顧生病的母親。Sheistending(to)hersickmotherathome.[歸納拓展](1)tendtodo...傾向于做……tendtowardssth.趨于，傾向于(2)tendencyn. 趨勢，傾向性haveatendencytodo... 傾向于做……(3)tend(to)sb.照料，照管[即學即練]單句語法填空①Shehasastrongnaturaltendency(tend)towardscaution.②Womentendtolive(live)longerthanmen.③Hisviewtends(tend)towardstheextreme.④Shetendstoget(get)angrywhenyoudisagreewithher.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點4)rangen．(變動或浮動的)范圍；區(qū)間；界限；一系列v．(在一定范圍內(nèi))變動；變化；排列(教材P17)Flexibilitytraining，includinggymnasticsandtaichi，helpsstretchyourmusclesandimproveyourbody'srangeofmovement.體操和太極拳等柔韌性訓練有助于拉伸肌肉，加大身體活動范圍。[例1]Thereisafullrangeofactivitiesforchildren.這里有給孩子們提供的各種活動。[例2]Hislecturerangedoveranumberoftopics.他的講座涉及許多話題。[造句]它們的價格在$3到$15之間變化。Theyrangeinpricefrom$3to$15.[歸納拓展](1)awiderangeof一系列……within/intherangeof 在……范圍內(nèi)beyondone'srange 某人能力達不到的(2)rangefrom...to...在……范圍內(nèi)變動[即學即練]單句語法填空①Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，ranging(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.②Thepriceofthehouseissohighthatitiswellbeyondourrange.③Whendrivingonhighways,thedrivermustcontrolhisorherspeedwithintherangeof60km/hand120km/h.④Ihaveawiderangeofhobbies(hobby),includingreading,keepingdiary,playingballswithfriendsandsoon.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點5)averageadj.平均的，普通的，平常的n．平均數(shù)，平均水平v．計算出……的平均數(shù)(教材P17)Ingeneral,youshouldhaveyourmealanaverageof1.5to2.5hoursbeforeexercising.一般來說，你應(yīng)該在用餐平均1.5到2.5小時后再進行鍛煉。[例1]Freddywasanaveragestudent，butnotanaverageperson.弗雷德是一個普通的學生，但不是個普通人。[例2]Theaverageof4，5and9is6.4、5、9三個數(shù)的平均數(shù)是6。[造句]我們平均每天接到二十個電話。Wereceived20callsadayonaverage.[歸納拓展]onaverage平均起來above/below(the)average在平均水平以上/以下upto(the)average達到平均水平anaverageof... 平均有(后跟數(shù)詞)[即學即練]單句語法填空①Heisworkinghardandhisgradeisabovetheaverageinhisclass.②Onaverage，mensmokemorecigarettesthanwomen.③Theageofthecandidatesrangedfrom29to49withanaverageageof37.④Theaverageageoftheboysinthisclassis(be)fifteen.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點6)makeupfor彌補，補償(教材P17)Remembertodrinkthroughoutexercisetomakeupforwaterlosttosweat.記住運動時全程都要喝水，以彌補因出汗流失的水分。[例1]Payincreaseswillnotalwaysmakeupforpoorworkingconditions.工資的增長并不總能夠彌補惡劣的工作環(huán)境的不足。[例2]ButImadeupforitintheevening.可是到了晚上我就補回來了。[造句]她決定更加努力工作，把失去的時間補回來。Shedecidedtoworkhardertomakeupforthelosttime.[歸納拓展]makeup構(gòu)成，組成；占；鋪床；化妝；彌補；和解；編造bemadeupof 由……組成makeit 準時到達；獲得成功makeout 分辨；理解，明白makeadifference 有影響，起作用[即學即練]單句語法填空①Icouldjustmakeoutafigureinthedarkness.②I'msorryIwon'tbeabletomakeit．③Thegroupmade(make)upofthirtygirlsisverypopularhere.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點7)(教材P17)Topreventsofttissueinjury,makesurethatyouwearproperclothesandequipmentwhenexercising.為防止軟組織受傷，請確保鍛煉時穿著合適的衣服和裝備。(1)preventvt.阻止，阻礙[例1]Werecognizedthepossibilityandtookstepstopreventithappening.我們意識到了這種可能性，并且采取了一些預(yù)防措施阻止它發(fā)生。[例2]Nothingwouldpreventagainstinjustice.什么都不能阻止鳴不平。[造句]這次事故本來是可以防止的。Theaccidentcouldhavebeenprevented.[歸納拓展]prevent...fromdoingsth.阻止……做某事與這種結(jié)構(gòu)相似的有stopsb./sth.fromdoingsth.；keepsb./sth.fromdoingsth.，from不可以省略。注意：在被動語態(tài)中，這三個短語中的from都不能省略。[即學即練]單句語法填空①Lynn'sparentstriedtostopherseeing(see)him.②Noonecanpreventthisplanfrombeingcarried(carry)out.③Wewerepreventedfromgoingonbytheheavyrain，butwedidn'tloseheart.(2)equipmentn．配備，裝備[例1]Whatkindofequipmentshouldyouuse?你應(yīng)該使用哪種設(shè)備呢？[例2]Theequipmentofthestudiowasexpensive.這個工作室的裝備花費巨大。[造句]他們需要用到的設(shè)備是否已經(jīng)到位？Dotheyhavetheequipmenttheyneed?[歸納拓展](1)equipmentn．[U]設(shè)備；裝備apieceofequipment一件設(shè)備(2)equipvt. 裝備；使有能力equip...with... 用……裝備……equipsb.for(doing)sth.使某人為(做)某事而準備，使某人具備做某事的條件[即學即練]單句語法填空①Youmusttrytoequipyourselfwithenoughknowledge.②Alotofnewequipmenthasbeensent(send)tothatareasofar.③Thecompanyhasdecidedtobuysomemodernequipment(equip)．④Equipped(equip)withsometools，thefarmerswalkedintothemountain.[小片段填空]Thecourseisdesignedto①equipstudentsforgoingcamping，sotheboys②equippedthemselveswithfoodandwaterandthensetoff.③Equippedwithsomemodern④equipment,theboysheadedfortheforesthappily.(equip)eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點8)lackn．&vi.&vt.缺乏，短缺；沒有，不足(教材P19)Othersworkoutforhoursattheweekendtomakeupfortheirlackofexerciseduringtheweekdays.其他人在周末鍛煉幾個小時以彌補他們在工作日缺乏的鍛煉。[例1]Hesaidtherewasnolackofthingsforthemtotalkabout.他說他們不缺話題談。[例2]Despitehislackofexperience,hegotthejob.盡管缺乏經(jīng)驗，他還是得到了那份工作。[造句]他缺乏信心。Helacksconfidence.[歸納拓展](1)forlackof由于缺少……(2)belackingin缺少……(3)lackforsth.沒有……，缺少……(4)alackof缺乏……[即學即練]單句語法填空①Theboydidn'tgotoschoolforlackofmoney.②Lacking(lack)inmoney，theboydidn'tgotoschool.③Shelacks/lacked(lack)themoneytobuynewshoes.④Youcan'tbesuccessfulwhenthereisalackoftrustinarelationship.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點句式1)Ithasbeenproventhat...句式(教材P16)Ithasalsobeenproventhatactivepeopletendtohavebetterimmunesystemsandareatlowerriskofdiseases.事實也證明，經(jīng)常運動的人往往會有更好的免疫系統(tǒng)，患病的風險較低。[句式分析]本句屬于“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that...”，其中that引導主語從句，it是形式主語。[例1]Itisbelievedthatglobalwarmingisduetohumanactivities.人們相信，全球變暖歸因于人類的活動。[例2]Itisreportedthatone-thirdofcitizensplantobuyacar.據(jù)報道，三分之一的市民打算買車。[造句]據(jù)說大多數(shù)學生贊成他的建議。Itissaidthatmostofthestudentssupporthissuggestion.[歸納拓展](1)常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的句型有：Itisbelievedthat... 據(jù)認為……Itissaidthat... 據(jù)說……Itisreportedthat... 據(jù)報道……Itishopedthat... 人們希望……Itisthoughtthat... 大家認為……Itiswell-knownthat... 眾所周知……Itissuggestedthat... 有人建議……(2)“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that...”可以改寫為：從句主語＋be＋done＋不定式(即sb.issaid/believed/reportedtodo/tobedoing/tohavedone...)或者Peoplesay/believe/...that...[翻譯1]Itissaidthat(據(jù)說)hehasbeentoJapan.[翻譯2]Itissuggested(有人建議)thatthemeetingshouldbeputoff.[即學即練]單句語法填空①Itishoped(hope)thattheairinthiscitywillbecomemuchcleaner.②Hissonissaidtobestudying(study)inaforeigncountrynow.③Heis/wasthought(think)tobethegreatestpersonintheworld.④Itishopedthattheycanpassthewrittenexaminationthistime.eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式2)todo...作后置定語(教材P17)Whenyouplananexerciseroutine,thefirstthingtoconsideriswhatyouexpecttoimprove:heartandlungefficiency,musclestrengthorflexibility.制訂鍛煉計劃時，首先要考慮的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善，是心肺功能，肌肉力量還是柔韌性。[句式分析]句中不定式toconsider作定語，修飾thefirstthing，與thefirstthing之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。被修飾詞為序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時，常用不定式作后置定語。[例1]TuYouyouisthefirstChinesewomantowintheNobelPrize.屠呦呦是第一個獲得諾貝爾獎的中國女性。[例2]Heisamongthebeststudentstodotheexperiment.他是做這個實驗最好的學生之一。[造句]他每天總是最后一個來。Heisalwaysthelastonetocomeeveryday.[歸納拓展](1)當被修飾詞前有thenext,theonly,thelast，thevery等時，常用不定式作后置定語。(2)英語中常用不定式作后置定語的情況主要還有：①抽象名詞time，way，ability，reason，chance，courage，opportunity等后常用不定式作定語。②不定代詞something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定語。[翻譯1]Itwasthefirstplaytowin(它是贏得……的第一部戲劇)allthethreeofthesemajorawards.[翻譯2]Thenextthingtodo(下一步要做的事情)istorelaxyourselfcompletely.[即學即練]單句語法填空①IfIhaveanyfurthernews,youwillbethefirstpersontoknow(know)．②Theabilitytoexpress(express)anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.③IhadachancetovisittheGreatWalllastmonth.④Shehasonlyalittleroomtolivein．eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式3)of＋抽象名詞(教材P17)Whentoeatisalsoofgreatimportance．何時吃飯也很重要。[句式分析]“of＋抽象名詞＝形容詞”可用于說明主語的性質(zhì)。常見的有use,value,help,importance等。[例1]Iregardthisasofgreatimportance.我認為這個很重要。[例2]TheworkIamdoingisnotofmuchvalue.我正在做的工作沒有什么價值。[造句]他們對英語學習者有很大幫助。TheyareofgreathelptothelearnersofEnglish.[歸納拓展](1)為了強調(diào)某種抽象的含義，在抽象名詞前面可用little,some,anyno,great,notmuch等修飾。(2)有的可用同根形容詞代替，如importance/important,use/useful,value/valuable等。(3)of后可接age,color,size,height,opinion等名詞，表示主語的類別特征，名詞前一般加不定冠詞或thesame。[翻譯1]TheNobelPrizeisofgreatimportance(很重要)toChinesemedicine.[翻譯2]Theseflowersareofdifferentcolors(顏色都不同)．[即學即練]單句語法填空①Thearrivalofcanalswasofgreatvaluetomanyindustries.②Hisspeechisoflittlesignificance(significant)．③Heisofthesameweightashisbrother.④Idon'twanttohearwhatyouaresaying.Itisofnointeresttome.1．(教材P16)Somestudiesevenshowthatexerciseimprovescertainbrainfunctions,meaningyoucouldactuallyexerciseyourwaytobetterperformanceatschool![分析]此句為主從復合句。句中show后面的that引導賓語從句，其中meaningyoucouldactuallyexerciseyourwaytobetterperformanceatschool為現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，而且meaning后也是省略了連詞that的賓語從句。[譯文]一些研究甚至表明鍛煉會改善大腦的某些功能，這意味著實際上你可以通過鍛煉來提高學業(yè)成績！2．(教材P17)Whenyouplananexerciseroutine,thefirstthingtoconsideriswhatyouexpecttoimprove:heartandlungefficiency,musclestrengthorflexibility.[分析]此句為主從復合句。其中，when引導時間狀語從句；what引導表語從句。[譯文]制訂鍛煉計劃時，首先要考慮的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善，是心肺功能，肌肉力量還是柔韌性。教材高考1.Mostpeopleassumethatregularexercisedoeswondersforyourbodyandmind—butwhatexactlyareitshealthbenefits？(2019·江蘇卷)Wearesofondofourhighintelligencethatweassumethatwhenitcomestobrainpower,moremustbebetter.2.Ithasalsobeenproventhatactivepeopletendtohavebetterimmunesystemsandareatlowerriskofdiseases.(2019·江蘇卷)Hismusiccouldstophisdiseasefromworsening.3.Likecarsthatrunonpetrol,yourbodyburnscarbohydratesforenergy.(2019·江蘇卷)Morewindpowerstationswillspringuptomeetthedemandforcleanenergy.4.Topreventsofttissueinjury，makesurethatyouwearproperclothesandequipmentwhenexercising.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Topreventthebirdsfrombeingkilled.5.Othersworkoutforhoursattheweekendtomakeupfortheirlackofexerciseduringtheweekdays.(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)Thisiswhatmotivationorthelackofitcando.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Itisassumed(assume)thattimeisthemosthonest.2．Theclubalsooffereditscongratulations(congratulation)toD．Brownonherappointmentaspresident.3．Thereisatendency(tend)forthisdiseasetoruninfamilies.4．Today'sannouncement(announce)ofapeaceagreementcameafterweeksofdiscussion.5．Trystretching(stretch)yourlegsandpullingyourtoesupwards.6．Wedidn'tfindanythingofvalueinyourinformation.7．Weshouldtryourbesttomakeupforourloss.8．Shefeltnervous,lacking(lack)inconfidenceaboutherself.9．Theproductwasdevelopedinresponsetocustomerdemand.10．Theoldaddingmachinewasreplaced(replace)withacomputermanyyearsago.Ⅱ.短語填空dowonders;stickwith;onaverage;makeupfor;putfinishingtouchesto;inresponseto;nowthat;playarolein1．Englishplaysaroleintheinternationalcommunication.2．Thesleepingtimeforsenior3studentsisaboutsixhoursorsoperdayonaverage．3．Workhardertomakeupforthetimewas