2019英語新一線北師大必修四講義UNIT11SECTIONⅠWARMUPLESSON1-PREREADING

MediaisMediaisattheveryheartofsocietyandbusiness.Asanimportanttoolforpeopletoexchangeminds,mediainitsmanyformsinvolvesagreatdealofvaluewhosecontenthasdevelopedinanincreasingspeed.Mediahasalargeeffectoneverybody’slife.Amongallkindsofmediaforms,massmediaarethemostimportanttoolsofcommunication.Throughtheinformationpassedbymassmedia,wecanknoweventhefarthestendoftheworld.Theyenableustocommunicatewitheachotherbyhelpingustoovercomethebarriersoftimeandspace.Massmediaaffectusinvariousways.Theykeepuswellinformedofthehappeningsoftheworldwhichwouldotherwiseremainunknown.Becauseofthegreatinfluencemassmediacanmake,alargenumberofproductsandbrandscomeintoourmindsthroughadvertisements.Aswecansee,newspapers,magazinesandTVarefilledwithallkindsofcolours,persuadingustobuytheirproducts.Also,massmediagiveusentertainment.Everyday,abigvarietyofprogramsarebroadcastingaroundtheclockonTVandradio.Films,booksandmagazinesallgiveusdailyamusement.Overthelastdecade,massmediahavechangedalot.Weevenhaveseenmanynewmediacreated.Everyonewilllikethemedia,producingandspreadinginformationtoanycorneroftheworldthroughtheInternet.Mediawillbemorecomplicatedandmultiple.Let’slookforwardtothefutureofmedia,hopingthedevelopmentofmediawillbringlargebenefitstopeople.Section_ⅠWarm-up&Lesson1—Pre-reading[原文呈現(xiàn)]AfricaonG8Agenda①July5,2005ScotlandTheGroupofEight,orG8,wasformed②byeightoftheworld’swealthiestnations③in1998.TheG8ismadeupof④political⑤leadersfromFrance,theUnitedStates,Britain,Germany,Japan,Italy,CanadaandRussia.Theymeeteverysummertodiscussmajorproblemsthatconcernthewholeworld⑥.[讀文清障]①agenda/?'d?end?/n.議程②formv．形成，組成n．形式intheformof以……的形式③nation/'neI?n/n.國(guó)家；民族nation側(cè)重指國(guó)民；state側(cè)重指政權(quán)；country主要指疆土。④bemadeupof由……組成consistof＝bemadeupof，但consistof無被動(dòng)形式。⑤political/p?'lItIkl/adj.政治的⑥that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾problems。非洲問題擺上八國(guó)首腦峰會(huì)議程[第1段譯文]2005年7月5日蘇格蘭1998年世界上最富有的8個(gè)國(guó)家組建了八國(guó)集團(tuán)(或稱G8)。八國(guó)集團(tuán)由法國(guó)、美國(guó)、英國(guó)、德國(guó)、日本、意大利、加拿大和俄羅斯的政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人組成。他們每年夏天會(huì)面，討論有關(guān)全世界的重要問題。Itisgoingtoberememberedas⑦ahistoricalmeetingthisyear,asthetopicofAfricawillbediscussedindetail⑧.Widespread⑨poverty⑩inAfricameansthatmanypeopletherecannotgetthewater,clothing,housing,electricity?oreducationtheyneed?.AIDS?isanotherproblemofgreatconcernsosex?educationandhealthcareadministration?areextremelyimportant.Reforms?havebeendemanded?bypeoplefromallovertheworld.Theywanttheleaderstocancelthedebt?ofAfrica’spoorestcountriessothattheproblemstherecanbepreventedfrom?gettinganyworse?.Theirbeliefeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))isthatthisistheonlywayformanyofthesenationstoescapetheirpainfuleq\o(○,\s\up1(22))pasts.⑦berememberedas作為……被記?、鄆ndetail詳細(xì)地⑨widespread/'waIdspred/adj.廣泛的⑩poverty/'p?v?ti/n.貧窮，窮困?electricity/Ilek'trIsIti/n.電?theyneed是定語從句，修飾前面的thewater...oreducation。?AIDS/eIdz/n.艾滋病?sex/seks/n.性，性別?administration/?d?mInI'streI?n/n.管理，行政?reform/rI'f??m/n.改革，改良?demand/dI'mɑ?nd/vt.要求，請(qǐng)求?debt/det/n.債務(wù)，欠款indebt欠債outofdebt不欠債?bepreventedfromdoing為preventsb.fromdoing的被動(dòng)形式。?sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，該從句中的canbeprevented是含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))belief/bI'li?f/n.信仰；信心；信任eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))painful/'peInfl/adj.令人痛苦的，引起疼痛的[第2～3段譯文],今年的會(huì)議將會(huì)作為一次歷史性的會(huì)議留在人們的記憶中，因?yàn)榉侵迒栴}將是本屆會(huì)議詳細(xì)討論的問題。非洲普遍的貧困意味著那里的很多人不能得到他們需要的飲用水、衣服、住所、電力及教育。艾滋病是人們極為關(guān)注的另一個(gè)問題，所以性教育和保健管理非常重要。,全世界的人們都要求改革。他們希望這些國(guó)家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人取消非洲最貧困國(guó)家的債務(wù)，以防止那個(gè)地區(qū)的問題再惡化。他們堅(jiān)信，這是使許多非洲國(guó)家擺脫痛苦過去的唯一出路。LONDONWINSJuly6,2005LondonAt12：45UKtimetoday,thenameofthehosteq\o(○,\s\up1(23))cityforthe2012OlympicGameswasbeingannouncedeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))bytheInternationalOlympicsCommitteeeq\o(○,\s\up1(25))(IOC)inSingapore.ItwasLondon.London’snamehadbeenannouncedtwicebefore,in1908and1948,soitnowhasthedistinctioneq\o(○,\s\up1(26))ofbeingthefirstcitytohosttheeventthreetimeseq\o(○,\s\up1(27)).Applicationseq\o(○,\s\up1(28))tohostthegameshadalsobeenmadebyMoscow,Madrid,NewYorkandParis.Intheend,itcamedowntoeq\o(○,\s\up1(29))achoicebetweenParisandLondon.Thenewsisbeingcelebratedeq\o(○,\s\up1(30))bycrowdsinthestreets.Cheeringpeoplecanalsobeseeneverywhere:inpubseq\o(○,\s\up1(31))，homesandofficesalloverLondon.PrinceWilliam,whoisnowinNewZealandeq\o(○,\s\up1(32))，saidhewasdelightedeq\o(○,\s\up1(33))thatthe2012OlympicGameswouldbeheldinLondonandhewaslookingforwardtoeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))theGames.eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))host/h??st/n.主人；主辦(國(guó)/城市/機(jī)構(gòu))；vt.主辦hostessn．女主人eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))announce/?'na?ns/vt.宣布，宣告eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))committee/k?'mIti/n.委員會(huì)theInternationalOlympicsCommittee/IOC國(guó)際奧林匹克委員會(huì)eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))distinction/dI'stI?k?n/n.特質(zhì)；殊榮；區(qū)別eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))動(dòng)詞不定式短語作后置定語，修飾thefirstcity。eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))application/??plI'keI?n/n.申請(qǐng)(書)；應(yīng)用makeanapplication(tosb.)for(向某人)申請(qǐng)……eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))comedownto結(jié)果是，可歸結(jié)為eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))celebratev．慶祝congratulate祝賀eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))pub/p?b/n.小酒館，酒吧eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾PrinceWilliam。eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))delighted/dI'laItId/adj.高興的，愉快的bedelightedatsth./bysth./withsth./todosth.很高興做某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))lookforwardto盼望，期待倫敦贏了[第4～6段譯文]2005年7月6日倫敦今天英國(guó)時(shí)間12：45，國(guó)際奧林匹克委員會(huì)在新加坡宣布了2012年奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)主辦城市的名字——倫敦。倫敦這一名字在1908年和1948年曾被宣布過兩次，所以現(xiàn)在它獲得了第一個(gè)三次主辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)的城市的殊榮。申請(qǐng)主辦這屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)的城市還有莫斯科、馬德里、紐約和巴黎。最后的結(jié)果是在巴黎和倫敦之間作出選擇。街頭成群的人們?cè)跉g慶這個(gè)消息。在倫敦的酒吧、家里和辦公室，到處都可以看到歡慶的人們。正在新西蘭的威廉王子說，他很高興倫敦將主辦2012年奧運(yùn)會(huì)，他期待著奧運(yùn)會(huì)的到來。Pre-readingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．widespreadA．事件，事情2．reformB．要求，請(qǐng)求3．committeeC．信仰，信心，信任4．publishD．解釋，說明5．incidentE．證據(jù)，證明6．photographerF．委員會(huì)7．politicalG．宣布，宣告8．electricityH．申請(qǐng)(書)；應(yīng)用9．demandI．爆炸10．beliefJ．?dāng)z影師11．a(chǎn)nnounceK．政治的12．a(chǎn)pplicationL．電13．explodeM．改革，改良14．evidenceN．廣泛的15．explanationO．出版，發(fā)行1～5________6～10________11～15________答案：1～5NMFOA6～10JKLBC11～15GHIEDLead-inLookatthefollowingpicturesandfigureoutwhatkindsofmediatheyare.答案：1.TV2.Internet3.magazine4.radio5．newspaperWhile-readingFast-readingSkimthetitleandthepicturescanhelpyoutoknowwhatthetextisabout.Thearticleismadeupoftwo1.piecesofnews.Thefirstone:2.Africa_on_G8_Agenda,_whichisaboutwhatis3.G8andthetopicofAfrica4.will_be_discussed_in_detail.Thesecondone:5.London_Wins,_whichshowsussomethingaboutthe20126.Olympic_Games.Careful-reading(Ⅰ)True(T)orFalse(F)．1．G8standsforeightpresidentsoftheworld’swealthiestnations.__F__2．TheGroupofEightwillbereformedthisyear.__F__3．G8hasdecidedtocancelthedebtofAfrica.__F__4．At12：45UKtimetodayLondon’snamehasbeenannouncedtwice.__F__(Ⅱ)Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．Whichofthefollowingisthereasonthatmakesthismeetingunusual?A．Theywilldiscussmajorproblems.B．Theydon’tmeeteveryyear.C．G8standsfortheworld’swealthiestnations.D．ThetopicofAfricawillbediscussedcarefullythisyear.2．HowcantheG8nationshelpAfrica’spoorestcountries?A．TheydiscusstheproblemsinAfrica.B．TheycangivemanypeopleinAfricafood,houses,andsoon.C．TheycancancelthedebtofAfrica’spoorestcountries.D．TheycanhelpthepeopleinAfricatreattheirAIDS.3．WhataresomeofthemajorproblemsinAfrica?A．Manypeoplecannotgetwater.B．Manypeoplecan’tgetclothing,housing,electricityoreducationtheyneed.C．AIDS.D．Alloftheabove.4．Fromthesecondnews，wecanlearnthefollowinginformationEXCEPTthat________.A．a(chǎn)llthepeopleinLondonwereveryexcitedB．LondonhasdefeatedMoscow，Madrid，NewYorkandParisC．LondonhasbecomethefirstcitytohosttheeventthreetimesD．PrinceWilliamwasdelightedatthenewsinLondon5．Fromthetwonews,wecaninfer________.A．ParisisLondon’sstrongestcompetitorinhostingthe2012OlympicGamesB．a(chǎn)t12：45UKtimeLondon’snamehasbeenannouncedtwiceC．PrinceWilliaminNewZealandaskedtheBritishtocelebrateactivitiesforthenewsD．G8hasdecidedtocancelthedebtofAfrica答案：1～5DCDDAStudy-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．WidespreadpovertyinAfricameansthatmanypeopletherecannotgetthewater,clothing,housing,electricityoreducationtheyneed.[句式分析]本句為主從復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句；theyneed為定語從句，修飾前邊的幾個(gè)名詞。[嘗試翻譯]非洲普遍的貧困意味著那里的很多人不能得到他們需要的飲用水、衣服、住所、電力及教育。2．TheywanttheleaderstocancelthedebtofAfrica’spoorestcountriessothattheproblemstherecanbepreventedfromgettinganyworse.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]他們希望這些國(guó)家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人取消非洲最貧困國(guó)家的債務(wù)，以防止那個(gè)地區(qū)的問題再惡化。3．PrinceWilliam,whoisnowinNewZealand,saidhewasdelightedthatthe2012OlympicGameswouldbeheldinLondonandhewaslookingforwardtotheGames.[句式分析]本句為主從復(fù)合句。其中，who引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞PrinceWilliam；hewasdelighted...是賓語從句，作said的賓語，省略了that。在這個(gè)賓語從句中又含有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(也可認(rèn)為原因狀語從句)，跟在形容詞delighted后面。該句中最后一個(gè)and連接前后兩個(gè)并列分句。[嘗試翻譯]正在新西蘭的威廉王子說，他很高興倫敦將主辦2012年奧運(yùn)會(huì)，他期待著奧運(yùn)會(huì)的到來。Ⅰ.閱讀理解AMakinganadvertisementfortelevisionoftencostsmorethanamovie.Forexample,atwo-hourmoviecosts$6milliontomake.ATVcommercialcancostmorethan$6,000asecond.Andthatdoesnotincludethecostofpayingforairtime(播送時(shí)間).Whichismorevaluable,theprogrammeorthead?Intermsofmoney—andmakingmoneyiswhattelevisionisallabout—thecommercialisbyfarthemoreimportant.Research,markettesting,talent,timeandmoney—allcometogethertomakeuswanttobuyaproduct.Nomatterhowbadwethinkacommercialis,itworks.Thesalesofcharmwentuponcetheadsbegan.TVcommercialsactuallybuytheirwayintoourhead.We,inturn,buytheproduct.Andtheadsworkbecausesomuchtimeandattentionaregiventothem.Herearesomerulesofacommercialadmaking.Ifyouwanttogetthemiddle-classbuyers,makesuretheannouncerhasatough,manlyvoice.Putsomepeopleintheadwhoworkwiththeirhands.Ifyouwanttosellproductstoupper-classaudience,makesurethatthehouse,thefurniture,andthehairstylearethetypesthatthegroupidentifieswith.Ifyouwantthebuyertofeelsuperiortothecharactersellingtheproduct,thenmakethatpersonsostupidorsillythateveryonewillfeelgreatabouthimselforherself.Welaughatcommercials.Wedon’tthinkwepaythatmuchattentiontothem.Butevidenceshowswearekiddingourselves.Themakingofacommercialthatcostssomuchmoneyisnotkidstuff.It’sbig,bigbusiness.Andit’stellinguswhattothink,whatweneed,andwhattobuy.Toputitsimply,theTVcommercialisaformofbrainwashing.eq\x(語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了電視商業(yè)廣告的運(yùn)作。)1．TVcommercialsaremoreimportantthanotherprogrammestotelevisionbecause________.A．theybringingreatprofitsB．theyrequirealotofmoneyC．theyarenotdifficulttoproduceD．theyattractmoreviewersthanotherprogrammes解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知，正因?yàn)樯虡I(yè)廣告能帶來很大的利潤(rùn)，所以對(duì)于電視來說，它們比其他節(jié)目都重要。2．ThepurposeofalltheeffortsmadeinturningoutTVcommercialsisto________.A．persuadepeopletobuytheproductB．showhowvaluabletheproductisC．testthemarketvalueoftheproductD．makethemasinterestingasTVmovies解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，商業(yè)廣告所做的一切努力都是為了促使人們?nèi)ベI商品。3．Fromtherulessetformakingcommercialads,wecanseethat________.A．themiddle-classbuyerlikestoworkwithhishandsB．themorestupidthecharacters,themorebuyersoftheproductC．a(chǎn)ddesignersattractdifferentpeoplewithdifferentskillsD．a(chǎn)nupper-classbuyerismoreinterestedinhousesandfurniturethanamiddle-classbuyer解析：選C推理判斷題。由第三段內(nèi)容可知，為了吸引不同購(gòu)買力的顧客，商業(yè)廣告設(shè)計(jì)者使用不同的手段來宣傳產(chǎn)品。4．Itisbelievedbythewriterthat________.A．fewpeopleliketowatchTVcommercialsB．TVcommercialsareagoodguidetobuyersC．TVcommercialsoftenmakepeoplelaughD．peopledonotthinkhighlyofTVcommercials解析：選D推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中“Wedon’tthinkwepaythatmuchattentiontothem.Butevidenceshowswearekiddingourselves.”推斷可知答案。BDoyoudaretosleeponthewildside?JoinusforBunkwiththeBeastsovernightadventures.Theseovernightsareheldonzoogrounds,withsleepingaccommodationinside,attheGatesEducationEachBunkwiththeBeastsovernightadventureisspecificallydesignedwithactivitiesthatarerelatedtothethemeoftheBunkyouhavechosen.Yourgroupwillexploreexhibits,learnfunfacts,andtakepartinlearninggamesorstoriesthatarerelatedtoyourBunktopic.TheDenverZoocovers80acres,andishometomorethan4,000animals,representingover750differentspecies.Youwillnotseeeverythinginjustonevisit,butyoucandivedeeperintothetopicathand.Participants(參與者)arefreetoexplorethezooonyourownaftertheBunkends,ifyouwouldliketoseesomeoftheexhibitsandanimalsnotrelatedtoyourchosentopic.Theovernightadventuresofferamorepersonalizedexplorationofthezoo.Eachadventureincludesdifferentactivitiesspecifictothetheme,butyoucancountonanactive,fun-filledexperiencethatincludes：

AguidedzootourfocusingonanimalsrelatingtotheBunktheme；

Anunexpectedmeetingwithanimals；

Avarietyofeducationalgamesandactivities；

Anopportunitytoseethezooatnight,withoutthelargecrowds.Time:6：00pmonMay3,2016to10：00amonMay4,2016Ages：6－14Cost：$52perchild.Onechaperone(監(jiān)護(hù)人)perevery10childrenisfree.Additionalchaperonesare$42perperson.eq\x(語篇解讀：本文為應(yīng)用文。文章旨在為丹佛動(dòng)物園的BunkwiththeBeasts冒險(xiǎn)之夜做宣傳。)5．WhatdoweknowaboutBunkwiththeBeastsovernightadventures?A．Theyhaveonethemeeachyear.B．Theyareheldalltheyearround.C．Theymainlyaimateducatingpeople.D．Theyallowparticipantstosleepatthezoo.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段“Theseovernightsareheldonzoogrounds,withsleepingaccommodationinside,attheGatesEducationCenter.”可知，BunkwiththeBeasts冒險(xiǎn)之夜允許參與者睡在丹佛動(dòng)物園里。6．ParticipantsofBunkwiththeBeastsovernightadventures________.A．begintheiractivitiesat6：00amB．cangoaroundthezoobythemselvesC．willseeover750differentanimalsinavisitD．willbeguidedaroundthezooaftertheBunkends解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段“ParticipantsarefreetoexplorethezooonyourownaftertheBunkends”可知，參與者在冒險(xiǎn)之夜活動(dòng)結(jié)束后可以自行免費(fèi)游覽動(dòng)物園。7．If10childrenwithtwochaperonesgototheovernightadventures,theyshouldpay________.A．$420 B．$520C．$562 D．$604解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由“Cost：$52perchild.Onechaperoneperevery10childrenisfree.Additionalchaperonesare$42perperson.”可知，十個(gè)小孩加兩個(gè)大人需要支付十個(gè)小孩和一個(gè)大人的費(fèi)用共562美元。CTheconsumeralwayshashadtobeclever,butwiththeeconomyworseandworse,thestakes(賭注)havebeenraised.Thesharksareoutthereattractingusin,desperateforourmoney.Youcan’tbelieveeverythingyouread,eveninanewspaper.Ijustsawanairlineadforholidaytravel,promisingmeinVERYLARGEtypethatIcouldgoalmostanywherefor$199.Then,whenIlookedalittlecloser,therewasastarthatreferredmetothetinytypeatthebottomofthepagethatthe$199wasaone-wayfare.ButIcouldn’tmakeaone-waytrip.Ihadtobuyaround-tripticket.Idon’thaveacluewhytheydidn’tjustsaytheroundtripticketwas$398.Infact,Ithinkit’samuchmorepowerfulsellingpoint.Forjustunder$400you’reabletoreturnhomefromaholiday.Whointheirrightmindwouldwantaone-wayticket?Butperhapsthecruelestmarketingtrickdoneonusisthe“caloriesperserving(一份食物的熱量)”onfoodpackaging.Foryears,Ilivedhappilywiththebeliefthateachpackagewasaserving.Ididn’trealizethateachboxorbaghadanumberofservingsinit.SoIate.Whoeverbelievedawholebagofpotatochipscouldhaveonly150calories?Me.Andyes,I’mafool.ButonceIlearnedthetrickthathadbeenplayedonme,Ibecamebored.Iwouldmultiplythenumberofservingsinthebagwiththecaloriesperserving,quicklyrealizingmillionsofcalorieswerehidinginthosecontainers.Ifinallycalmedmyselfdownandnowdon’tevenlookatthecaloriesperserving.Itmakeslifeeasier.That’swhymyrecentpurchaseofthefirstboxofholidayeggnog(蛋奶酒)wassuchapleasure.Santacancounttheservings.I’lldrinktillIsleep.Ifonlythatmattress(床墊)wereonsale.eq\x(語篇解讀：本文通過舉例告訴我們：不要被商家的虛假信息所迷惑。)8．Consumersalwayshavehadtobecleverbecause________.A．mostpeoplearelackingmoneyB．newspapersalwaystellfalsestoriesC．therearemanyattractivesalesmenaroundD．theyareeasilycheatedbyadsorsomething解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段可知，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的蕭條，消費(fèi)者買東西要更加小心，因?yàn)榈教幎汲涑庵摷傩畔?，消費(fèi)者很容易受騙。9．Intheauthor’sopinion,thepriceof$199was________.A．toohightoacceptB．reasonabletopayC．equalto$400inrealityD．notpracticalatall解析：選D推理判斷題。由第二段可知，作者認(rèn)為199美元只是單程票的費(fèi)用，而顧客所需要的一般是雙程票，因此，此項(xiàng)優(yōu)惠并不實(shí)用。10．Whydoestheauthorthinkofhimselfasafool?A．Heatealotoffoodpoorincalories.B．Hebelievedpotatochipswerehealthyfood.C．Hethoughteachservinghadfewcalories.D．Hemistookcaloriesofperservingforeachbag’s.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。作者長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來認(rèn)為一份食物所含的熱量就是一包食物所含的熱量，殊不知，一包食物并不只是一份食物的量，因此作者認(rèn)為自己是個(gè)傻子。11．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．Goodsonsaleareusuallybad.B．Adstodayarehardtounderstand.C．Buyersshouldbewareofmarketingtricks.D．Forgettingthecaloriesmakeslifeeasier.解析：選C主旨大意題。作者通過舉例告訴讀者：不要被商家的虛假信息迷惑。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五TheInternethasopenedupawholenewonlineworldforustomeet,chatandgowherewe’veneverbeenbefore.Butjustasinface-to-face