2020高考英語代詞、名詞單句填空、語法填空精選試題17

瘋狂專練五代詞和名詞單句填空+語法填空技巧點撥\當句子缺主語或賓語時，填代詞：人稱代詞主格和賓格、指示代詞或it。因為充當主語或賓語的應(yīng)是名詞或代詞，而在語法填空的純空格中一般是不要求考生填名詞的，所以只要句子缺主語或賓語，就填代詞。此時，要根據(jù)前后語境，看該空格是指人還是事物，指男還是指女，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。除人稱代詞外，也有可能是填不定代詞等。還有可能是填作形式主語或形式賓語的it，替代后面作真正的主語或賓語的不定式、動名詞或從句。解題技巧如下：第一步：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。若句子缺主語，則要填代詞主格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it；若動詞或介詞后面缺賓語，則要填代詞的賓格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it。如果該賓格與主語是同一人，應(yīng)用反身代詞。第二步：理解句子意思。根據(jù)各個代詞的意義和用法，以及句子所需的意義，填入合適的代詞。?？伎键c\人稱代詞（主格/賓格）反身代詞名詞性物主代詞常考的不定代詞指示代詞I/memyselfmineother/anotherthis/thatyouyourself/yourselvesyoursboth/neither/either

he/himhimselfhisall/noneshe/herherselfhersnothing/nobodyititselfitseverything/everybodythese/we/usourselvesoursanything/anybodythosethey/themthemselvestheirssomething/somebody名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化:情況構(gòu)成方法讀音例詞一般情況加-s清輔音后/s/；濁車甫音和元音后讀/z/map-maps地圖bag-bags書包/袋子以s,ss,x,ch,sh等結(jié)尾的詞加-es-es讀/iz/bus-buses公共汽車class-classes課以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞多數(shù)將-f和-fe變v加-es-ves讀/vz/wife-wives妻子leaf-leaves樹葉shelf-shelves架子

knife-knives小\刀wolf-wolves狼thief-thieves賊/小偷half-halves半life-lives生命記憶口訣：妻子用樹架小刀將賊和狼劈成2半結(jié)束它們的生命以兀音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞(a,e,i,o,u)直接加-s-s讀/z/boy-boys男孩day-days天monkey-monkeys猴子holiday—holidays假日toy-toys玩具 key-keys鑰匙/答案記憶口訣：男孩和猴子天天在節(jié)假日玩玩具和鑰匙以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的非專有名詞a,e,i,o,u變y為i再加es-s讀/z/library-libraries圖書館family-families家庭hobby-hobbies業(yè)余愛好以輔音字母+0結(jié)尾的名詞一般加-es-es讀/z/Negro-Negroes黑人hero—heroes英雄tomato-tomatoes西紅柿potato-potatoes土豆mango-mangoes芒果

記憶口訣：黑人英雄喜歡吃西紅柿，土豆還有芒果以兀音字母+0結(jié)尾的以及外來名詞加-S-S讀/z/zoo-zoos動物園photo-photos照片kangaroo-kangaroos袋鼠bamboo-bamboos竹子radio-radios收音機piano-pianos鋼琴記憶口訣：（動物園）（照片）中的（袋鼠）可以用（竹子）聽（收音機）和彈（鋼琴）單復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞保持不變deer-deer鹿sheep-sheep綿羊fish-fish魚people-people人/人們Chinese-Chinese中國人English英國人Japanese-Japanese日本人Vietnamese-Vietnamese越南人Swiss瑞士人Portuguese葡萄牙人Lebanese黎巴嫩人記憶口訣：草原上吃草兩種動物：鹿和綿

羊水里游的魚；中日英三國家人；越，瑞，葡，黎4四國家人表示某國人名詞的復(fù)數(shù)直接加shuman-humans（人，人類）German-Germans（德國人）Russian-Russian（俄羅斯人）American-Americans（美國人）Italian-Italians（意大利人）Indian-Indians（印度人）Canadian-Canadians（加拿大）Australian-Australians（澳大）Swede-Swedes（瑞典人）記憶口訣：人類/德國俄，美，意，印，加，瑞復(fù)數(shù)加S無連字號復(fù)合名詞以后面名詞變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)律保持一致mooncake-mooncakes（月餅）bookcase-bookcases（書櫥）armchair-armchairs（輪椅）toothpick-toothpicks（牙簽）housewife-housewives（家庭主婦）gentleman-gentlemen（紳士）bookshelf-bookshelves（書架）stopwatch-stopwatches（秒表）wineglass-wineglasses（酒杯）

birthday-birthdays（生日）blackboard-blackboards（黑板）greenhouse-greenhouses（溫室）第一個名詞是man,woman的復(fù)合名詞兩者都要變復(fù)數(shù)manteacher-menteachers（男老師）womandoctor-womendoctors（女醫(yī)生）男人/女人做定語修飾名詞，兩者都需要變復(fù)數(shù)以f,fe結(jié)尾特殊名詞直接在詞尾加sroof-roofs（屋頂）chief—chiefs（首領(lǐng)）serf—serfs（農(nóng)奴）reef-reefs（礁石/暗礁）hoof-hoofs（馬蹄）cliff-cliffs（懸崖）gulf—gulfs（海灣/鴻溝）belief-beliefs（信仰/信念）proof-proofs（證據(jù)）記憶口訣：（屋頂）上的（首領(lǐng)）踩著（礁石）和（馬蹄）帶領(lǐng)（農(nóng)奴）在（懸崖）（鴻溝）上找到了（信仰）和（證據(jù)）.改內(nèi)部雙兀音及其它字母的名詞復(fù)數(shù)man---men男人woman-women女人ox-oxen牛以及一些外來詞名詞加ren或者加enchild—children（孩子們）goose-geese鵝tooth-teeth牙齒foot-feet腳mouse-mice老鼠loues-lice寄生蟲basis-bases（基礎(chǔ)）（將i變?yōu)閑）記憶口訣：（男人/女人a該e）（牛孩子們加en/ren）（老鼠寄生將m,l后面改為ice）.【2018?全國卷III】WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind(they)alive..【2017?全國卷II】However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusingeveryday..【2017?全國卷II】Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork..【2018?全國卷III】I'ma(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys..【2018?全國卷I改編】Itshowedthatamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall7(cause)..Nervouslyfacingchallenges,IknowIwillwhisperto(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself'..Likeuniversitystudents,UShighschoolstudentshavethefreedomtochoosethe

coursesthatmostinterest(they)..LastOctober,whiletendinghergarden,shepulledoutahandfulofsmall(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway..Onceinaspeechthe64-year-olddirectorsharedhisideaabouthowtomaketraditional(treasure)comealiveagain..Thenhestartedtobuildmoreandmorekindsof(model).、直擊考題passagel體裁主題體裁主題記敘文寓言故事字數(shù)建議用時214字8分鐘【河南省豫西名校2018屆高三下學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考】Thestoryhappenedinancienttimes.Akingwassocleverthathethoughtofagoodwaytotest1hismenwerereliable.Oneday,hehadahugerock2(place)onaroadwayatnight.Thenhehid3(him)nearbyandwatchedcarefullytoseeifanyonewouldremovethebigrock.Some4(wealth)businessmenandhighofficialscameby,buttheysimplywalkedaroundit.Manyofthemevenloudlyblamedthekingfornotkeepingtheroadsclear,butnoneofthemwouldbother 5(get)thebigstoneoutoftheway.Thenavillagercamealongcarryingaloadofvegetables.On6(approach)thebigrock,hestoppedandlaiddownhisburden,tryinghardtomovethestonetothesideoftheroad.Aftermuchpushing,he7(final)succeeded.Asthevillagerpickeduphisloadofvegetables,henoticedapurselyingintheroadwheretherock8 (be).Thepursecontainedmanygoldcoinsandanotefromtheking,sayingthatthegoldwasfortheperson9removedthehugerockfromtheroad.Thevillagerlearnedavaluablelessonthatmanyotherswouldneverunderstand:Everyobstaclepresents10opportunitytoimproveone,scondition.passage2體裁主題字數(shù)建議用時議論文故宮博物館201字9分鐘【2019屆湖北八校高三第二次聯(lián)考試卷】Forthefirsttimein94years,thePalaceMuseumhasextendeditsopeninghours,allowingthepublictocelebratetheLanternFestivalatnightintheancientpalace.About3,000luckyvisitorsreceivedfreeticketsfromthegovernment,among1wasZhangZhifu,a77-year-oldpublicsecurityvolunteer.It,samarkofgratitudeforhervolunteerwork.“Itis2(true)anhonortobegrantedthisspecialprivilege,”Zhangsaid.Toguaranteethe3(safe)ofthepalace,festivalorganizers4(plan)thisyear,sLanternFestivaleventusedLEDlightsratherthantraditionalpaperlanternsandredcandles.It,safascinatingeventforvisitorstoabsorb5(they)inthefestiveatmosphereinthemuseum.DiscussionofthePalaceMuseum,snewlooklitupsocialmediafollowingTuesday'sdisplay.SincehebecamedirectorofthePalaceMuseum,ShanJixiang6(bring)manychangestothewords7(large)royalcomplex健筑群).Onceinaspeechthe64-year-olddirectorsharedhisideaabouthowtomaketraditional8(treasure)comealiveagain.“ 9matterstoamuseumisnothowmanyvisitorstheyhave,buthowclosetheyare10people,sdailylives,”hesaid.passage3體裁話題主題建議用時記敘文日常生活遇險得救7分鐘【四川省天府名校2020屆高三上學(xué)期第一輪聯(lián)合質(zhì)量測評試題】Macwascyclingalongaroad.Withaheavycampbag,hewasn,tmovingveryfast.Suddenlyheheardloudbreathingbehindhim.1(look)tohisside,hewas2(terrify)tofinditwasn,tadogbutawolfthatwasrunningafterhim.Hereached3thesprayinthebag.Withonehandonthehandlebar,hefiredit.Abrightredcolorcoveredthewolfanditfellbackshakingitshead.Butaminute4(late)itwasbyhissideagain.Hesprayed5secondtime,thewolffallingbackagainbutonlytoquicklyrestart6(it)attack.Thewolfwasgettingcloser.Macwavedandyelledatpassing7(motorist)butmeanwhilerodehard.Heknewclearlyhemustbecarefulnottoslowdown.8(fortunate),PaulandBeckyweredrivingalongthesameroadwhentheyspottedthescene.TheydrovetowardMac.Whenthecarwasinfrontofhim,Macjumpedoffthebikeanddashedforthebackdoor.Paul_9(open)thedoorsoastoletMacin.Itwasquiteawhile^l0^^Macbecamecalmandthankedthem.passage4體裁主題字數(shù)建議用時議論文“夸夸”群209字8分鐘【2019年廣東省梅州市高三第一次質(zhì)量檢測】Aphenomenonknownas“in-need-of-praise”hastakenChinesesocialmediabystorm.UserscannowjoinachatgrouponWeChatorQQ,wheretheywill^^^(praise)andgainencouragementfromothers——foraprice.The“in-need-of-praise”chatgroupsareareflectionofChineseculture2valuesmodestyandhumility(謙遜)，leadingmanypeopletooftencovertheirtrueemotions.InChineseculture,3(open)seekingandgivingpraiseisuncommon.ThetrendseemedtohavestartedwithachatgroupontheplatformDoubanfouryearsago.SinceMarchmanyotherchatgroups4(become)popular,especiallyamongyoungpeople.Forthem,gainingrecognitionfrompeersismoreimportantthangettingapprovalfromoldergenerations.Theycanfeel5senseofbelongingandgainpraiseinthesechatgroups,whichis6(benefit)totheirmentalhealth.It,salsoanoutletforuserstoshow7(kind)andsupporteachother.Lifepressurecanbebigenough,soweneedtobesurroundedbywarm8(word),orevensomeblindconfidence.Butanyone9(receive)orgivingpraiseinsuchgroupsshouldbecautious.Thebiggestriskistheconstantfocusonthe“falseself,”whichmakes10hardertoseethe“trueself'.答案與解析【答案】them【解析】考查代詞。此處做find的賓語，所以用賓格them?！敬鸢浮縤t【解析】考查代詞。句意：但是，鐵路很快被印證是一次偉大的成功，在6個月里，25,000多人每天都使用它。it指代therailway，故填it。【答案】crowds【解析】考查名詞。此處表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，crowd前沒有冠詞，且它是可數(shù)名詞，故填crowdso【答案】scientist【解析】考查名詞。句意：我是一名研究動物的科學(xué)家，研究比如猿和猴子。根據(jù)句意可知，此處指科學(xué)家，故填scientisto【答案】causes【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。一項研究表明，僅僅每天5到10分鐘的跑步，就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。根據(jù)句意用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填causeso【答案】myself【解析】句意：緊張地面對挑戰(zhàn)，我知道我將輕聲對自己說兩個簡單的字“做你自己”。本句的主語是I,當賓語與主語是同一人稱時，賓語要用反身代詞。故填myselfo【答案】them【解析】分析句子可知，interest為定語從句的謂語，后接人稱代詞賓格做賓語。

故填them。【答案】carrots【解析】考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)上文的'ahandfulof'可知，此處表示一把小胡蘿卜，所以應(yīng)用carrot的復(fù)數(shù)形式?！敬鸢浮縯reasures【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：在一次演講中，這位64歲的導(dǎo)演分享了他關(guān)于如何讓傳統(tǒng)寶藏重新煥發(fā)生機的想法。treasure為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示數(shù)量不止一個，故填名詞復(fù)數(shù)treasureso【答案】models【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：然后他開始建立越來越多的模型。model為可數(shù)名詞，且根據(jù)上文moreandmorekindsof可知應(yīng)填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式modelso直擊考J直擊考Jpassagel【答案】whether/ifplaced.himself4.wealthywhether/ifplaced.himself4.wealthytogetapproachingfinallyhadbeen9.who/that10.an【解析】1.1.考查連詞。句意:試他的部下是否可靠的好方法。分析句意可知是從句中缺少一個連接詞，從意思分析是“是否”之意，故用whether/if。.考查過去分詞作賓補。句意：一天晚上，他把一塊大石頭放在巷道里。根據(jù)句意可知stone和place是被動關(guān)系，石頭是被放置，故要用過去分詞作賓補。所以要用placedo.考查反身代詞。句意：然后他躲在附近，仔細觀察，看是否有人會把那塊大石頭移走。hidehimself比&由丫0把自己藏在附近。故用反身代詞himselfo.考查形容詞做定語。句意：一些有錢的商人和高級官員走過來，但他們只是繞著石頭走。wealth用于修飾businessmen,修飾名詞的要用形容詞，故用wealthy。.考查固定搭配。句意：他們中的許多人甚至大聲責備國王沒有保持道路暢通，但他們誰也不愿把那塊擋在路上大石頭移走。bothertodo不愿意做，故填toget。.考查動名詞。句意：這時，一個村民提著一袋蔬菜走了過來。他走近那塊大石頭，停下來放下包袱，努力把石頭移到路邊。ondoingsth.為固定用法，"一……就”，故填approchingo.考查副詞。句意：幾經(jīng)努力，他終于成功了。副詞在句子中作狀語，修飾整個句子，故要用finally。.考查過去完成時。句意：當村民拿起他的蔬菜時，他注意到在原來有石頭的路上有一個錢包。分析句子可知是在曾有巖石的路上，而石頭已被他搬走了。他搬走了石頭發(fā)生在過去，即大石頭所在的路是過去的過去，要用過去完成時。故用hadbeen。.考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。句意：錢包里有一個紙條說“金子是給把巨石從大路上搬走的那個人的?！狈治霰揪淇芍猼heperson是先行詞，在從句中作主語，故用who/thato.考查冠詞。句意：這個村民學(xué)到了許多人永遠不會明白的寶貴教訓(xùn)：每一個障礙都是改變現(xiàn)狀的機會。Opportunity是元音讀音開頭的，要用an，表示數(shù)字“一”。故用anopassage2

5.themselves【答案】5.themselves1.whom2.truly3.safety4.planninghasbrought7.largest8.treasures9.What 10.to【解析】.考查定語從句連接詞。句意:大約3000名幸運的游客獲得了政府的免費門票，其中包括77歲的公安志愿者張志福。whom引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，修飾先行詞visitors，且在定語從句中作介詞among的賓語，指人，故填whom。.考查副詞。句意：能被授予