高三英語外刊改編模擬題閱讀理解命題訓(xùn)練

高中英語外刊選文·原創(chuàng)閱讀理解命題訓(xùn)練（3）TheAmazingBrainOurbrainsaretrulyamazing.Theyallowustothink,learn,feel,andinteractwiththeworldaroundus.Thebrainismadeupofover100billionnervecells,calledneurons,whichareresponsibleforsendingandreceivingsignalsthatcontrolallofourbodilyfunctions.Butdidyouknowthatthehumanbrainisalsocapableofchangingandadapting?Thisiscalledneuroplasticity,anditmeansthatourbrainscancreatenewneuralpathwaysandreorganizeexistingonesbasedonourexperiencesandbehaviors.Forexample,ifyoulearnanewskill,suchasplayinganinstrumentorspeakinganewlanguage,yourbrainwillcreatenewneuralconnectionsthatstrengthenwithpractice.Andifyousufferaninjuryorillnessthataffectsyourbrainfunction,yourbrainmaybeabletoreorganizeitselftocompensateforthedamage.Researchersarestilllearningaboutthefullextentofthebrain'sabilities,butonethingiscertain:themorewechallengeourbrains,thestrongertheybecome.ReadingComprehensionQuestions:1.Whatareneuronsresponsibleforinthebrain?A.ControllingbodilyfunctionsB.CreatingnewneuralpathwaysC.AdaptingtonewexperiencesD.ReceivingandsendingsignalsAnswer:D.Neuronsareresponsibleforreceivingandsendingsignalsthatcontrolbodilyfunctions.2.Whatisneuroplasticity?A.TheabilityofthebraintocreatenewneuralpathwaysB.TheabilityofthebraintoadaptandchangeC.TheabilityofthebraintoreorganizeexistingneuralpathwaysD.TheabilityofthebraintostrengthenneuralconnectionswithpracticeAnswer:B.Neuroplasticityreferstothebrain'sabilitytochangeandadapt.3.Howdoeslearninganewskillaffectthebrain?A.Itcreatesnewneuralconnectionsthatweakenwithpractice.B.Itcreatesnewneuralconnectionsthatstrengthenwithpractice.C.Itdamagesexistingneuralpathways.D.Ithasnoeffectonthebrain.Answer:B.Learninganewskillcreatesnewneuralconnectionsinthebrainthatstrengthenwithpractice.4.Whatcanthebraindoifitsuffersaninjuryorillness?A.Itcancreatenewneuralpathways.B.Itcanreorganizeitselftocompensateforthedamage.C.Itcan'tdoanythingtorepairthedamage.D.Itcanonlycreatenewneuralconnectionsinunaffectedareas.Answer:B.Thebrainmaybeabletoreorganizeitselftocompensatefordamagecausedbyinjuryorillness.5.Whatistherelationshipbetweenchallengingthebrainanditsstrength?A.Themorethebrainischallenged,theweakeritbecomes.B.Themorethebrainischallenged,thestrongeritbecomes.C.Thebrain'sstrengthisnotaffectedbychallenges.D.Thebrainbecomesstrongerifitisnotchallenged.Answer:B.Themorewechallengeourbrains,thestrongertheybecome.·ComprehensionQuestions:Howdoesneuroplasticityrelatetothebrain'sabilitytolearnandadapttonewexperiences?Answer:Neuroplasticityreferstothebrain'sabilitytochangeandadapt,andthisallowsthebraintocreatenewneuralpathwaysandreorganizeexistingonesbasedonourexperiencesandbehaviors.Therefore,neuroplasticityiscloselyrelatedtothebrain'sabilitytolearnandadapttonewexperiences.Canneuroplasticityhelpindividualsrecoverfrombraininjuriesorillnesses?How?Answer:Yes,neuroplasticitycanhelpindividualsrecoverfrombraininjuriesorillnesses.Ifthebrainsuffersaninjuryorillness,itmaybeabletoreorganizeitselftocompensateforthedamage.Thismeansthatthebraincancreatenewneuralpathwaysorstrengthenexistingonesinunaffectedareasofthebrain,whichcanhelpcompensateforthedamagecausedbytheinjuryorillness.Forexample,ifsomeonehasastrokethataffectsthelanguagecenteroftheirbrain,neuroplasticitymayallowotherareasofthebraintotakeonsomeofthelanguagefunctionsandhelpthepersonrecoversomeoftheirlanguageabilities.However,theextenttowhichthebraincanrecoverfrominjuryorillnessvariesdependingontheseverityofthedamageandtheindividual'suniquecircumstances.3.Howdoestheconceptofneuroplasticitychallengethepreviouslyheldbeliefthatthebrainisfixedandunchangeable?Answer:Theconceptofneuroplasticitychallengesthepreviouslyheldbeliefthatthebrainisfixedandunchangeablebecauseitsuggeststhatthebrainhastheabilitytochangeandadaptbasedonourexperiencesandbehaviors.Neuroplasticityshowsthatthebrainiscapableofcreatingnewneuralpathwaysandreorganizingexistingones,whichmeansthatthebrainisnotasrigidandunchangeableaspreviouslybelieved.4.Howcanindividualsusetheconceptofneuroplasticitytoimprovetheircognitiveabilitiesandoverallbrainhealth?Answer:Individualscanusetheconceptofneuroplasticitytoimprovetheircognitiveabilitiesandoverallbrainhealthbyengaginginactivitiesthatchallengethebrainandpromotethecreationofnewneuralpathways.Forexample,learninganewskill,playingbraingames,orengaginginphysicalexercisecanallhelppromoteneuroplasticityandimprovebrainfunction.Additionally,avoidinghabitsthatcandamagethebrain,suchasexcessivealcoholconsumptionordruguse,canalsohelpmaintainbrainhealth.5.Whataresomepotentialimplicationsofongoingresearchonneuroplasticityforthetreatmentofneurologicaldisorders?Answer:Ongoingresearchonneuroplasticityhasthepotentialtoleadtonewtreatmentsforneurologicaldisorders.Byunderstandinghowthebraincanadaptandchange,researchersmaybeabletodeveloptherapiesthatpromoteneuroplasticityandhelpindividualsrecoverfrombraininjuriesorillnesses.Additionally,researchonneuroplasticitymayalsoprovideinsightsintotheunderlyingcausesofneurologicaldisordersandleadtonewtreatmentsforconditionssuchasAlzheimer'sdisease,Parkinson'sdisease,andstroke.However,moreresearchisneededtofullyunderstandtheimplicationsofneuroplasticityforthetreatmentofneurologicaldisorders.Translation/翻譯：神經(jīng)可塑性是指大腦可以改變其結(jié)構(gòu)和功能，以適應(yīng)環(huán)境和經(jīng)驗的變化。在過去，人們認(rèn)為大腦是固定的，不能改變，但神經(jīng)可塑性研究表明大腦可以在很多方面改變，包括學(xué)習(xí)、記憶、運動和情感反應(yīng)。神經(jīng)可塑性的發(fā)現(xiàn)在治療神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病、康復(fù)和提高認(rèn)知能力方面具有潛在意義。·Grammarpoints/語法知識點提煉：1.Passivevoice:Thepassivevoiceisusedinthesentence"Neuroplasticityshowsthatthebrainiscapableofcreatingnewneuralpathwaysandreorganizingexistingones",wherethesubjectofthesentence(thebrain)isreceivingtheaction(creatingnewneuralpathwaysandreorganizingexistingones).Thisisacommonwaytodiscussscientificfindingsinacademicwriting.2.Modalverb:Themodalverb"can"isusedthroughoutthetexttodescribethebrain'sabilitytochangeandadapt.ThisverbisoftenusedtoexpresspossibilityorabilityinEng