志勝高中8完型閱讀七選五寫作實戰(zhàn)訓練

練第二部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分第一節(jié)：單項填空（151分,15分從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。例：It’ssonicetohearfromheragain. ,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.A.What’s B.That’sto C.Inother D.BelieveitorThepartylastnight success.Wesanganddanceduntilitcame endat1:00Aa; Bthe Ca D.不填;ThelibraryboughtthreeDVDcopiesofAvantaand isleft.SomepeopleareonthewaitingA. B. C. D.Inthelasttenyears likethis;sheiskillingherA. B.is C. D.hasbeenInthisbalanceddiet,fruitandvegetablesare A. B. C. D.Keepsilent,please.Theweather andIwanttoA.is B.isbeing C.hasbeen D.hadbeenIf bringchildrenwithyou,naheadandbringsomethingforthemtoyA. B. C. D.Theysaidtheproblemwasintheengine,whichwasjustwhat A.had B.have C. D.willpayhisexpensesatuniversity,RegalsoworkedasastudentA.HelB. C.Being D.ToOnce totheenvironment,ittakesyearstohavethesystemA.does B.isdone C.willbedone 30.—Isthemedicineforsale?—No.Scientistssayit’llbethree theytryoutthemedicineonhumanA. B. C. D.Enteringtheroom,Ifoundmy atthedesk A.seat; B.seated; C.seated; D.seating;Marywishesthat lawinsteadofhistorywhenshewasinA.had B. C.has D. longdistancesfrequentlyhavetodecidewhethertheywouldprefertogobyland,seaorA.to B. C. D.—Ican’tfindMr.Smith.Wheredidyoulastseehimthis—ItwasintheheA.B.C.D.Insomeofthepicturesthesubjectsareoutof thebackgroundisA. B. C. D.第二節(jié)：完形填空（201.5分,30分閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將Ahike,alongwalkinthegreenmountainnearby,wastheperfectorderoftheday.Theboyswereexcitedabouttheidea.Itwouldbe36tobeaway.AfterlunchI37Daniel,agedtenandWes,sevenyearsold,fightfortheir38.SoIsaid,“Guys,let’sjustusethebackpacksandtakeanicehikethisafternoon.”Soonwemade39thetrailupthemountain.MyeldestsonChuckjoinedusandledthetrip.Thelittleguyswalkedonthetrailwiththeirbackpacks,hats,and40filledwithwater.IlaughedasIwatchedWeslurching(躊躇而行)alongthetrail41withallhisequipment.Hefollowedhisbrothers42nottodropbehind.Notasoundofunhappiness43hislips.Finally,IaskedWesifIcould44thepackforhim.Hesdandhandedthethingtome.IkeptWes’spackandaskedhim,“What’sinthepack?”“Acalculator,Dad,”hesaid.Ithoughtmaybehepackedabook,biscuits,orsomeapples.Anyofthesewouldmake45.“It’skindof46.Didyouputsomethingelseinhere?”Iasked.“No,justthe47,”hesaid.Heinsistedtheonlythingthepackcontainedwasacalculator.Thenit48mewhathemeantbyacalculator.Hewastalkingaboutthe49desktopaddingmachinethathadbeenunderfootathomeforthelastfewweeks!“Whydidyouputaheavymachineinyour“Ijust inmypackandIlikethemachine,”heWell,kidsarefunandfullof .IlaughaloteverytimeIthinkofitandIamremindedwhata thingitistohavealittleboytohikewith.It’sgoodtogetoutanddosomethingwith —visit,ridebikes,walkthedog,orgotoIfyoucan’tthinkof todo,throwanaddingmachineinabackpack the36.A.B.C.D.37.A.B.C.D.38.A.B.C.D.39.A.B.C.D.40.A.B.C.D.41.A.B.C.D.42.A.B.C.D.43.A.B.C.D.44.A.B.C.D.45.A.aB.aC.D.46.A.B.C.D.47.A.B.C.D.48.A.B.C.D.49.A.B.C.D.50.A.B.C.D.51.A.B.C.D.52.A.B.C.D.53.A.B.C.D.54.A.B.C.D.55.A.B.C.D.第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),40分,閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,AOnSundayafewofusdecidedtotakeadvantageofthefirstsunnydaywe’dhaveforagestotakeatripdowntothecoasttovisitthepenguinsagain.LasttimeIwentdowntherewasacoupleofmonthsagoanditwasadullcoldday.Sundaycouldn’thavebeenmoredifferent—clearskiesandsunshinemadeitfeellikesummer,althoughitwasstill-Sixofusdrovetothecoast.Itwasthefirsttimewe’dbeenoffthebaseonour penguinsandtheirchickownwithoutourfieldassistant,soithadaslightlydifferentfeeling—morelikeafewfriendsgoingtotheseasidethananAntarcticfieldtrip!WhenwereachedWindyCreek,weluckilycaughtsightofquiteafewsmallflyingseabirds,whichareseldomseenthere.Onceontheseaicewefoundthatsomeofthemorecuriouspenguinshadwanderedoverfromthemaingrouptocomeandcheckusout.We’dbeentoldthatthentheywerenursingtheirchicksandtheywouldbemorecarefulandnervousthanlasttime,butthatdidn’tseemtobethecase.Wewalkedacrosstothemaingroupwhichwerestretchedforacoupleofalongthecoast.Wesatdownforsomesandwichesandsoonfoundourselvessurroundedbymanycuriousobservers.Withoutanyattackersonland,theywereverybraveandcamewithinameterofustoposeforphotos.Beforeheadingback,wespentafewhoursontheseaicewatchingthepenguinsandtheirchicks,whichhadgrowndramaticallysinceourlastvisit.ItwassuchaniceWhendidthetripmostprobablyOnadull B.OnawarmC.Onasummer D.OnawinterItcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatthesix feltalittle B.feltalittlegotboredwithfollowingtheirfieldwereleftallbythemselvesontheAntarcticWhatdoesthewritermeanbysaying“butthatdidn’tseemtobetheTheyweretolda B.AwrongdecisionwasC.Thetruthwasthe D.Theydidn’tbelievewhattheywereThesixpeopledidthefollowingduringthetrip feedingthe B.takingpicturesoftheC.enjoyingwatchingflying D.watchingtheyoungBPuttingMoviesonMoviesinthetheatergettheirrecognitionatceremoniessuchastheOscars.Buthowaboutmoviesforphones?TheyaregettingtheirturnatMoFilm—thefirstfilmfestival.ThefirstMoFilmcompetitionreceived250entriesfrommorethan100countries.Entrieswererestrictedtofithatwerefiveminutesorlessinlength—bestforviewingandsharingonphones.Anindependentteamofjudgesthenselectedashortlistoffivefilm-makers.Thewinnerwaschosenfromtheshortlistbyanaudiencevotingusingtheirphones.New highlighttheincreasinginfluencethatphonesareshowingintheentertainmentindustry.Manygrassrootsfilmmakersstartoutwithshortfi.Theyarethwartedbythelackofopportunitiestoscreentheirwork.Therefore,phonesareincreasinglybeingseenasanewtformfortheseshortworks.Itisagoodceforanyonewhowantstoexpressthemselvesandfindawaytohavethatexpressionbeseenbyawideaudience.Justthinkabouthowmanypeoplehavephonesintheworld!MoFilmispioneeringcontentforandonlineservicesthatisaworldawayfromHollywood.Themajorityoffimadeforsarenowshortinlength,takingintoaccountthescreensize.Howeverthiscould eastechnologyInthenearfuture,longerfi willlikelybeseenonthe phone.Andthereare creatingphoneswhereuserscanwatchmoviesathigherquality.Whereveryouseemovies,onethingiscertain:thequalityofwork,thesimpleabilityatstoryling,andthethingthatinspiressomeonetolastorycanreallycomefromanywhere.Atthefirst thebestfiwerefiveminutesorlessinover100countriestookpartinthemoviesinthetheatergottheirthewinnerwaschosenbyexperts’Theunderlinedword“thwarted”means A. B. C. D.Nowadaysthemajorityoffimadeforsareshortinlengthbecause online B.thescreenC.technology D.theCThroughouttime,peoplehavelovedmusicforitsabilitytotransportthemintoaworldofrhythmandmelody.Recentlymoreandmorehospitalsandclinicshavebeentapintothepowerofmusic—notonlytocomfortpatients,buttohelpcurethemaswell. etotheworldofmusictherapy.Aftereachofthetwoworldwars,musiciansvisitedhospitalsandyedinstrumentsforinjuredsoldierssufferingfromemotionalandphysicalpain.Today’smusicthescontinuethispractice,yinginstrumentssuchasguitarsandharpstobringcomforttotheiraudiences.TheEricMammenencourageshispatientsatachildren’shospitaltoparticipatewithhimasheys.Duringvisitswith13-year-oldcancerpatientLawrenceGarcia,MammenencouragesGarciatobeatonelectricdrumswhileheystheguitar.Thetherapywon’tcurehiscancer,butitdoes,accordingtoGarcia’smom,takeawaymuchoftheboy’sdepression(沮喪).MusictherapycanputpatientsinbettermoodsandeasethesymptomsofdepressionaccordingtotheAmericanMusicTherapyAssociation.Otherbenefitsincluderelievingpain,calmingtension,aidingsleep,reducingworryorfear,andeasingmuscletension.JoseHaroallyexperiencedthebenefitsofmusictherapywhenhewasrecoveringfromheartsurgery.Duringhisrecovery,heyedapianowhosekeyslitup,indicatingwhichkeystotouchtoyalongwiththebackgroundmusic.Soonhewasyingtunesandnoticingsomethingstrange.“Iwassearchingformypain.”Hesaysofhisexperience,“butitwasgone.”WhileHaro’sexperienceprovidesanevidenceofthepowerofmusictorelievepain,scientificresearchhasprovenmusicalsohelpspatientswithAlzheimer’sdiseaseandarthritis.Inaddition,musictherapyhelpsprematurebabies.Doctorsaretapintoapowerfulwaytoteachprematurebabiesthathaven’tyetlearnedhowtosuck.Doctorsuseadevicethatcomfortsthebabiesbyyingmusicwhentheysuckonapacifier(奶嘴Soon,thebabieslearntosuckinreturnformusic,gainingweightfasterandgoinghomeearlierthanthosewhodon’tusethedevice.Evenperfectlyhealthypeoplearediscoveringthepowerofmusictocalmandheal.Drumcirclesattractpeoplewhofindstressreliefinbeatingoutrhythms.Whilemusicisn’tacure-all,itdoesmakelifealittleeasier.Inthefirstparagraph,theunderlinedphrase“tapinto”canberecedby B.lookingC.showinginterest D.makinguseAccordingtothepassage,Jose wentthroughanobviouseffectofmusiconhiswasaskedtoythepianowiththebackgroundfeltnopaininhissurgerybecauseofmusicFromthepassage,we musiccanpreventpeoplefromsufferingfromGarciafoundmuchcomfortinmusicaccordingtohismusicianscuredmanysoldiersaftereachofthetwoworldthemoremusictheylistento,thefasterprematurebabiesgainWhatisthebesttitleforthisMusictoPatient B.MusicPopularinC.MusiciansWorkwith D.People’sLifeBenefitsfromDCultureisthetotalsumofallthetraditions,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeverundevelopedoruncivilizeditmayseemtobe.Totheprofessionalanthropologist(人類學家),thereisnosuperiorityofonecultureoveranotherjustastotheprofessionallinguist(languageexpert)thereisnodifferentranksamonglanguages.Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguageofbackwardgroupsasuncivilizedandundevelopedformsofspeech,consistinglargelyofgruntsandgroans.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsorgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof“backward”languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex,delicate,andinligentpiecesofmachineryforthetransferofsoundpatternorgrticalstructures.Theseusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguages’needsexceptintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisdepartment,however,twothingsaretobenoted:(1)Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.(2)Theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin“backward”languages.Someofthese“backward”languagesareoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicatedintheseaspects.Awesternlanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness(“this”and“that”);somelanguagesoftheAmericannsdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortotheaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orintheThisstudyoflanguage,inturn,castsanewlightupontheclaimoftheanthropologiststhatallculturesaretobeviewedindependently,andwithoutideasofrank.WesternlanguagesaresuperiortoeasternAlllanguagescomefromgruntsandTherankoflanguagesisdifficulttobeNolanguageisbetterorworsethantheThepassagestatesthatthelanguagesofmostuncivilizedpeople B.mostseverelyC.extremely D.Accordingtothearticle,somelanguagesofAmericanns takenfromtheirownremotemorecivilizedthanwesternactuallyborrowedfromotherabletodistinguishmoredegreesofWecaninferthattheauthor aprofessionalalinguistaswellasanalanguageresearcherfromthealinguistfroma“backward第二節(jié)（52分,10分,WhatisaForcenturies,peoplehavewonderedaboutthestrangecesthattheyseemtovisitintheirsleep.However,theyhavebeenvaluedasnecessaryto 'shealthandHistoricallypeoplethoughtdreamscontainedmessagesfromGod.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsscientificallybelievingthattheylabouta 'scharacter.72Hebelievedthatdreamsallowa toexpressfantasiesorfears,whichwouldbesociallyunacceptableinreallife.Thesecondtheory epopularwasCarlJung'scompensationtheory.Jung,aformerstudentofsaidthatthepurposeofadreamisnottohidesomething,butrathertocommunicateittothedreamer.73Thus,peoplewhothinktoohighlyofthemselvesmaydreamaboutfalling;thosewhothinktoolittleofthemselvesdreamofbeingheroes.Usingmorerecentresearch,WilliamDomhofffromtheUniversityofCaliforniafoundthatdreamingisamentalskillthatneedstimetodevelopinhumans.,74Untiltheyreachagefive,theycannotexpressverywellwhattheirdreamsareabout.Oncepeople eadults,thereislittleornochangeintheirdreams.Thedreamsofmenandwomendiffer.Forinstance,Thecharactersthatappearinthedreamsofmenareoften othermen,andofteninvolvephysicalaggression.Themeaningofdreamscontinuestobedifficulttounderstand. Ifyoudreamthatalovedoneisgoingtodie,donotpanic.Thedreammayhavemeaning,butitdoesnotmeanthatyourlovedoneisgoingtoA．Dreamsmakeupforwhatislackinginwakinglife.B．However,peopleshouldnottaketheirdreamsasreality.C．TheyhavebeenconsideredasmeaninglessnighttimeD．ItgivesscientistschancestobetterunderstandhumanE．ChildrendonotdreamasmuchasF．Theythinktheirmindistryingtolthemsomething.G．First,therewasSigmundFreud’stheory.練習二–Hurryup!There’sabus–Whyrun?Therewill oneintwoorthreeA. B. C.the D.any–Theconstantnoisearound –Calmdown.It’snousecom B. C．is D.hadItpuzzleshimwhypeopleherearesointerestedinwhathisjobis. thatquestionA.has B.gets C.is D.was–Sunnyhadtogiveaspeechinfrontof500people–Whew!That’sabigaudience. havebeenA. B. C. D.–Ilikeyournew–Thanks.Ihadtotryonalmostadozen IdecidedtogetA. B. C. D.underthetreewasacharminggirlagedaboutseventeenandA. B. C.To D.Therewereseveralmessagesfrompeople,mostof Ididn'tknow,onmyansweringmachinewhenIgotA. B. C. D. manyalbumsandwillprobablymakemanyA. B. C.had D.hasEducation remainswhenwehaveforgottenallwehavebeenA. B. C. D.–Tomisveryupset.Iwish –Itoldyounotto,butyouwouldn’tA.didn’t B.hadn’t C.haven’t D.wouldn’tThemoviewassoterrifyingthatshekepther throughmostofA. B. C.having D.beingthelittleboyknowssomuchaboutnaturereallysurpriseshisteachersandA. B. C. D.Accordingtosomestudies,EQ important,ifnotmoreimportantthanA. B. C. D.Whilestudying,fixyourmindonwhatisreallyimportant,oryou A.end B.take C.lead D.stickScientistshavecreatedtheworld’ssmallest aboutafifthofthewidthofahumanA. B. C. D.to“Meg,weneedtotalk.”“Surething,Dad.”“Ihavebeentothe severaltimesoverthelastfewdays,andwell,Meg,Ihaveabraincancer.”“Justokay?”Itwasthesecondhalfofmysenioryear,that37inagirl’slifewhenallthereallybigexcitingeventsarehappening.Myfinalperformance,myeighteenthbirthdayandmygraduation,all38mymindinjusttwoshortmonths.BymyfinalperformanceDadcouldn'treallygivehisfull39onit,buthewasthere.Hebravelysatthroughmybirthdaydinner,andhe40togetoutofthehospitalformygraduation.41thosemonths,webothwerecaringaboutthesamething—me.Hisdoctorsaidthatby42onallmyfutureevents,itkeptmydad43longer.Ninedaysaftermyhighschoolgraduation,myfatherdied.Forthenexttwoweeksafterhis44,Ididn’tleavemyroom.Finally,mymomcamein,openedmyblindsandgavemealetter.Itwasfrommyfather’sdoctor.Hewroteabouthowmyfather45himtochangehislifeandthewayheworked.“…Hewasnot46apatienttome.He47moreforthepeoplearoundhimthanhedidhisown48.Ihavenevermetsomeonewhoputeveryoneelsefirst.Hewasthetypeof I49tobe.”Iwas50.IcametoknowwhatIshouldDayslater,Igotajobasasummercampcounselor.I51everythingIhadtotheselittlekids,andslowlytheyhelpedtohealmewithouteven52whattheywereng.Theirinnocencehadhelpedme53someofmine.Thatsummer54partsofthelifemyfatherledinhislastfewdays.Ihadlearnedthe55lessonmyfatherwasteachingme—inordertoleadafulfillinglife,youmustlearnhowtogiveofyourselftoothers.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D. B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié) 分ASeveralyearsago,JimTurnerheardaprogramontheradiofortheN.C.Children’sHospitalanddecidedhecouldusehisloveoforigamiarttohelpthehospitalraisemoneyformuch-neededprograms.Soattheageof13,Turnerbeganmakingorigamigreetingcardsandsellingthemtofloristsandstationerystorestobenefitthehospital.Hisfundraisingprogram,knownasHeartbeatsforKids,hassinceraisedmorethan$2,500forthehospital.“ThefirstcardsImadehadaheartinthemandyoucouldremovetheheartfromthecardandmakeitbeat,”Turnersays,exininghowhecameupwiththenameforthefundraiser.Nowa17-year-oldhighschooljunior,Turnerhaslesstimetodevotetocard-making,becauseorigamiislaborintensiveandeachcardcantakeupto30minutestodesign.ButTurnerstillenjoysorigamiartandhascreatedoriginaldesignsthathavebeenselectedforexhibitsthattourthecountryandworld.Turnerisaninterestingmixtureofengineer,andphilanthropist.Hismother,PeggyTurner,saysfoldingorigamiisacombinationofmathandartthathashelpedhersondevelophisspatialvisualizationof3-Dobjects.Turnerisalsoinvolvedincommunityserviceatschoolandathischurch.HewasnamedaDistinguishedFinalistthisyearforthe2010PrudentialSpiritofCommunityforhiscommunityserviceactivities,includingtheHeartbeatsforKidsproject.Intheprocessofhisvolunteerefforts,Turneralsomanagedtobeoneoftheonly381youthsinthecountrytoearnthetopscoreof2,400onhisSAT.MakingandsellingthegreetingcardshastaughtTurneraboutmanagingasmallbusiness.“Ilearnedyouneedtohavesomebodywhowillsupportyou,”hesays.“BusinessesIselltohavebeenverynicetome.”Thecardsbenefitnotonlythehospital,butalsothepeoplewhobuythecardsorgetthecards.Turnerseesitasawaytobringpeopletogether.Turner’soriginalpurposeofmakingandsellinghiscardswas showhislovefororigami B.collectmoneyfortheC.learnhowtomanagea D.bringmorepeopleFromParagraph3,wecanlearnthatcard needsphysicalandmental B.iswellworthC.takesupalotofTurner’s D.isdifficulttoWhatdoesthe lusaboutHehas easuccessfulHespendsalotofhistimeworkingforhisHedesignsaheartineachcardthathasbeenHedoeswellinbothhislessonsandcommunityThepassageismainly akidwhomakesa B.origamiartthathelpsearnC.makingandsellinggreeting D.gettinginvolvedincommunityBDearTodayIwasattheshopmallandIspentalotoftimereadingtheFather’sDaycards.TheyallhadaspecialmessagethatinsomewayoranotherreflectedhowIfeelaboutyou.YetasIselectedandread,itoccurredtomethatnotasinglecardsaidwhatIreallywanttosaytoyou.You’llsoonbe84yearsold,Dad,andyouandIwillhavehad55Father’sDaystogether.Ihaven’talwaysbeenwithyouonFather’sDaybutI’vealwaysbeenwithyouinmyheart.Youknow,Dad,therewasatimewhenwewereseparatedbythegenerationgap.YoustoodononesideoftheGreatDivideandIontheother.TheFather-DaughterDuelshiftedintohighgear（檔位）whenyoutaughtmetodrivetheoldDodgeandIdecidedIwoulddrivethe'54Chevywhetheryoulikeditornot.TheofficerwhosentmehomeafteryoureportedtheChevystolendidn’thavemuchtoleranceforastubborn16yearold,whileyouweresotolerantaboutit,Dad,andIthinkthatwasprobablywhatmadeittheworstnightofmylife.OurrelationshipgreatlyimprovedwhenImarriedamanyouliked,andthingsreallyturnedaroundwhenwebeganmakingbabiesrightandleft.Somewherealongtheline,thegenerationgapdisappeared.IsupposeIsawusandourrelationshipasagingtogether,ratherlikeafinewine.Butthestrangestthinghappenedlastweek.IwasatastopsignandIwatchedasyouturnedthecornerinyourcar.Itdidn’timmediayoccurtomethatitwasyoubecausethemandrivinglookedsoelderlyandfragilebehindthewheelofthathugecar.Itwasratherlikeaslapinthefacedeliveredfromoutofnowhere.PerhapsIsawyourageforthefirsttimethatIguesswhatI’mtryingtosay,Dad,iswhateverysonanddaughterwantstosaytotheirDadtoday.HonoringafatheronFather’sDayisaboutrespectandsharingandacceptanceandtoleranceandgivingandtaking.It’saboutlovingsomeonemorethanwordscansay，andit’swishingthatitneverhadtoend.Iloveyou,HowdidJennyprobablyfeelonthenightshewassenthomebythe

A. B. C. D.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatJennyandher keptintouchbywritingeach B.areseparatedduetothegenerationC.havebeengettingalongvery D.hadahardtimeunderstandingeachWhydidJennyfeelstrangewhenshesawherfatherlastSheseldomsawhimdrivingthathugeShehadneverrealizedhisbeingoldandShedidn’texpecttomeetwithhimShehadneverseenhimdrivingsoslowlyJennywrotehisfatherthisletter A.lhimabouttheir B.saysorryforherbeingC.expresshergratitudeto D.remindhimoftheCWhilesomescientistsoverlooktheexistenceofasixthsensefordanger,anewresearchfromWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louishasidentifiedabrainareathatclearlyactsasanearlywarningsystemandhelpsusadjustourbehaviortoavoiddangeroussituations.“Ourbrainsarebetteratpickingupnotobviouswarningsignsthanwepreviouslythought,”saidJoshuaBrown,PhD,aresearchassociateinpsychologyintheFeb.18issueofthejournalScience.ThefindingsofferexactscientificevidenceforanewwaytoformaconceptofthecomplexcontrolprocessestakingceinandaroundtheACC,abrainarealocatednearthetopofthefrontallobesandalongthewallsthatdividetheleftandrighthemispheres（大腦半球）.“Inthepast,wefoundactivityintheACCwhenpeoplehadtomakeadifficultdecision,oraftertheymadeamistake,”Brownsaid.“Butnowwefindthatthisbrainareacanactuallylearntorecognizewhenyoumightmakeamistake,evenbeforeadifficultdecisionhastobemade.SotheACCappearstoactasanearlywarningsystem—itlearnstowarnusinadvancewhenourbehaviormightleadtoanegative e,sothatwecanbemorecarefulandavoidmakingamistake.”Byprovidingaclearerpictureofthecognitivemechanisms(認知結(jié)構)bywhichweselfmonitorandcontrolourbehavior,thestudyisanimportantstepineffortstodevelopmoreeffectivetreatmentsformentalillnesses.Italsoprovidesanewwayofunderstandinginappropriatebehaviorsthatoften panymentalillnesses.“OurresultssuggesthowinjuryoftheACCmechanismscanleadtobreakdownsintheearlywarningsystem,sothatthebrainfailstostoporcontrolinappropriatebehavioraheadoftime,”saidBrown.“Ontheotherhand,in swithmentaldisorder,theACCmightwarnofan ingproblemevenwhennoproblemisintheKnowntobeanimportantpartofthebrain’scontrolsystem,theACCisbelievedtohelpadjustbetweencold,hard,fact-basedreasoningandemotionalresponses,suchaslove,fearorexpectation.Accordingtothepassage,the referstothesixthsensefor B.dealswithobviouswarningC.connectstheleftandright D.sendswarningmessagesinThenewresearchisbeneficialbecause providesanewwayofavoidingadjustsemotionalresponsesintimeofhelpsfindbettertreatmentsformentalassistspeopleinpredictingandavoidingThenewresearchhelpsus whywearelikelytomakemistakeswhentheACCisbadlywhypeoplewithmentalillnessesusuallyhavestrangehowtheACCworkswhensomethingdangeroushowourbrainwarnsusoffailureinDTheCelebrationInthe1960s,WaltDisneypicturedinthemindafutureutopiancitywithundergroundroadsandaclimate-controlledroundroof.TherealcommunityofCelebration,Florida,builtin1999,appliesthesocialandenvironmentalgoalsofbothDisneyandtheNewUrbanismmovement.DisneyandtheNewUrbanismhaveimaginedcommunitiesthatpromotesocialandlocalcommunication.CelebrationhasacentralMarketStreetdistricttoreducetrafficandencouragesocialcontacts.Theideaisthatifthedowntownareaisneatlyandcloselyranked,peoplewillwalkandmeettheirneighbors.Downtowneventslikeartfestivalsalsobringcitizenstogether.Narrow,tree-linedstreetsare“trafficcalm”—withslowerspeedlimits—toencouragebicyclingandwalking.Moreover,housinginCelebrationincludesbothsingle-andmulti-familyhousesthatencouragessocialization.Apartmentbuildingsarelocatedclosetodowntown,andhousesarebuiltclosetogetherwithsmallyards.Theyfeatureentrancehallstoencouragecitizenstosocialize.“Manyaspectsofthatkindofdesignarereallyaimedatizingsocialcommunicationbetweencitizens,notjustonthestreetsbutalsoincommunityinstitutionsthatareverymuchapartofpubliclifethere,”saysAndrewRoss,aNewYorkUniversityprofessorwholivedinCelebrationforoneyear.UtopiancommunitiessuchasCelebrationarealsodesignedwithenvironmentalprotectioninmind.Thetownitselfisbuilton4,900acressurroundedbya4,700acreprotectedgreenbelt.Thegreenbeltparks,andcommon High-riseofficeandapartmentbuildingsprovidecloseofficeandlivingspaceinasmallgeographicareainordertoreduceurbansprawl,thespreadoftoday’scitiesontonatureareas.Buildingsalsominimizeenvironmentalinfluencebyusingcoolingandelectricsystemswithinsulated（絕緣的;隔熱的）glass,coolingtowers,andenergy-savinglamps.“ThetownmoreorlessborrowsveryheavilyfromNewUrbanistprinciples…tocreateenvironmentallyfriendlyalternativestosprawlandtocreatecommunitiesaroundpeopleratherthanvehicles,”Rosssaid.Celebrationmentionedinthepassageis cityofferingliving B.communitypromotingC.specialoccasioninthe D.downtownareawithhighThepurposeofholdingArtfestivalsmentionedinParagraph2is exhibitart B.attractsforC.encourage D.reducedowntownTheunderlinedword“sprawl”inParagraph6mayberecedby A. B. C. D.WhichofthefollowingshowstheorganizationoftheCCC CP:Central P: SP:Sub-point(次要點 C:Nowitisjobhuntingseasonagain.Thejobfairsfloodwithhundredsandthousandsof2011graduatestudents.Owingtotheglobalfinancialcrisis,mostofthegraduatestudentsadmitthatjobhuntingisnotthateasyanylonger.Itisalwaysapainfulprocessforcollegestudentstofindjobs.71However,jobpositi