2020屆高考英語人教版必修四課堂要點(diǎn)精析講義Unit4SectionⅢGrammar-現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語含答案

Grammar—現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語KEQIANZIZHULINGWU課前自主領(lǐng)梧語法圖解「時間狀語原因狀語條件狀語結(jié)果狀語I讓步、方式和伴隨狀語「時態(tài)語態(tài)否定式獨(dú)立主格I評注性狀語探究發(fā)現(xiàn)...Isawseveralyoungpeopleenterthewaitingarealookingaroundcuriously.Istoodforaminutewatchingthemandthenwenttogreetthem.③Shesteppedbackappearingsurprised...ThenAkiraNagatafromJapancameinsmiling,togetherwithGeorgeCookfromCanada.⑤WhenDarleneCoulonfromFrancecamedashingthroughthedoor...?Turningaround,shesawanambulancedrivingaway.⑦Theoldscientistdiedallofasudden,leavingtheprojectunfinished.⑧Hearingthenews,theyjumpedforjoy.?Havingsmokedtoomuch,hehassufferedfromlungcancer.［我的發(fā)現(xiàn)］(1)黑體部分在句中作伴隨狀語的是①②③④⑤；作時間狀語的是⑥作結(jié)果狀語的是⑦；作原因狀語的是⑧⑨⑦；作原因狀語的是⑧⑨(2)比較句⑧和⑨可知：句⑧中動詞-ing形式短語為一般式，表示動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生；句⑨中動詞-ing形式短語為完成式，表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。(3)觀察句①?⑨可知現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語都是句子的主語。課堂要點(diǎn)精析KETANGYAODIANJINGXI課堂要點(diǎn)精析KETANGYAODIANJINGXI一、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的用法現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)在句中作狀語來修飾謂語動詞或整個句子,表示動作發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、方式、讓步或伴隨狀況。.作時間狀語(相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句)。Walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.=When/While(shewas)walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.當(dāng)她在公園里散步時，她看到了她的一個老朋友。［名師點(diǎn)津］當(dāng)表示正在進(jìn)行的動作時，可直接在分詞前面加上when/while,此時也可理解為狀語從句的省略。.作原因狀語（一般可轉(zhuǎn)換成由as或because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句）Beingill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.=Ashewasill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.因為生病了，他無法去上學(xué)。.作條件狀語（一般放在句首，其前可以加if,unless等連詞）Workinghard,you,llmakegreatprogress.=Ifyouworkhard,you,llmakegreatprogress.如果你努力工作，你將取得很大進(jìn)步。.作結(jié)果狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語時，通常放在句末，中間用逗號隔開，表示一種順其自然、意料之中的結(jié)果。Theplatedroppedfromherhands,breakingintopieces.盤子從她手中掉了下來，摔成了碎片。［名師點(diǎn)津］現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，是隨著謂語動詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果，其邏輯主語往往是前面整個句子所描述的情況，前面有時候可以加thus。而不定式作結(jié)果狀語時常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，有時前面可以加only。試比較：Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchacold.被雨淋后他感冒了。Ihurriedtoschool,onlytofinditwasSunday.我匆忙趕到學(xué)校，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)是星期天。.作讓步、方式和伴隨狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步、方式和伴隨狀語時，說明動作發(fā)生的背景和情況。作伴隨狀語時，表示分詞的動作和主句的動作同時發(fā)生，此時它可轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句。Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,readingabook.=Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroomandwasreadingabook.瑪麗坐在教室的窗邊讀一本書。［名師點(diǎn)津］為強(qiáng)調(diào)動詞-ing形式表達(dá)的意義，可在其前加上各種連詞。例如，加上when,while，強(qiáng)調(diào)與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生；加上before,after，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作先后發(fā)生；加上thus，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果；加上（al）though，強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步等。Thoughknowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.盡管他們了解這一切，但還是讓我賠償損失。［即時演練1］（1）分析下列各句中現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的類型①Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforthestation.時間狀語②Notknowinghisaddress,Ican’twritetohim,原因狀語③Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor結(jié)果狀語④Livingmilesaway,heattendedthelecture讓步狀語⑤Helayinbed,readinganovel.伴隨狀語⑥Usingastick,thepainterdrewapictureonthegroundintenminutes方式狀語?Keepingonyourfeet,youwillmakeyourselfmoretired條件狀語（2）補(bǔ)全句子①（湖南高考改編）Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland,staringatthenight_sky（凝視著夜空）.②Beingpoor（因為窮）,hecan’taffordacomputer.③（2016?北京高考改編）Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,turningtheoldtowninto（把老城變成）adreamland.二、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語注意事項.現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，要注意分詞的時間性，是用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式（doing）,還是用完成式加而且done）。（1）當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生時，用分詞的一般式。Walkinginthestreet,Imetanoldfriendofmine.我正在大街上行走時，遇到了一位老朋友。（walking和謂語動詞met同時發(fā)生）（2）當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動作先發(fā)生，而謂語動詞的動作后發(fā)生時，用分詞的完成式。Havingfinishedtheletter,hewenttopostit.他寫完信后就把它寄了出去。（havingfinished是先發(fā)生的，went是后發(fā)生的）［即時演練2］用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①（2016?天津高考改編）Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,making（make）airconditioningunnecessary.②Havingworked（work）forthreehours,hetookarest.③Havinglived（live）inBeijingforyears,Ialmostknoweveryplacequitewell.④（江西高考改編）Havingspent（spend）nearlyallourmoney,wecouldn’taffordtostayatahotel.⑤Seeing(see)nobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote..現(xiàn)在分詞的語態(tài)使用現(xiàn)在分詞的主動式還是被動式，這主要取決于現(xiàn)在分詞和句子主語之間的關(guān)系。句子的主語就是分詞的邏輯主語。Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory,theywereveryhappy.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式)被領(lǐng)著參觀了工廠后，他們很高興。Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.(現(xiàn)在分詞的主動式)完成了作業(yè)后，他上床睡覺。［即時演練3］用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Beingtalked(talk)to,youshouldlookintotheeyesoftheperson.②Havingbeentold(tell)forseveraltimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandtherules.③Havingreceived(receive)hisreply,sheranghimup.④(重慶高考改編)Havingbeen_asked(ask)toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm..動詞-ing形式的否定式：not+v.-ing;nothaving+v.-edNotknowingthis,hedidn'tcome.他不知道這件事，所以沒來。Nothavingmadefullpreparations,weputoffthesportsmeeting.因為沒有做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，我們把運(yùn)動會延期了。.獨(dú)立主格動詞-ing形式作狀語，有時它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),通常用來表示伴隨的動作或情況，也可以表示時間、原因或條件。Thetreesareextremelytall,somemeasuringover90metres.那些樹非常高，其中一些測量為90多米。Theweatherbeingfine,wewentoutforawalk.由于天氣好，我們?nèi)ド⒉搅?。［即時演練4］(1)補(bǔ)全句子①(江蘇高考改編)Thelecturehavingbeengiven(講座結(jié)束后),alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.②Springcomingon(春天來了),thetreesturnedgreen.(2)用現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)改寫下列句子Ifweatherpermits,weshallgothereonfoot.fWeatherpermitting,weshallgothereonfoot.AfterMarycameback,theydiscussedittogether.fMarycomingback,theydiscussedittogether.現(xiàn)在分詞作評注性狀語有些現(xiàn)在分詞在句中沒有邏輯主語，它們往往作為句子的評注性狀語來修飾整個句子,表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。例如：generallyspeaking“一般來說"，judgingby/from...“從 判斷”，takingeverythingintoconsideration”從全盤考慮”。Judgingfromhisbehaviour,hemustbemad.從他的行為來判斷，他一定是瘋了。課后強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練I.單句語法填空Havingselected(select)theproperpresent,theysentittotheirrespectableprofessor.Notknowing(know)whattodo,thechildrenhadtowaitfortheirparentstocomeback.Hearing(hear)thesignal,peopleranoutofthebuilding.Judging(judge)fromtheappearance,itisverypeaceful,butinfact,awarwillbreakoutsoon.Thedecisionhavingbeenmade(make),whatistobedonenowishowtocarryitout.Working(work)harderatEnglish,you'llmakegreaterprogress.Whenexploringthecave,theyfoundavaluablemineral.Itbeing(be)Sunday,manypeoplegotothegymnasiumtodophysicalexercises.Looking(look)outthroughthewindow,wesawabeautifulscenery.Thecaseshockedthepublic,causing(cause)ahotdebateoverhumannatureontheInternet.II,單句寫作Personallyspeaking,」'msatisfiedwithyourperformance.就個人而言，我滿意你的表現(xiàn)。Thefilmstarintendedtoleavequickly,onlytobesurroundedbyhisfans.這位影星想迅速離開，卻被他的粉絲包圍了。Footballisplayedallovertheworld,makingitapopularsport.全世界都踢足球，因此踢足球成了一種很流行的運(yùn)動。.Therebeingnocustomers,_theyclosedthestore.因為沒有顧客，他們關(guān)了店門。Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.我站在門旁，不敢說一句話。Havingtried_manytimes(=Thoughhehadtriedmanytimes),hestillcouldn'tsucceed.盡管嘗試了多次，但他仍未成功。Settingoffearlier/Ifsettingoffearlier(=Ifyousetoffearlier),you,llgettothetownatdusk.如果早點(diǎn)兒出發(fā)的話，你在傍晚的時候就會到達(dá)小鎮(zhèn)。Havingapologizedtohisteacherforhisrudemanner(=Afterhehadapologizedtohisteacherforh