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InternationalTrendsinEnvironmentalRegulationsforVehiclesSantiago,ChileMay13,2008MichaelP.WalshInternationalConsultantChairman,BoardofDirectors,InternationalCouncilonCleanTransportationMajorGlobalTrendsEnvironmentalConcernsIncreasingParticlesGlobalWarmingCleanerandCleanerTechnologiesEnteringMarketplaceHeavyDutyDieselVehiclesPassengerCarsMotorcyclesCleanerFuelsIncreasinglyCriticalSulfurLevelsApproachingZeroLeadAlmostGone;MMTIncreasingConcernGrowthofVehiclePopulationinShanghai,1988-20024E:\ChanghongCHEN\對(duì)外合作\能源基金會(huì)\交通項(xiàng)目\基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)\機(jī)動(dòng)車統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)表.xlsMostVehiclesAreInCities5OneResult:SeriousHealthConcernsWHOConcludes~800,000PrematureDeathsEachYearFromUrbanPMNumerousStudiesConsistentlyLinkPMWithPrematureDeaths,HospitalAdmissions,AsthmaAttacks,Etc.NoEvidenceofaThresholdOzone,NO2,VariousToxicsAlsoSeriousHealthConcernsSlide6Source:Cohenetal,2005PM10in
MajorcitiesEnergyDemandintheTransportSector:AnnualAverageGrowthRate(%)byRegion2004-2030In2004,94%oftransportenergybasedonfossiloil.Thesharewillonlyslightlydecreaseto93%in2030.Source:IEAWEO20060123456WorldOECDOECDNorthAmericaUSAOECDPacificJapanOECDEuropeEuropeanUnionTransitionEconomiesRussiaDevelopingCountriesDevelopingAsiaChinaIndiaLatinAmericaBrazilMiddleEastAfricaGrowth(%p.a.)BackgroundCarbonDioxideisNotTheWholeStory!Transportationsectorpriorities103keyinterventionsFuel-efficient,lowEmittingcarsLow-carbonfuelsReducedvehicle-milestraveledthroughcongestionpricing,BusRapidTransit,etc.Slide11TechnologyCapableofCleaningVehicleEmissionsHasImprovedDramaticallyinthePast30-40YearsTheThree-wayCatalyticConverter:AFamiliarTechnologyRe-EngineeredforHighPerformanceinClose-coupledandUnderfloorApplicationsLayeredwashcoat
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