6月英語四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀真題(總?cè)最})及答案

2014年6月英語四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀真題（第一套）及答案PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whenyoungwomenwerefoundtomakeonly82percentofwhattheirmalepeersdojustoneyearoutofcollege,manywereatalosstoexplainit.Allthetraditionalreasonsputforwardtointerpretthepaygap-thatwomenfallbehindwhentheyleavetheworkforcetoraisekids,forexample,orthattheydon'tseekasmanymanagementroles-failedtojustifythisone.Theseyoungwomendidn'thavekidsyet.Andbecausetheywerejustoneyearremovedfromtheirundergraduatedegrees,fewofthesewomenyethadthechancetogoafter(muchlessdecline)leadershiproles.Butthereareotherreasonswhythepaygapremainssopersistent.Thefirstisthatnomatterhowmanywomenmaybegettingcollegedegrees,theuniversityexperienceisstillanunequalone.Thesecondisthatourhighereducationsystemisnotdesignedtofocusontheeconomicconsequencesofourstudents'yearsoncampus.Nowthatwomenarethemajorityofcollegestudentsandsurpassmeninboththenumberofundergraduateandadvanceddegreesawarded,onemightthinkthecollegecampusisaprettyequalplace.Itisnot.Studiesshowthatwhilegirlsdobetterthanboysinhighschool,theystarttotrailoffduringtheircollegeyears.Theyenrollindifferentkindsofclasses,tendtomajorinlessrigorous(非常嚴(yán)格的)subjects,andgenerallyheadoffwithlessambitiousplans.Asaresult,it'snotsurprisingthateventhebesteducatedyoungwomenentertheworkplacewithaslightdisadvantage.Theircollegeexperienceleavesthemsomewhatconfused,stillstumbling(栽倒)overthedilemmastheirgrandmothers'generationsoughttodestroy.Aretheysupposedtobeprettyorsmart?Strongorsexy(性感的)Alltheirlives,today'syoungwomenhavebeenpushedtoembracebothperfectionandpassion-topursuescienceandsports,mathandtheater-anddoitallaswellastheypossiblycan.Nowondertheyarenotnegotiatingforhighersalariesassoonastheygetoutofschool.Theyaretooexhausted,andtooscaredoffailing.56.Traditionally,itisbelievedthatwomenearnlessthanmenbecause______.A)theyhavefailedtotakeasmanyrigorouscoursesB)theydonotfeelasfitformanagementrolesC)theyfeelobligedtotakecareoftheirkidsathomeD)theydonotexhibittheneededleadershipqualities57.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAmerica'shighereducationsystem?A)Itdoesnotofferspecificcareercounselingtowomen.B)Itdoesnotconsideritseconomicimpactongraduates.C)Itdoesnottakecareofwomenstudents'specialneeds.D)Itdoesnotencouragewomentotakerigoroussubjects.58.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttoday'scollegeexperience?A)Itisdifferentformaleandfemalestudents.B)Itisnotthesameasthatofearliergenerations.C)Itismoreexhaustingthanmostwomenexpect.D)ItisnotsosatisfyingtomanyAmericanstudents.59.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomenstudentsincollege?A)Theyhavenoideahowtobringouttheirbest.B)Theydropacoursewhentheyfindittoorigorous.C)Theyarenotaspracticalasmeninchoosingcourses.D)Theydon'tperformaswellastheydidinhighschool.60.Howdoestheauthorexplainthepaygapbetweenmenandwomenfreshfromcollege?A)Womenaretoowornouttobeambitious.B)Womenarenotreadytotakemanagementroles.C)Womenarecaughtbetweencareerandfamily.D)Womenarenotgoodatnegotiatingsalaries.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Headingleadershipliterature,you'dsometimesthinkthateveryonehasthepotentialtobeaneffectiveleader.Idon'tbelievethattobetrue.Infact,IseewayfewertrulyeffectiveleadersthanIseepeoplestuckinpositionsofleadershipwhoaresadlyincompetentandseriouslymisguidedabouttheirownabilities.

Partofthereasonthishappensisalackofhonestself-assessmentbythosewhoaspireto(追求)leadershipinthefirstplace.We'veallmetthetypeofindividualwhosimplymusttakecharge.Whetherit'sadecision-makingsession,abasketballgame,orafamilyouting,theycan'thelpgrabbingtheleaddogpositionandclingingontoitfordearlife.Theybelievethey'renaturalbornleaders.Truthis,they'renothingofthesort.Trueleadersdon'tassumethatit'stheirdivine(神圣的)right,totakechargeeverytimetwoormorepeoplegettogether.Quitetheopposite.Agreatleaderwillassesseachsituationonitsmerits,andwillonlytakechargewhentheirposition,thesituation,and/ortheneedsofthemomentdemandit.Manybusinessexecutivesconfuseleadershipwithaction.Theybelievethatconstantmotionsomehowgeneratesleadershipasabyproduct.Facedwithanysituationthatcan'tbesolvedbythesheerforceofactivity,theygenerateadustcloudofimpatience.Theironeleadershiptoolisvolume:iftheythinkyouaren'tworkingashardastheythinkyoushould,theirdemandsbecomeincreasinglylouderandharsher.Trueleadersunderstandthevalueofaction,ofcourse,butitisn'ttheironlytool.Infact,itisn'teventheirprimarytool.Greatleadersseemorethaneveryoneelse:answers,solutions,patterns,problems,opportunities.Theyknowit'svitallyimportanttodo,buttheyalsoknowthatthinking,understanding,reflectionandinterpretationareequallyimportant.Ifyou'retooconcernedwithoutcomestotheextentthatyoumanipulateandintimidateotherstoachievethoseoutcomes,thenyouaren'tleadingatall,you'redictating.Atrueleaderissomeonewhodevelopshisorherteamsothattheycananddohittheirtargetsandachievetheirgoals.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。61.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheleadersheknows?A)Manyofthemareusedtotakingcharge.B)Fewofthemareequaltotheirpositions.C)Manyofthemfailtofullydeveloptheirpotential.D)Fewofthemarefamiliarwithleadershipliterature.62.Whyaresomepeopleeagertogrableadershippositions?A)Theybelievetheyhavethenaturalgifttolead.B)Theybelieveinwhatleadershipliteraturesays.simplyafactoflifeformanymedicaljobs.Whathaschanged,saydoctors,especiallyyoungerones,isthattheyfaceincreasingpressuretointeractwiththeirdevices.Thepressurestemsfromamantra(信條)ofmodemmedicinethatpatientcaremustbe"datadriven,"andinformedbythelatest,instantlyaccessibleinformation.Bymanyaccounts,thetechnologyhashelpedreducemedicalerrorbyprovidinginstantaccesstopatientdataorprescriptiondetails.

Dr.PeterCarmel,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,saidtechnology"offersgreatpotentialinhealthcare,"butheaddedthatdoctors'firstpriorityshouldbewiththepatient.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。Whydohospitalsequiptheirstaffwithcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevices?

A)Toreducemedicalerror.

B)Tocopewithemergencies.

C)Tofacilitateadministration.

D)Tosimplifymedicalprocedures.

57.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoby"distracteddoctoring"?

A)Thedisservicedonebymodemdevicestodoctors,nurses,aswellaspatients.

B)Thetendencyofmedicalinstitutionsencouragingtheuseofmodemdevices.

C)Theproblemofdevicespreventingdoctorsfromfocusingontheirpatients.

D)Thephenomenonofmedicalstaffattendingtopersonalaffairswhileworking.

58.WhatdoesDr.PeterPapadakosworryabout?

A)Medicalstudentsarenotadequatelytrainedtousemodemtechnology.

B)Doctors'interactionwiththeirdevicesmayendangerpatients'lives.

C)octorsarerelyingtooheavilyonmodemelectronictechnology.

D)Pressuresonthemedicalprofessionmaybecomeoverwhelming.

59.Whydodoctorsfeelincreasingpressuretousemodemdevices?

A)Patientstrustdoctorswhousemodemtechnology.

B)Useofmodemdevicesaddstohospitals'revenues.

C)Dataisgiventoomuchimportanceinpatientcare.

D)Patients'datahastoberevisedfromtimetotime.

60.WhatisPeterCarmel'sadvicetodoctors?

A)Theyfollowcloselytheadvancesinmedicalscience.

B)Theyfocustheirattentiononthepatient'scondition.

C)Theyobservehospitalrulesandregulations.

D)Theymakethebestuseofmodemdevices.

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ihavecloselywatchedmygeneration,knownasTheMillennials,for29yearsnow.JoelSteinwroteanextensivepieceonMillennialsandheremainsratheroptimisticaboutourpotential.

Ihesitatetosharehisoptimismbecauseofaparadox(矛盾的現(xiàn)象)weseemtoexhibit,namely,thattherearemoreavenuesforustoentertainourselvesthaneverbefore,yetwearemoreboredthaneverbefore.

Entertainmenthasneverbeenmorevaried.Wehavemorecablechannels,televisionshows,andmoviesthaneverbefore.Internetprovidersallowinstantviewingofalmostanymovieortelevisionprogramevercreated.SocialdrinkingandpartyingarealsowidelyavailableforMillennials.Everygenerationdevelopsthesehabitsatacertainage,butMillennialsseemtobeextendingthisphaseoflifeastheypostponemarriage.

SomeofthisisundoubtedlyduetoTheGreatRecession.Millennialsarehavingadifficulttimefindingjobs;only47percentof16-to-24-year-oldsareemployed,thesmallestsharesincegovernmentstartedrecordingdatain1948.

ButdoMillennialsrespondtotheseeconomictroublesbydoingwhateverittakestomakeendsmeet?Hardly.Infact,ofthefourgenerationsPewResearchhasdatafor,theMillennialgenerationdoesnotciteworkethic(勤奮工作)asdistinctiveofitself.Millennialswanttosavetheworld,buttheysitandwaitforthatworld-changingopportunitytobehandedtothem.Insteadofworking2-3jobs,launchingabusiness,ordoingwhatittakestosucceed,theyretreat.Millennialsmaybethefirstgenerationtohavealowerstandardoflivingthantheirparents,butwiththisresponsetoadversity(逆境),perhapsdeservinglyso.

Muchinkhasbeenspilledinmanagementbooksdiscussinghowtogetthemostoutoftheseyouthsintheworkplace.Largely,theycometothesameconclusion;Millennialsareentitled,over-confident,andexpecttoomuchtooquickly.Weshouldnotbesurprised.Today'syoungadultswereraisedbyparentswhomadesuretoboosttheirself-esteemateveryturn,tellingthemtheycouldachievewhatevertheysettheirmindsto,andhandingoutprizesforthesixthplace.

61.WhatdoestheauthorofthepassagethinkofMillennials?

A)Theyshowlittleinterestinentertainment.

B)Theyarenotconfidentabouttheirability.

C)Theyenjoyaneasylifeduetohightechnology.

D)Theymaynothavebrightprospectsforsuccess.

62.HowdoMillennialsfeelabouttheirlife?

A)Theycanhardlydoanythingaboutit.C)Itisnotasgoodastheirparents'.

B)Thereislittleinittogetexcitedabout.D)Itisfullofopportunitiesforsuccess.

63.InwhatwayareMillennialsdifferentfrompreviousgenerationsaccordingtoPewResearch?

A)Theyspendlesstimesocializing.C)Theydonotvaluehardwork.

B)Theyareindifferenttoothers.D)Theyaremoreindependent.

64.WhatshouldMillennialsdoaccordingtotheauthor?

A)Remainoptimisticinfaceofadversity.C)Makefulluseofnewopportunities.

B)Startabusinessasearlyaspossible.D)Takeactiontochangetheirsituation.

65.WhyareMillennialsover-confidentaboutthemselves?

A)Theyhavebeenspoiledbytheirparents.C)Theyaremisguidedbymanagementbooks.

B)Theycanalwaysgetwhatevertheyexpect.D)Theythinktheyareyoungandenergetic.第二套PassageOne

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thequestionofwhetherourgovernmentshouldpromotescienceandtechnologyortheliberalartsinhighereducationisn'taneither/orproposition(命題),althoughthecurrentemphasisonpreparingyoungAmericansforSTEM(science,technology,engineering,maths)relatedfieldscanmakeitseemthatway.

Thelatestcongressionalreportacknowledgesthecriticalimportanceoftechnicaltraining,butalsoassertsthatthestudyofthehumanities(人文學(xué)科)andsocialsciencesmustremaincentralcomponentsofAmerica'seducationalsystematalllevels.Bothareasarecriticaltoproducingcitizenswhocanparticipateeffectivelyinourdemocraticsociety,becomeinnovative(創(chuàng)新)leaders,andbenefitfromthespiritualenrichmentthatthereflectiononthegreatideasofmankindovertimeprovides.

Parentsandstudentswhohaveinvestedheavilyinhighereducationworryaboutgraduates'jobprospectsastechnologicaladvancesandchangesindomesticandglobalmarketstransformprofessionsinwaysthatreducewagesandcutjobs.Underthesecircumstances,it'snaturaltolookforwhatmayappeartobethemost"practical"wayoutoftheproblem:"Majorinasubjectdesignedtogetyouajob"seemstheobviousanswertosome,thoughthisignoresthefactthatmanydisciplinesinthehumanitiescharacterizedas"soft"often,infact,leadtoemploymentandsuccessinthelongrun.Indeed,accordingtosurveys,employershaveexpressedapreferenceforstudentswhohavereceivedabroadly-basededucationthathastaughtthemtowritewell,thinkcritically,researchcreatively,andcommunicateeasily.

Moreover,studentsshouldbepreparednotjustfortheirfirstjob,butfortheir4thand5thjobs,asthere'slittlereasontodoubtthatpeopleenteringtheworkforcetodaywillbecalledupontoplaymanydifferentrolesoverthecourseoftheircareers.Theoneswhowilldothebestinthisnewenvironmentwillbethosewhoseeducationshavepreparedthemtobeflexible.Theabilitytodrawuponeveryavailabletoolandinsight-pickedupfromscience,arts,andtechnology-tosolvetheproblemsofthefuture,andtakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesthatpresentthemselves,willbehelpfultothemandtheUnitedStates.

56.Whatdoesthelatestcongressionalreportsuggest?

A)STEM-relatedsubjectshelpstudentsfindjobsintheinformationsociety.

B)ThehumanitiesandSTEMsubjectsshouldbegivenequalimportance.

C)Theliberalartsinhighereducationhelpenrichstudents'spirituallife.

D)Highereducationshouldbeadjustedtothepracticalneedsofsociety.

57.Whatisthemainconcernofstudentswhentheychooseamajor?

A)Theirinterestinrelevantsubjects.

B)Theacademicvalueofthecourses.

C)Thequalityofeducationtoreceive.

D)Theirchancesofgettingagoodjob.

58.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheso-calledsoft,subjects?

A)Theybenefitstudentsintheirfuturelife.

B)Theybroadenstudents'rangeofinterests.

C)Theyimprovestudents'communicationskills.

D)Theyareessentialtostudents'healthygrowth.

59.Whatkindofjobapplicantsdoemployerslookfor?

A)Thosewhohaveastrongsenseofresponsibility.

B)Thosewhoaregoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.

C)Thosewhoarelikelytobecomeinnovativeleaders.

D)Thosewhohavereceivedawell-roundededucation.

60.Whatadvicedoestheauthorgivetocollegestudents?

A)Seizeopportunitiestotaptheirpotential.

B)Trytotakeavarietyofpracticalcourses.

C)Preparethemselvesfordifferentjoboptions.

D)Adoptaflexibleapproachtosolvingproblems.

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Energyindependence.Ithasaniceringtoit,doesn'tit?Ifyouthinkso,you'renotalone,becauseenergyindependencehasbeenthedreamofAmericanpresidentsfordecades,andnevermoresothaninthepastfewyears,whenthemostrecentoilpriceshockhasbeenpartlyresponsibleforkickingoffthegreatrecession.

"Energyindependence"anditsrhetorical(修辭的)companion"energysecurity"are,however,slipperyconceptsthatarerarelythoughtthrough.Whatisitwewantindependencefrom,exactly?

Mostpeoplewouldprobablysaythattheywanttobeindependentfromimportedoil.Buttherearereasonsthatwebuyallthatoilfromelsewhere.

Thefirstreasonisthatweneedittokeepoureconomyrunning.Yes,thereisatrickle(涓涓細(xì)流)ofbiofuel(生物燃料)available,andmoremaybecomeavailable,butmostbiofuelscauseeconomicwasteandenvironmentaldestruction.

Second,Americanshavebasicallydecidedthattheydon'treallywanttoproducealltheirownoil.Theyvaluetheenvironmentalqualitytheypreserveovertheiroilimportsfromabroad.VastareasoftheUnitedStatesareoff-limitstooilexplorationandproductioninthenameofenvironmentalprotection.TowhatextentareAmericansreallywillingtoenduretheenvironmentalimpactsofdomesticenergyproductioninordertocutbackimports?

Third,therearebenefitstotrade.Itallowsforeconomicefficie