米粒暑假22講義課堂筆記pm day

Chapter16PerformanceMeasurementand Statementofprofitor$Revenue(AllcreditCostofOperatingexpenses(PeriodFinanceProfitbeforeNet NonNonCurrentassets(LongtermOrdinarysharecapital(股本)LongLongtermCurrentTradepayable

ROCE=Operatingprofit(PBIT)/CapitalEmployed*100%=40,000/75,000*100%=54%CapitalEmployed=Asses-Current=NetCurrentAsset+Long-termProfitMargin(Operatingprofitmargin)=Operatingprofit(PB Currentratio=Currentasset/CurrentliabilitReasonsforNFIsareleadingindicatorsforfinancialperformanceindicators.TheygiveearlysignalsofNFIsconcentrationontoofewvariables(monetaryterms)whileNFIsgiveawholepictureofanorganization.Lackofinformationonquality.WhichNFPIsshouldbemeasured?Chapter17QualityofSpeedor UsingFPIsandNFIstoyzeperformanceAssessperformance通用答題思路：GrossEg:DeliverycostperrevenueOperatingprofit(OperatingprofitPercentageofcomints,Percantageofjobsfromrepeat***hasincreased(decreased)from***to***,whichshows***eggoodcostcontrolthisisbecause**(到案例里找原因)?！癎rossprofitmarginhasincreasedfrom20X5to20X6.Thiscouldbeduetoreducedcostsorincreasedsellingprice“Grossprofitmarginhasincreasedfrom37.2%to42.4%whichshowsastrongperformanceAssellingpriceshaveremainedconstant,thismustbeduetoreducedcosts;usingthecheaperrfromSlabakhascontributedtothis.”2019Mar/JunQ322019Mar/JunQ32BestnightCo2016SepQ31JungleCo2021Sep/DecS1a)Flag&Budget1Mar/Jun2019BestNightCooperatesachainof30hosacrossthecountryofEssland.Itpridesitselfonthecomfortoftheroomsinitshosandthequalityofserviceitofferstoguests.ThemajorityofBestNightCo'shosarelocatedinmajorcitiesandhavepreviouslybeensuccessfulinattractingbusinesscustomers.Inrecentyears,however,thenumberofbusinesscustomershasstartedtodeclineasaresultoftougheconomicconditionsinEssland.BestNightCo'sistosetstandardpricesfortheroomsineachofitshos,withthatpricereflectingtheho 'slocationandtakingaccountofcompetitors’prices.However,ho theauthoritytoofferdiscountstoregularcustomers,andtoreducepriceswhenoccupancyratesintheirhoareexpectedtobelow.Theaveragestandardpricepernight,acrossallthehos,was$140in20X7,comparedtoin20X6.Inadditiontoroombookingsthehosalsogeneraterevenuefromtheadditionalservicesavailabletocustomers,suchasrestaurantsandbars.SummaryfromBestNightCo’smanagementYearYear30June30JuneRevenue-roomsatstandardpriceperRoomdiscountsorratereductionsOtherrevenue:food,TotalrevenueOperatingcostsYear YearTotalrevenueOperatingcosts30June 30JuneAverageoccupancyrates(Note

Note1:Capitalemployediscalculatedusingthedepreciatedcostofnon-currentassetsatallBestNightCo'shosNote2:Occupancyratesfortheyearended30June20X7werebudgetedtobeNote3:Customersatisfactionscoresaregradedonascaleof1-5where'5’represents'Excellent'.Onaverage,inanygiventowninEssland,thetop10%ofhosearnascoreof4.5oraboveandthetop25%ofhosearnascoreof4.2orabove.Twothemesare ingincreasinglyfrequentinthecommentsBestNightCo'scustomersmakealongsidethescores:Repeatcustomershavesaidthatthestandardofserviceinrecentvisitshasnotbeenasgoodasinpreviousvisits.Theroomsneedredecorating.andthefixturesandfittingsneedrecing.Forexample.thebedsneednewmattressestoimprovethelevelofcomforttheyprovideBestNightCohadnnedatwo-yearrefurbishmentprogrammebeginningin20X7ofalltheroomsineachho.However,thisprogrammehasbeenputonhold,duetothecurrenteconomicconditions,andinordertoreduceexpenditure.Usingtheinformationprovided,discussBestNightCosfinancialandnon-financialperformancefortheyearendec30June20X7.Note:Thereare5marksavailableforcalculationsand15marksavailablefor(20 IncreaseofoperatingIncreaseoftotalratio0.565IncreaseofIncreaseofIncreaseofnet%IncreaseofotherGrossroomBestNight’s‘gross’roomrevenuehasincreasedby6·6%in20X7,whichreflectstheoccupancyrates74%v72%)andtheincreaseinstandardroomrates($140v$135pernight)thismightgivetheimpressiontheho isperformedgood.(2分)RevenueafterHowever,afteradjustedfordiscountsorraereductionsoffered,netrevenuehasactuallyonlyincreased18%,andthatreflectshesignificant45%increaseindiscounts,itmightbecausefacingwithcompetition,managersmayhavedecidedtoofferlowerroomratestotrytoretainasmanyoftheirexistingbusinesscustomersaspossible(2ortotrytoattractadditionalleisurecustomers,asaresult,althoughpriceisincreasingandoccupancyrateisincreasing,therevenueperroomisrevenueAdditionalrevenueisincreasingby4.7itmeansevenifguestsarepayinglessperroompernight,theygenerateadditionalrevenuefromfoodanddrinksles2分)TotalIntotal,revenuenetofdiscounts)hasincreased2·4%in20X7v20X6,sincethetougheconomicconditions,itisperformedwellforBestnightasthetotalrevenueisincreasing.(2分)OperatingprofitDespitetheincreaseinrevenue,operatingprofitshavefallenby1·3%between20X7and20X6,duetoasizeableincreaseinoperatingcosts,whichhasincreasedby3.3%thismeanstheBestnightshouldpaymoreattentiontocostcontrol(2Howeversincetheroomsneedredecorating,andthefixturesandfittingsneedrecing,thecompetitionisincreasingandthecustomer’ssatisfactionscoreisdecreasingfor4.5to4.2,abalancedwayshouldbefound.(1分)Operatingprofitmarginhasfallenfrom20·8%to20·0%Itperhapsbecausethediscountsofferedandaswellasincreasedoperatingcost.(2分)rom4.5topridesitselfonthecomfortofitsroomsandthelevelROCEhasfallenslightlyfromrom4.5topridesitselfonthecomfortofitsroomsandthelevel shouldbepaidmoreattentionto,BestNight serviceitoffersitsguests,scoremightmeanthecompetitivenessislosing.(2分)Theho hasdeferredtherefurbishmentprogramme,asaresult,thecustomersatisfactionscoreandtheoccupancyrateisfalling,andthepriceisevenincreasing,thiswouldgiveanegativeimpactonfutureperformance.(2分)Insummary,asthecompetitionisincreasing,thehoshouldfindabalancedwaytoreducecostbutincreasecustomersatisfactioninordertoincreasingoperatingprofit.(1分)5202520Chapter17BalancedScorecardGoals(CSF)Cost

GrossprofitOperatingprofit

=Averagesizeofdonation*NumberofPercentageincreaseintotalPercentage efromnew&

Percentageofcustomer =No.ofcomints/No.ofPercentageofsalesfromnew=Salesfromnewproducts/TotalTotalsalestorepeated=No.ofcancel/No.ofPercentageofcustomercom=No.ofreturns/No.ofJobcompletiontime(Timetakenper=Toalhour/No.ofAveragetimeofcorrectingerrors(Noofcalls/ stocorrecterror)Percentage efromnewNumberofnewitemsofferedonTraining Innovationand InavarietyofwaysratherthanrelyingononefiguManagersarehardtodistort(manipulate)thepeformanceIttakesalong- Makesureimportantelementsareassessedandexpected fedItisflexiblesincewhatismeasuredcanbechangedovertimetoreflectchangingingingDifficulttoselecting20212021Mar/Junp題題2017Mar/JunQ32Thepeople’sbank2020Mar/JunScenario2Chapter18TheBuildingChapter18TheBuildingBlockModelBBMisusedtomeasureperformanceinserviceDimensionsofQuality質量 Increaseinrevenue(profit)GrossprofitmarginGrowthinRetentionrateof Percentageofcomints(Numberofcomints)RetentionrateofcustomersCustomercancelrateErrorrateSpeedinrespondingtocustomerrequestsCustomerwaitingtimeSalesperemployeesTimetakenperjobAveragetimeofcorrectingNumberofnewservciesofferedPercentageof efromnewservicesNumberofnewitemsofferedonthe StandardsIndividualsneedtofeelthathey'own'thestandardsandtargetsforwhichtheywillbemaderesponsible.(participative)IndividualsalsoneedtofeelthatthetargetsorstandardsarerealisticandThestandardsandtargetsshouldbeseenas'fair'andequitableforallthemanagersinthe2.22.2Thesystemofsettingtargetsandrewardingindividualsforachievingthetargetsshouldbeclear.ClaritywillimprovethemotivationtoachievethetargetsAchievementofperformancetargetsshouldbesuitablytoIndividualsshouldbemaderesponsibleonlyforaspectsofperformancethattheyareinto練習1SpecimenExamSep2016Q15WhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingFitzgeraldandMoon'sBuildingBlocksmodelareThedeterminantsofperformancearequality,innovation,resourceutilisationandStandardsaretargetsforperformanceandshouldbefair,achievableandRewardsencouragestafftoworktowardsthestandardsandshouldbeclear,motivatingandItisaperformancemeasurementframeworkparticularlysuitableforservice (1),(2)and(2)and(3)(3)and(1),(2)and錯誤應為QualityInnovation,ResourceutilizationOwnershipFair相關2018Sep/DecQ31OSCCo2021Sep/DecS2Sep/Dec2018TheOneStopCarCo(OSCCo)offersarangeofservicesforcarownersatits55servicecentresSep/Dec2018ItsnationalwebsitestatestheRangeofservicepacksavailable,includingexpressserviceandfull‘Weworkwhilstyouwait'service,withaveragewaittimesofonlytwoWatchourfriendly,experiencedmechanicsproducinghighqualityFreshlymadeteaandcoffee internetinourcomfortable prizedrawforallcustomerscompletinganonlinefeedbackCustomersinitiallyaccessthenationalwebsite,butdependingontheirlocation.theyareautomaticallyredirectedtothewebsiteoftheirnearestservicecentresothattheycanviewtheoffersavailableatthatcentre.AllbookingsaremadethroughtheOSCwebsite.760,503Resultsforoneoftheservicecentres,theMidlandsServiceCentre(MSC),fortheyearwhichhasjustendedaregivenbelow.Thecolumnheaded'OSC'showstheaveragefiguresforallofOSCCo's55servicecentres:760,503‘Junior’mechanicsincludesbothtraineemechanicswhoareunqualifiedandmechanicswhobeenqualifiedforlessthanfiveTheMSCintroducedthreenewservicepacksduringthe valetsforordersover--asafetycheckcostingonly$20,insteadoftheusual$40,forallcustomersbookingafullservicea$10airconditioningefficiencycheck,whichusuallycosts$20,forallcustomersbookinganoilchange.-Thesethreenewservicepacksproducedrevenuesof$66,000,$58,000and$54,000respectively.Twocomparablenewservicepacksdevelopedbyothercentresproducedrevenuesof$44,000andTheonlinefeedbackformaskscustomerstoratethecentrefrom1to10,with10beingtheTheCEOofOSCCohasrecentlyattendedabusinessseminarandheardaboutFitzgeraldandMoon'sbuildingblockmodelofperformancemanagemen.TheCEOisinterestedinhowthedimensionsblockcouldbeappliedatOSCCoThedimensionsofperformanceidentifiedinthemodelare:competitiveness,financialperformance,qualityofserviceflexibilityresourceutilisationandinnovation. Foreachofthedimensionsofthebuildingblockmodel,calculateoneperformanceindicatorforMSCandonefortheOSCaverageusingthedataavailable.BrieflyjustifyyourchoiceofperformanceindicatoranddiscussMSC'sperformancerelativetotheotherOSCservicecentres. (16(16(b)ExinhowthestandardsandrewardsblockssupportthedimensionsblockinFitzgeraldandMoon'sbuildingblockmodel.(4(20GrossprofitmarginisthepreferredmeasureforfinancialperformanceasitindicatescostcontrolcostbetterMSC’sgrossprofitmarginisalmost3%higherthantheaverage,whichisagoodresult,whichcontrolcostbetterQualityof-(也可以使用Percentageofcustomerfeedbackformsshowingscoreof9orOSCPercentageofjobsfromrepeatcustomers(1,500/9,506)x15·78%(1,660/11,870)xQualityisakeyelementofMSC’sservicetocustomersandifitispoorcustomerswillnotreturn.MSChasoutperformedtheotherservicecentresonaverageby18%,whichisagoodresult,whichimpactcustomer’ssatisfaction-(也可以使用TimetakenperOSCSalesperThekeyresourceinaservice isitsstaffandsotheseindicatorsmeasurehowthisresourceisbeingutilized,itcanindicatebettercostcontrol.MSC’sutilisationofitsstaffislowerthanthatoftheotherservicecentresby$5,115perwhichmeansitislongertimethanotherserviceRatioofseniormechanicstojuniorOSCPercentagerevenuefromnewservice[($66,000+$58,000+[($44,000+Morenewservicepacksindicatethatthe ismorecreativeandcanleadlongtermThe23·4%indicatesthatMSCisindeedinnovativeintheirapproachtotheircustomers’needs,offeringaninnovativemixofservices.MSChasreallyoutperformedotheservicecentresonthisfront,generatingafarlargerpartofitsrevenuebytheintroductionofnewservicepacks,whichmusthaveattractedcustomers.Thisisareallystrongperformance.-(也可以使用PercentagerevenuefromnewservceOSCTimetakenperjob2·432·09ThetimetakentocompleteeachjobisimportantasthiswillincreasecustomerThetimetakenperjobshowsthatMSCtakeslongertocompleteajobthantheOSCaverage.Thisisnotreallyagoodthingandisprobablybecauseithasalowerratioofseniormechanicstojuniormechanicsthanotherservicecentres,thoughthecustomer’ssatisfactonscoreisnotdecreasing,managersstillshouldpaymoreattentiontothisissue.Retentionrateofcustomers(Numberofjobsfromrepeatcustomers/Numberofjobsbookedandcompleted)OSCPercentageofwebsitehitsconvertedinto(9,506/14,000)xThisratioindicateswhetherMSC’sservicesareattractivecomparedtoitscompetitorswhichisimportantifitisgoingtosurviveinsuchacompetitivemarket.(解釋比率的含義)IthasperformedsubstantiallybetterthanotherOSCservicecentresonaverage,having67·9ofwebsitehitsintojobs,comparedtothe65%convertedbyotherservicecentresThisisagoodresult.(通過結果進行業(yè)績考核)Thestandardsblocksetsthetargetfortheperformanceindicatorschosenforeachofthedimensions.Thetargetsmustmeetthreecriteria–theymustbeachievable,fairandencourageemployeestotakeownership.Ifthetargetssetdonotmeetthesecritera,thentheperformanceoftheorganisationcouldsuffer.Therewardsblockensuresthatemployeesaremotivatedtoachievethestandards.Italsoconsidersthepropertiesofgoodrewardschemeswhicharethattheyshouldbeclear,motivatingandbasedoncontrollablefactors.Ifstandardsandrewardsaresetappropriay,thestaffwillbeengagedandmotivatedanditisthenmorelikelythatthegoals,i.e.dimensions,oftheorganisationwillbeachieved.ChapterChapter19PerformanceMeasurementInNPOTheobjectivesofNFPO’sareoftennon-financialandtheorganizationoftenhaveanumberofdifferentobjectives(Multipleobjectives)TheoutputisoftenhardtomeasureorDifferentobjectivesmakedifferentdemandsonTheresourcesareoftenlimitedandoftensubjecttostrongexternalinfluencessuchaspoliticalfactors.Economy–theabilityoftheorganizationtooptimizetheuseofitsproductiveresources(oftenassessedinrelationtocostcontainment)Effectiveness–theextenttowhichtheorganizationachievesitsEfficiency–the‘output’oftheorganizationperunitofresource方法3：使用題目可能計算的measures來進行分析(以前考過醫(yī)院，學校以及一個公司) Balancescorecard

PositivecashflowIncreaseofpofitCostreduction-Input&

AveragetimepertreatmentOccupancyrateofbuses(beds)NumberofdoctorsperpatientNumberofteachersperstudentPercentageofstudentspassedexamPercentageofcarbonemissionsrelativeto1Pre-Jun2022MockAhospitalmanagementteamassessperformanceusingvalueformoney.Thefolowingperformancemeasuresarereportedbysurgicaldepartments:Thenumberofpatientswhoneedtobere-admittedfolowing TheactualstaffcostversusUsingthedropdownlist,whichelementofvalueformoneyisassessedbyeachofthemeasures

1)2)ProblemsinqualitativemeasureinassessperformanceofSelectingasuitablemeasureforperformance(SubjectiveanddifficulttoAlackofsystemforcollectingdataaboutqualitative相關題Sep/DecS2TonfordSchool√Mar/JunS2 ChapterChapter20Withinanimvetmentcentre,aswellasbeingresponsibleforprofits,managersarealsohaveresponsibilityoverinvestment(capitalexpenditure)andassets.

Head

HeadofficeMacinecontrolledbyheadDivision DivisionDivisionAisaninvestmentcentre,thefollowinginformatonistheperformanceoflastOverheadofdivision2Dec2016LensComanufactureslensesforusebyawiderangeofcommercialcustomers.Thehastwodivisions:thePhotographicDivision(P)andtheOptometryDivision(O).Eachofthedivisionsisrunbyadivisionalmanagerwhohasoverallresponsibilityforallaspectsofrunningtheirdivisionandthedivisionsarecurrentlytreatedasinvestmentcentres.Eachmanager,however,hasanauthorisationlimitof$15,000peritemforcapitalexpenditureandanyitemscostingmorethanhismustfirstbeapprovedbyHeadOffice.Duringtheyear,HeadOfficemadeadecisiontosellalargeamountoftheequipmentinDivisionPandreceitwithmoretechnologicallyadvancedequipmentItalsodecidedtocloseoneofDivisionO’sfactoriesinacountrydeemedtobepoliticallyunstable,withtheintentionofopeninganewfactoryelsewhereinthefollowingyear.Bothdivisionstradewithoverseascustomers,choosingtoprovidethesecustomers

60daystoencouragesales.Duetodifferencesinexchangeratesbetweenthetimeofinvoicingtheandreceivingthepayment60dayslater,exchangegainsandlossesoftenThecostofcapitalforLensCois12%perThefollowingdatarelatestotheyearended30NovemberDivisionDivisionGainonsaleof -DirectDirectExceptionalcostsforfactory-NetdivisionalDivisionDivisionNon-currentassetscontrolledbytheNon-currentassetscontrolledbyHead1,800Trade6,200-TradeTodate,managershavealwaysbeenpaidabonusbasedonthereturnoninvestment(ROI)achievedbytheirdivision.However,theisconsideringwhetherresidual ewouldbeabetter(a)Calculatethereturnoninvestment(ROI)foreachdivisionfortheyearended30November20X6,ensuringthatthebasisofthecalculationmakesitasutablemeasureforassessingtheDIVISIONALMANAGERS’performance.(6Returnon是GainonsaleofDirect是(2,400)Direct是(4,800*Depreciationonuncontrollableassetsincludedindivisionaloverheads分部自行決定是DivisionNon-currentassetscontrolledbythe是Non-currentassetscontrolledbyHead是Trade是是Trade是DirectDivisionaloverheadsexcl.uncontrollableNetdivisionalNetassetscontrolledbythe ROIforDivisionROIforDivision-TradeReturnofinvestemtn(ROI)vs eTheperformanceofaninvestmentcentreisusuallymonitoredusingorbothROIandROI=DivisionalROI=DivisionalcontrollableprofitDivisionalcontrollableRI=Divisionalcontrollableprofit–DivisionalcontrollableCE*Imputedinterestrate(orcostofCostofcapital:Theorganisation'scostofborrowingoritsweightedaveragecostof1Sep2018Examiner’sSummaryfinancialinformationforoneofDamonCo'sdivisionsforthelastyearisshown 18,000 (9,600)Apportionedheadoffice Net2Theaveragevalueofthedivision'stotalassetslesscurrentliabilitiesforthelastyearwaseturnoninvestmentDamonCoassesses itsdivisionsonthebasisofeturnoninvestment Basedonthisinformation,whatisthedivision'sreturnoninvestmentforthelastABCD利 利3Pre-Jun2022MockCurrently,eachdivisionofWesconCoisrequiredtogenerateareturnoninvestment(ROI)ofat20%.Thebonuspaidtodivisionalmanagersincreasesindirectproportiontothe

achievedby oftheEasterndivisionhasbeen %forseveralTheheadofficemanagementareconsideringrecingROIwithresidual e(RI).Theimputedinterestchargewouldbecalculatedusingbookvaluesandaninterestrateof%,withbonusespaid generatedbythedvison.AprojectwithaprojectedROIof21.5%iscurrentlybeingWhatdecisionwillbemadeusingRIandROIbytheEasternRI=Reject,ROI=RI=Accept,ROI=RI=Accept,ROI=RI=Reject,ROI=目前分部投資回報率為25%新項目投資回報率為21.5%，故投資新項目會拉低分部的投資回報率(21.5%＜25%)，而公司發(fā)獎金的要求時投資回報率上升，故。RI的是提出了利息之后的剩余收益，該新項目投資回報率為21.5%，利率為20%，故該項目投資 Dysfunctionalbehaviour:onlyprojectswhichincreaseROIwillbeaccepted;thiscouldbeIfprofit$300eachyearbeforedepreciation,CE（Machine）:$100010YearYearYearChapter21Chapter21Transfer1.1.Group’sviewvsDivision’sExternalsaletoCostsbyDivisionRevenueAlternativerfromDivisionLDivisionM100Transferprice=$40variablecost=$20,FixedDivisionM進一步追加成本$1perunit,對外Price=$96,FixedDivison00VariableFixed---If rfromoutsidewhoprovidesthepriceis$37perFromdivisionM’sIfpurchasefromCostofpurchasefrominside(transfer)CostofpurchasefromoutsideLossperunitifpurchasefrominsideTotallossifpurchasefrominsideDivisionMwouldliketopurchasefromFromgroup’sIfpurchasefrominsideCostofmake(transfer)CostofpurchasefromLossperunitifpurchasefrominsideTotallossifpurchasefrominsideGroupwouldliketomakeandtransferSothedivisionandgroupisnotgoal

3Fromgroup’sviewcostofmakeexternalprie（makeorbuy 同位置做出的決策時不一樣的，而一旦TP定價不合理，就有可能導致分支機構的次優(yōu)選擇 2.Methodsofcalculationof2July2020Examiner'sWhichTWOofthefollowingbasesforsettingatransferpricearemostlikelytoresultingoalcongruentbehaviourbyBOTHthesellingandreceivingdivsions?costActualcostStandardfullcostplus 該方法可以保 3Pre-Dec2022MockDivisionSellisoperatingatfullcapacityproducingcomponentXBD2whichitsellsexternallyfor$8.00perunit.Thevariablecostofproductionis$5perunit.Anotherintenaldivision,DivisionBuyisnego